Macro, Meso and Cultural Exchange Level of Influence on Obesity Among Mexican Immigrants and Mexican-Americans Living on the US-Mexico Border in Southern California PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: 9781124260273 Category : Languages : en Pages : 169
Book Description
The Latino population is now the largest minority group in the United States (US). The higher prevalence of obesity among Mexican immigrants and Mexican-Americans (MI-MA) living in the US compared with Non-Hispanic Whites has been linked to socio-demographic and behavioral factors. There is emerging evidence that suggests features of the social environment and neighborhood socio-economic characteristics may have an influence on Latinos' obesity rates. This study was guided by the social-ecological model and used multilevel analytic methods to examine macro, meso and cultural exchange level factors associated with obesity among MI-MA living in the border region of San Diego, CA. Data were collected as part of the San Diego Prevention Research Center Community Survey. Multistage sampling methods were used to recruit participants into the study. Multilevel models were conducted to examine the association of these factors at multiple social-ecological levels on obesity. Three hundred and ninety seven people completed the survey. The mean age of respondents was 43.4 " 16.9, 72.6% were females and 77% were born in Mexico. Respondents scored high in the Hispanic domain of acculturation and crossed the border about three times per month mostly to visit family and friends in Mexico. Collective efficacy was an average of 3.5 (range 1 to 5). Respondents reported having 4 (0-5) people in their social network with an average reciprocity of 15 times per month. Neighborhoods where respondents live were on average 68% Latino with 27% of home ownership. Almost forty seven percent of respondents were obese. After controlling for micro-level characteristics, health behaviors and neighborhood clustering, the final model suggested that respondents who were employed, with an income below the poverty threshold were less likely to be obese. Middle-aged respondents with larger social networks were more likely to be obese. Two cross-level interactions were significantly associated with obesity. Times crossing the border to Mexico in the last month moderated the effect of collective efficacy on obesity. Neighborhood percentage of home ownership moderated the association between Hispanic domain and obesity. The study provided evidence that the meso, macro and cultural exchange level factors are associated with obesity among MI-MA living in this border region. This study provides the foundation to further investigate the influence of higher social-ecological level determinants of health among MI-MA living in this unique place of influence, the Southern California, US-Mexico border.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: 9781124260273 Category : Languages : en Pages : 169
Book Description
The Latino population is now the largest minority group in the United States (US). The higher prevalence of obesity among Mexican immigrants and Mexican-Americans (MI-MA) living in the US compared with Non-Hispanic Whites has been linked to socio-demographic and behavioral factors. There is emerging evidence that suggests features of the social environment and neighborhood socio-economic characteristics may have an influence on Latinos' obesity rates. This study was guided by the social-ecological model and used multilevel analytic methods to examine macro, meso and cultural exchange level factors associated with obesity among MI-MA living in the border region of San Diego, CA. Data were collected as part of the San Diego Prevention Research Center Community Survey. Multistage sampling methods were used to recruit participants into the study. Multilevel models were conducted to examine the association of these factors at multiple social-ecological levels on obesity. Three hundred and ninety seven people completed the survey. The mean age of respondents was 43.4 " 16.9, 72.6% were females and 77% were born in Mexico. Respondents scored high in the Hispanic domain of acculturation and crossed the border about three times per month mostly to visit family and friends in Mexico. Collective efficacy was an average of 3.5 (range 1 to 5). Respondents reported having 4 (0-5) people in their social network with an average reciprocity of 15 times per month. Neighborhoods where respondents live were on average 68% Latino with 27% of home ownership. Almost forty seven percent of respondents were obese. After controlling for micro-level characteristics, health behaviors and neighborhood clustering, the final model suggested that respondents who were employed, with an income below the poverty threshold were less likely to be obese. Middle-aged respondents with larger social networks were more likely to be obese. Two cross-level interactions were significantly associated with obesity. Times crossing the border to Mexico in the last month moderated the effect of collective efficacy on obesity. Neighborhood percentage of home ownership moderated the association between Hispanic domain and obesity. The study provided evidence that the meso, macro and cultural exchange level factors are associated with obesity among MI-MA living in this border region. This study provides the foundation to further investigate the influence of higher social-ecological level determinants of health among MI-MA living in this unique place of influence, the Southern California, US-Mexico border.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309179068 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 210
Book Description
The Joint U.S.-Mexico Workshop on Preventing Obesity in Children and Youth of Mexican Origin was initiated by a desire to share experiences regarding the problem of obesity in children and youth of Mexican origin on both sides of the border, with a particular focus on potential solutions. U.S and Mexican researchers, public health officials, industry leaders, and policy-makers engaged in valuable dialogue to share perspectives, challenges, and opportunities. Commonalities and differences in the United States and Mexico regarding risk factors, potential interventions and programs, and need for all sectors to collaborate and make progress toward solving this serious public health problem were also discussed. This dialogue served as a basis to explore a bi-national agenda for addressing this epidemic, which was the ultimate goal of the workshop.
