Localization and Characterization of Quantitative Trait Loci for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat by Means of Molecular Markers PDF Download

Author: Mahmoud El-Zaabalawy Mahmoud El-Badawy
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Languages : en
Pages : 112

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Languages : en
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The fusarium head blight (FHB) mapping population consisted of 180 F3 families developed from a cross between the variety "Apollo" (moderately susceptible) and the breeding line "Sgv. NB x MM. Sum3" (resistant). The FHB severity was evaluated in five locations. At the same time, two other traits namely, plant height and heading date were recorded to determine their correlation to FHB disease resistance. The map was constructed using the data of 227 molecular markers AFLP, RFLP and SSR on the 180 F3 families. The base map spans 1656,7 cM. The individual QTLs for FHB resistance, plant height and heading date were identified by the CIM analysis using the PLABQTL programe. Averaged over five different environments, four QTLs were detected for FHB resistance on 5AS, 3BS, 6BS and 7BS/5BL where they explained 37.0% of the phenotypic variance. In this study, three QTLs were detected for plant height on chromosomes 3BS, 6BS and 7BS/5BL. As for heading date, sixs QTLs were identified on chromosomes 3A, 6AL, 2BL, 4BL, 6BL and 7BS/5BL. The QTL on chromosome 7BS/5BL was located at a close support interval to the QTLs for shorter plant height, early heading date and higher FHB resistance. In the population under study, selection for FHB resistance genotypes can be done through marker-assisted selection (MAS) for the QTLs on the chromosomes 3BS, 5AL and 7BS/5BL.

Author: Umara Sahar Rana
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Languages : en
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Fusarium head blight (FHB), also known as 'scab', incited by Fusarium graminearum (Schw), is one of the most damaging fungal diseases in wheat. FHB reduces grain yield drastically, but also grain quality due to shriveled kernels, protein damage, and mycotoxin contamination caused by the fungal infection. Host plant resistance is the most effective and environmentally safe approach to combat this disease. To identify resistance genes from locally adapted cultivars, a population of 178 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from Overland × Everest was genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). The RIL population was phenotyped for resistance to the initial infection (type I), fungal spread within a spike (type II), mycotoxin (DON) accumulation in grains (type III) and Fusarium damaged kernel (type IV) in repeated greenhouse and field experiments. Seven QTLs were identified on chromosome arms 1AL, 3BL, 4BS, 4BL, 6AL, 6BL 7AS and 7BL for type I resistance. Hard winter wheat cultivar Everest contributes all the resistance alleles except two on chromosome arms 4BS and 6BL, which are contributed by hard winter wheat cultivar Overland. Six QTLs on chromosome regions of 1BL, 4A, 4BS, 5AL, 6BL and 7AS confer type II resistance with the resistance QTLs on 1BL, 4BS, 6BL and 7AS from Everest and on 4A, 4BS, and 5AL from Overland. The type II QTL on chromosome 4BS is overlapped with the reduced height gene Rht-B1. QTLs for type III resistance were mapped on 4BS and 5AL while QTLs for type IV resistance were mapped on chromosome 4BS, 5AL and 7AS and they overlapped with type II resistance in the corresponding chromosome regions. The haplotype analysis showed that genotypes containing multiple QTLs showed significantly higher resistance than those with fewer or no QTLs, indicating that these QTLs have additive effects on FHB resistance. Type I FHB resistance was poorly characterized in the literature. The current study demonstrated that Everest carries several QTLs for type I resistance, thus is a useful native source for type I resistance. Some SNP markers tightly linked with the QTLs for different types of resistance were successfully converted into Kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) assays and could be used in marker-assisted breeding for FHB resistance in wheat.

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Languages : en
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A dominant powdery mildew resistance gene transferred to the hexaploid germplasm line NC99BGTAG11 from T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum was mapped distally on the long arm of chromosome 7A. Differential reactions were observed between the resistance gene in NC99BGTAG11, the resistance gene in NC96BGTA4, and the alleles of the Pm1 locus that are also located on chromosome arm 7AL. Observed segregation in F2:3 lines from the cross NC99BGTAG11 x Axminster (Pm1a) and from the cross NC99BGTAG11 x NC96BGTA4 demonstrate that germplasm line NC99BGTAG11 carries a novel powdery mildew resistance gene, which is now designated as Pm37. Analyses of the population with molecular markers indicate that Pm37 is located 16 cM proximal to the Pm1 complex. However, further identification of linked markers is necessary to resolve the location of the resistance gene in NC96BGTA4. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers Xgwm332 and Xwmc790 were located 0.5 cM proximal and distal, respectively, to Pm37. Two new EST-derived STS markers were located distal to Pm37 and one marker was closely linked to the Pm1a region. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) have been mapped in the Chinese cv. Sumai 3 and its derivatives (on 3BS, 5AS, and 6BS), in Wuhan 1 (on 2D and 4B), and in the soft winter (SW) wheat cv. Ernie (on 4BL, 5A, and 3BSc). In this study, we selected 48 molecular markers near or at FHB resistance QTL mapped in Sumai 3, Wuhan 1 and Ernie to haplotype 245 soft winter wheat lines and to evaluate the use of these markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS). Based on the marker data, entries were grouped into 6 main clusters that generally represented breeding programs and/or geographic origin. The Chinese cultivars having the Fhb1 resistance gene were grouped separately from all other entries. The Xsts3B-256 and Xgwm533 markers can be clearly used to identify lines with the Fhb1 resistance gene. The haplotypes at these loci, along with the 3BSc region.

