Ludwig Boltzmann Principien der Naturfilosofi PDF Download

Author: Ilse M. Fasol-Boltzmann
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642750830
Category : Science
Languages : de
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Ludwig Boltzmann war wegen seiner philosophischen Vortrlige und seiner Vor­ lesungen tiber Naturphilosophie, die er in Nachfolge von Ernst Mach aufgrund eines gesonderten Lehrauftrags an der Universitlit Wien hielt, zum Teil star­ ker Kritik durch zeitgenossische Philosophen ausgesetzt. Die splitere Generation jedoch konnte sich insbesondere tiber die Vorlesungen zur Naturphilosophie kei­ nen eigenen Eindruck mehr verschaffen, denn diese galten bis heute als ver­ schollen. Bekannt wurde lediglich der "Antrittsvortrag zur Naturphilosophie", veroffentlicht u. a. in Boltzmanns "Populliren Schriften". Die im Wintersemester 1903/04 begonnenen und bis 1905 gehaltenen Vorlesungen basierten auf steno­ graphischen Vorbereitungen unterschiedlicher Ausftihrlichkeit, die offensichtlich nur Boltzmann selbst lesen konnte. Diese Stenogramme befanden sich im Famili­ enbesitz ebenso wie eine sorgfliltig ausgeflihrte langschriftliche Ausarbeitung der Vortrlige im Wintersemester 1903/04. Nach AbschluB meiner Arbeiten zur Tran­ skription aller die Naturphilosophie betreffenden stenographischen Aufzeichnun­ gen kann ich nun diese Texte gemeinsam mit der zeitgenossischen Ausarbeitung der Offentlichkeit vorlegen. Damit wird es nach 85 lahren wieder moglich, sich mit Ludwig Boltzmann als Naturphilosoph auseinanderzusetzen. Nach meiner Transkription verblieben zunlichst noch manche Unklarheiten und Lticken, deren Beseitigung nur durch die Sachkunde von Philosophen und Physikern moglich war. Es ist mir deshalb ein inniges Bediirfnis, flir diese wertvollen Hilfen dem Professor (em. ) flir mathematische Logik an der Ruhr­ Universitiit Bochum, Herrn Dr. phil. A. Menne, und Herrn Dr. H. Rechenberg yom Max-Planck-Institut fiir Physik und Astrophysik in Mtinchen sehr herzlich zu danken. Herrn Professor Stephen G. Brush, Ph. D.

Author: J.T. Blackmore
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401704899
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 286

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2 But already he had done important work on thermal equilibrium which helped generalize Maxwell's distribution law. Indeed, there is part of a letter by James Clerk Maxwell to Loschmidt from this period which runs: "I am very pleased over the outstanding work of your student; in England experi mental physics is much neglected. Sir William Thomson has done the most in this connection, but you [in Austria] are ahead of us with your good example. "2 But while praise was fine, Boltzmann lusted after further travel. He wanted to know what other physicists were doing first hand. In 1870 he attended lectures by Bunsen and Konigsberger in Heid elberg, and in the same year went to Berlin only to scurry back to Vienna with the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, but Boltzmann was back in Berlin the next year attending lectures, visiting laboratories, and working on dielectricity more or less under the direction of Kirchhhoff and Helmholtz.

Author: Ludwig Boltzmann
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : de
Pages : 404

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Ludwig Boltzmanns bekannte Vorlesung ueber Naturfilosofi von 1903-1906 wird hier zum ersten Mal der A-ffentlichkeit vorgestellt. Der Autor behandelt grundlegende Konzepte der Mathematik (Zahlenlehre und Geometrie), er diskutiert physikalische Begriffe wie Materie, Raum-Zeit, KrA1/4mmung des Universums, sowie den Farbenraum. Daneben findet man philosophische Betrachtungen, vor allem eine ausfA1/4hrliche Auseinandersetzung mit Schopenhauer, und Bemerkungen zu den schAnen KA1/4nsten. Der Vorlesung vorangestellt ist eine kurze, reich bebilderte Biographie, ein Essay von S.G. Brush A1/4ber Boltzmann und eine EinfA1/4hrung in die Vorlesung von G. Fasol.

Author: David Lindley
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1501142674
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 266

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In 1900 many eminent scientists did not believe atoms existed, yet within just a few years the atomic century launched into history with an astonishing string of breakthroughs in physics that began with Albert Einstein and continues to this day. Before this explosive growth into the modern age took place, an all-but-forgotten genius strove for forty years to win acceptance for the atomic theory of matter and an altogether new way of doing physics. Ludwig Boltz-mann battled with philosophers, the scientific establishment, and his own potent demons. His victory led the way to the greatest scientific achievements of the twentieth century. Now acclaimed science writer David Lindley portrays the dramatic story of Boltzmann and his embrace of the atom, while providing a window on the civilized world that gave birth to our scientific era. Boltzmann emerges as an endearingly quixotic character, passionately inspired by Beethoven, who muddled through the practical matters of life in a European gilded age. Boltzmann's story reaches from fin de siècle Vienna, across Germany and Britain, to America. As the Habsburg Empire was crumbling, Germany's intellectual might was growing; Edinburgh in Scotland was one of the most intellectually fertile places on earth; and, in America, brilliant independent minds were beginning to draw on the best ideas of the bureaucratized old world. Boltzmann's nemesis in the field of theoretical physics at home in Austria was Ernst Mach, noted today in the term Mach I, the speed of sound. Mach believed physics should address only that which could be directly observed. How could we know that frisky atoms jiggling about corresponded to heat if we couldn't see them? Why should we bother with theories that only told us what would probably happen, rather than making an absolute prediction? Mach and Boltzmann both believed in the power of science, but their approaches to physics could not have been more opposed. Boltzmann sought to explain the real world, and cast aside any philosophical criteria. Mach, along with many nineteenth-century scientists, wanted to construct an empirical edifice of absolute truths that obeyed strict philosophical rules. Boltzmann did not get on well with authority in any form, and he did his best work at arm's length from it. When at the end of his career he engaged with the philosophical authorities in the Viennese academy, the results were personally disastrous and tragic. Yet Boltzmann's enduring legacy lives on in the new physics and technology of our wired world. Lindley's elegant telling of this tale combines the detailed breadth of the best history, the beauty of theoretical physics, and the psychological insight belonging to the finest of novels.