Author: Julio Garry Guerrero Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Mexican-Americans are disproportionately burdened by metabolic syndrome, a medical condition characterized by the concurrence of clinical abnormalities that contributes to diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This is alarming since Mexican-Americans constitute two-thirds of the US Latino population, the largest minority and fastest growing group in the US. Investigating acculturative stressors associated with immigration is crucial for eliminating health disparities, but few studies have examined the acculturative impact of Mexican migration to the United States or the relationship between acculturation and metabolic syndrome among Mexican-Americans. The purpose of this dissertation research was to investigate the associations between acculturation and metabolic syndrome among a bi-national sample of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans. Metabolic syndrome was assessed among a bi-national sample of individuals with diabetes using the definition outlined by the International Diabetes Federation, and acculturation was assessed by proxy measures (years lived in the US and generational status) and responses on the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican-Americans, version-II. Chi-square, analysis of variance, and logistic regression were used to determine relationships between country, gender, and acculturation status and metabolic syndrome and its biomarkers. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 79.7%, with 85.0% prevalence among Mexican-Americans and 75.7% among Mexicans (p=0.069). Mexican-Americans had higher blood pressure and central obesity, while Mexicans had higher triglycerides levels. The majority (81.2%) of Mexican-Americans was first generation and lived in the US for an average of 27.65 +/- 16.05 years. The mean acculturation score was -1.83 +/- 1.56, which indicated participants in this study were Mexican-oriented, or more closely associated to Mexican cultural influences than Anglo cultural influences. Higher acculturation scores were positively associated with fasting blood glucose and systolic blood pressure and lower acculturation was negatively associated with fasting blood glucose. Logistic regression analysis showed first generation Mexicans-Americans were more likely to develop metabolic syndrome than second generation Mexican-Americans (OR 7.399, 95% CI 1.464-37.401, p=0.015). Mexican and Mexican-American individuals with type 2 diabetes have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome, which increases their risk for heart disease and other cardiovascular complications. Mexican-Americans are especially affected by central obesity and hypertension and Mexican immigrants appear to be impacted by negative lifestyle factors upon entering the United States. Acculturation is a complex process and the unclear relationship between acculturation and metabolic syndrome warrants further investigations. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148115
Author: Carolyn Zambrano Publisher: ISBN: 9781321367973 Category : Languages : en Pages : 102
Book Description
This dissertation examines the health of Mexican-Americans across generations in the United States and addresses some of the questions involving the Latino health paradox, that is, how poor immigrants could report better health than groups that have been in the United States for longer periods. Using data from Add Health, the research shows that obesity increases across generations. It examines obesity, health status and nutrition. Compared with the third-plus generation, the children of immigrants are somewhat more likely to be obese as children but less likely to be obese as adults. The higher the education of the parents, the lower the level of obesity. In terms of nutrition, the first generation eats the most fruits and vegetables, although their consumption is unrelated to obesity. The second generation is the most likely to eat fast food, frequent consumption of which doubles the odds of obesity by adulthood. Family closeness lowers the odds of obesity. All in all, the results show the complexity of the relationships between time in the United States (whether measured as an actual temporal interval or as family generations) and health patterns within immigrant groups.
Author: Luz Elvia Vera-Becerra Publisher: ISBN: 9781267663726 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The prevalence of obesity in Mexican-American children is higher than in non-Hispanic white children. Binational studies conducted in US immigrant and Mexican communities can provide a unique perspective on factors that may be related to childhood obesity. This dissertation presents the findings from a cross-sectional, binational study, conducted from April to December 2006. The sample included families with children ages one to six years, living in immigrant households in Ventura County, California (US) with a similar cohort of children, living in the municipality of Cueramaro, Guanajuato (MX), where out-migration is common. The interview included items to collect data on demographic characteristics; household food security; infant and child feeding practices; maternal perception of the child's diet and weight; a 30-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); and a 24-hour dietary recall (DR). Also weight and height (or length for younger children) was measured on all children one to six years living in the household to calculate the body mass index-for-age z-scores (BMIZ) and the height-for-age z-scores (HAZ), indicators of body fatness and linear growth, respectively. The final sample includes 95 families in US and 200 families in MX. The present work includes four chapters. The first is a literature review that examines biological, family and community-level factors contributing to the development of childhood overweight and obesity among Mexican-American populations. The second chapter compares maternal perceptions and concerns; infant and child feeding practices; and growth status among US and MX populations. The third chapter identifies differences in child feeding strategies and dietary intakes across populations and also examines associations between feeding strategies and dietary intakes. The final chapter examines potential mechanisms through which country of residence is associated with childhood overweight among families in MX and US. Specifically, the study examines evidence for the hypothesis that food security mediates the relationship between country of residence and childhood obesity. Results of the analyses provide evidence that the prevalence of low and very low food security is significantly higher in the MX than in the US sample. Overweight and obesity is significantly higher among the US children compared to their counterparts in MX. There are also differences in child eating patterns and maternal concerns about their child's weight among countries. Based on the FFQ, children in the US, compared to children in MX, consume more pizza, hot dogs, hamburgers, instant noodles, ready-to-eat cereal, and American cheese and less fried beans, corn tortillas, and rice. However children in MX, compared with children in US, consume soda more often. Based on the 24-DR, there are few differences in most of the macro or micronutrient intakes. In examining the relationship between feeding strategies and nutrients intakes; children who ask for food/beverages or take food from the refrigerator or pantry between meals, have significantly higher intakes of total and animal protein. Children, whose mothers use food or beverages to calm his or her child, have significantly higher intakes of saturated fatty acids. Food security status is significantly related to BMIZ using different scales for food security. In the regression models to evaluate the mediation effect of food security on the country and BMIZ, food security does not remain significant in the models. However, after adjusting for household size and maternal education, about 15% of the relationship between country and BMIZ is explained by food insecurity, a Mexican dietary pattern, and maternal feeding strategies.
Author: Monica Iolanda Morello Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 38
Book Description
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of parent acculturation on child fruit and vegetable consumption and obesity, as measured by BMI, among Mexican American and other Hispanic families. Mexican Americans make up the largest sub-group of Hispanics in the U.S. and account for a large proportion of the prevalence of overweight and obesity. There is a need to understand the influences of acculturation among Mexican American and other Hispanic families in order to reduce and prevent childhood obesity among this population in the U.S. Secondary baseline data from a randomized controlled trial was analyzed for this study. The study took place in San Diego County, California. Participants consisted of a total of 541 families with a child between the ages of 5 and 8 years old who spoke English or Spanish and lived within up to three miles from a local community recreation center. Only Mexican American or other Hispanic individuals were included in the present study, yielding a final sample size of 250 participants. Height and weight measurements were collected to calculate the age- and sex-specific BMI for each child and parent. Self-administered surveys were given to parents and included questions on basic demographics, acculturation, and child fruit and vegetable consumption. Over half (56.4%) of the parents were born in Mexico; 86.8% of the children were born in the U.S. Parent acculturation scores ranged from 4 to 32 with a mean of 16.41 (SD=9.25); child acculturation scores ranged from 1 to 5 with a mean of 3.53 (SD=0.81). The bivariate results indicated that the outcome variable of child BMI z score was related to the main predictor variable of parent acculturation at the 0.20 significance level. At the same significance level, the outcome variable of child fruit consumption was associated with parent acculturation (p=0.01). After controlling for parent acculturation and parent birth place, child BMI z score remained significantly related to parent BMI (p
Author: Stephen Castles Publisher: ISBN: 9780230355767 Category : POLITICAL SCIENCE Languages : en Pages : 401
Book Description
This leading text in the field provides a comprehensive assessment of the nature, extent and dimensions of international population movements and of their consequences. Thoroughly revised and updated, the 5th edition assesses the impact of the global economic crisis for migration and includes new material on climate change and migration.
Author: Mattias Lundberg Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 0821395475 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 319
Book Description
The successful development of children and young people requires that we protect and nurture a set of interrelated physiological, cognitive, and socio-emotional systems. What happens to these systems in early life can have long-term consequences and can even carry over to the next generation. The impact of economic crises on human development is similarly complex and heterogeneous. Some families and some young people display astonishing resilience – either by being comparatively unscathed by crises or by their ability to recover quickly and healthily. Other families and individuals may be unable to prevent exposure, unable to protect themselves, or may not have the same capacity to adapt positively when exposed to a crisis, with potentially serious long-term consequences for healthy development. Human development lies at the intersections of neurology and sociology, genetics and psychology, biology and economics; and this volume approaches the study of shocks and human development from a variety of disciplinary perspectives: economics, sociology, anthropology, and social and developmental psychology. This volume describes the impact of aggregate shocks on human development, and the subtle and intricate settings and pathways through which individuals can be affected. Depending on the timing, duration, transmission mechanisms, and context, the consequences for children's physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development may be costly and irreversible. Fortunately, although children suffer in adversity, they can also benefit positively when exposed to enriching environments. We need to develop and implement effective interventions to prevent the worst consequences of exposure to shocks, and to assist families and young people to recover. This volume explores what we know about protecting young people from lasting harm and promoting healthy development through a crisis. This volume is intended for policymakers, civil society, and others engaged in promoting and protecting human development and in designing and implementing safety nets during crisis. This is a novel approach as it incorporates the experiences from such diverse disciplines to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions that define human development.
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Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Julio Garry Guerrero
Author: Carolyn Zambrano
Author: Luz Elvia Vera-Becerra
Author: Monica Iolanda Morello
Author: Stephen Castles
Author: Avery Cohn
Author: Debra de Silva
Author: Mattias Lundberg