Author: Stephen G Brush
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1783261056
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 664

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This book introduces physics students and teachers to the historical development of the kinetic theory of gases, by providing a collection of the most important contributions by Clausius, Maxwell and Boltzmann, with introductory surveys explaining their significance. In addition, extracts from the works of Boyle, Newton, Mayer, Joule, Helmholtz, Kelvin and others show the historical context of ideas about gases, energy and irreversibility. In addition to five thematic essays connecting the classical kinetic theory with 20th century topics such as indeterminism and interatomic forces, there is an extensive international bibliography of historical commentaries on kinetic theory, thermodynamics, etc. published in the past four decades.The book will be useful to historians of science who need primary and secondary sources to be conveniently available for their own research and interpretation, along with the bibliography which makes it easier to learn what other historians have already done on this subject.

Author: George N. Saridis
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9810245513
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 148

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This book attempts to couple control engineering with modern developments in science, through the concept of entropy. Such disciplines as intelligent machines, economics, manufacturing, environmental systems, waste etc. can be favorably affected and their performance can be improved or their catastrophic effects minimized. Entropy is used as the unifying measure of the various, seemingly disjoint, disciplines to represent the cost of producing work that improves the standard of living, both in engineering and in science. Modeling is done through probabilistic methods, thus establishing the irreversibility of the processes involved. This is in accordance with the modern view of science. In addition, the behavior of control for an arbitrary but fixed controller away from the optimal (equilibrium) has been obtained, the analytic expression of which should lead to chaotic solutions. The control activity is explained, based on the principle that control is making a system do what we want it to do. This helps to relate control theory with the sciences.

Author: Brian McGuinness
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134968078
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 316

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Bringing together for the first time many of the finest published and unpublished papers by Ludwig Wittgenstein, this text illuminates his philosophy by placing it in its biographical, cultural and historical context.

Author: John Scales Avery
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9811250383
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 329

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This highly interdisciplinary book discusses the phenomenon of life, including its origin and evolution, against the background of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and information theory. Among the central themes is the seeming contradiction between the second law of thermodynamics and the high degree of order and complexity produced by living systems. As the author shows, this paradox has its resolution in the information content of the Gibbs free energy that enters the biosphere from outside sources. Another focus of the book is the role of information in human cultural evolution, which is also discussed with the origin of human linguistic abilities. One of the final chapters addresses the merging of information technology and biotechnology into a new discipline — bioinformation technology.This third edition has been updated to reflect the latest scientific and technological advances. Professor Avery makes use of the perspectives of famous scholars such as Professor Noam Chomsky and Nobel Laureates John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser and Edward Moser to cast light on the evolution of human languages. The mechanism of cell differentiation, and the rapid acceleration of information technology in the 21st century are also discussed.With various research disciplines becoming increasingly interrelated today, Information Theory and Evolution provides nuance to the conversation between bioinformatics, information technology, and pertinent social-political issues. This book is a welcome voice in working on the future challenges that humanity will face as a result of scientific and technological progress.

Author: Karl Sigmund
Publisher: Basic Books
ISBN: 0465096964
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 491

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A dazzling group biography of the early twentieth-century thinkers who transformed the way the world thought about math and science Inspired by Albert Einstein's theory of relativity and Bertrand Russell and David Hilbert's pursuit of the fundamental rules of mathematics, some of the most brilliant minds of the generation came together in post-World War I Vienna to present the latest theories in mathematics, science, and philosophy and to build a strong foundation for scientific investigation. Composed of such luminaries as Kurt Gö and Rudolf Carnap, and stimulated by the works of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Karl Popper, the Vienna Circle left an indelible mark on science. Exact Thinking in Demented Times tells the often outrageous, sometimes tragic, and never boring stories of the men who transformed scientific thought. A revealing work of history, this landmark book pays tribute to those who dared to reinvent knowledge from the ground up.

Author: Stephen Houlgate
Publisher: State University of New York Press
ISBN: 1438407106
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 392

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Hegel and the Philosophy of Nature is an important new study of Hegel's profound philosophical account of the natural world. It examines Hegel's alleged idealism, his concepts of space and time, the conception of speculative geometry, his critical engagement with Kant's Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, his critique of Newtonian science, his concept of evolution, the notion of Aufhebung, and his infamous theory of planetary objects. The book confirms that, far from being surpassed by nineteenth- and twentieth-century scientific developments, Hegel's philosophy of nature continues to have great significance for our understanding of the natural world. [Contributors include Daniel O. Dahlstrom, Olivier Depré, Mauro Nasti De Vincentis, Brigitte Falkenburg, Cinzia Ferrini, Edward Halper, Errol E. Harris, William Maker, Lawrence S. Stepelevich, Donald Phillip Verene, Kenneth R. Westphal, and Richard Dien Winfield.]