Author: Edmund Andrew Quirin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 167

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Author: Abdulrahman Hashimi
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Languages : en
Pages :

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the devastating wheat diseases worldwide. It reduces not only yield, but also grain quality due to mycotoxins produced by the pathogen Fusarium graminearum. To identify consistent quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for FHB resistance in two US winter wheat 'CI13227' and 'Lyman', we genotyped a double haploid (DH) population from '' x 'CI13227' X 'Lakin' using Illumina wheat 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips and two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations from 'Lyman'x 'Overley' and 'Lyman'x 'CI13227' using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and evaluated the three populations for FHB type II resistance in greenhouse and field experiments. QTL mapping identified four QTLs on chromosomes 4BS, 5AL, 2DS and 7A in the 'CI13227' x 'Lakin' population, which explained 8-17% of the phenotypic variation in different experiments. The QTL on 4BS from CI13227 showed the largest effect among QTLs detected in the 'CI13227' x 'Lakin' population and were consistently detected in three experiments. 'CI13227' contributed the resistance alleles at QTLs on 2DS and 7A, whereas 'Lakin' contributed the resistance allele at 5AL QTL. The 7A QTL was detected in only one experiment. The QTLs on the chromosomes 4B and 2D showed a high correlation with plant height, suggesting a linked genes or pleiotropic effect of these QTLs. In the 'Lyman'/'Overley' population, six QTLs were located on the chromosomes 1A, 2A, 3A, 1B, 2B and 4B, and explained 5.5 -21% of the phenotypic variations for type II resistance. The QTL on 3A from 'Lyman' showed the largest effects and detected in two greenhouses experiments. Significant correlation was not detected between the PSS and plant height in this population. In the 'Lyman'/'CI13227' population, four QTLs were detected with two QTLs on chromosomes 1A and 7A from 'CI13227' and chromosomes 2B and 3A from 'Lyman' and QTLs on 7A from 'CI13227' and 2B and 3A from 'Lyman' confirmed the results from the previous two populations. Markers for the repeatable QTLs were converted into Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers for marker-assisted breeding to pyramid these QTLs in U.S. winter wheat.

Author: Jichun Tian
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401774471
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 338

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While focusing on various interactions between trait genes/QTL and dynamic expressions of conditional QTL genes, this book also discusses aspects of molecular marker-assisted breeding, and applications of molecular markers associated with yield, quality, physiology and disease resistance in wheat. It covers QTL studies in wheat breeding and presents the available information on wheat MAS breeding. This volume provides a wealth of novel information, a wide range of applications and deep insights into crop genetics and molecular breeding, which is valuable not only for plant breeders but also for academic faculties, senior researchers and advanced graduate students who are involved in plant breeding and genetics. Dr. Jichun Tian is a professor at the Department of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China.

Author: Dhananjay Dhokane
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Category :
Languages : en
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"Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. FHB not only cause serious losses in yield but also significantly deteriorates the quality of grains by contaminating them with health hazardous mycotoxins. Plant resistance is considered as the most sustainable and effective strategy to manage FHB and to reduce the accumulation of mycotoxins. However, lack of effective and precise phenotyping methods and limited understanding of the genetics of FHB resistance has hindered the development of resistant cultivars. Resistance to FHB in wheat is quantitative; therefore more than 100 quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified and mapped on all chromosomes in wheat. QTL-Fhb2 is the second major QTL that confers high levels of resistance to the spread of Fusarium graminearum (Fg) within a spike through the rachis. However, the genes underlying the QTL and the mechanisms of resistance are still not elucidated.The phenotyping method was improved by developing a qPCR based protocol to precisely quantify the levels of FHB resistance among genotypes, including bleaching symptoms, following single floret inoculation under greenhouse conditions. We used Fg Tri6 gene specific primers to identify the copy number of Tri6 gene in the samples collected after Fg inoculation. The higher copy numbers of Tri6 correlates to higher Fg biomass and more the susceptibility of the genotype to FHB. Based on the protocol developed, we report that the qPCR based method is more sensitive and precise in discriminating genotypes varying in their levels to FHB resistance compared to disease severity analysis. Further, recombinant inbred lines (RILs), carrying resistant (R-RIL) and susceptible (S-RIL) alleles of QTL-Fhb2 were subjected to metabolome and transcriptome profiling following Fg and distilled water (mock) inoculation, to identify candidate genes localized within the QTL-Fhb2. Integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic datasets, we have identified six candidate genes localized within the QTL-Fhb2. The candidate genes localized within the QTL are, 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL), callose synthase (CS), basic Helix Loop Helix (bHLH041) transcription factor, glutathione S-transferase (GST), ABC transporter-4 (ABC4) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). Based on these findings, we report that the QTL-Fhb2 likely confers FHB resistance through combined effect of cell wall reinforcement and Deoxynivalenol (DON) detoxification.Furthermore, a Ta4CL3 gene localized within the QTL-Fhb2 was functionally characterized using virus induced gene silencing and the resistance functions were proven by analyzing disease severity, fungal biomass and metabolic profiles of silenced and non-silenced control plants. Taken together, we report that Ta4CL3 contributes to resistance against the spread of Fg within a spike likely by reinforcing the cell walls, through the deposition of hydroxycinnamic acid amides, lignin and lignans." --

Author: Jin Cai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease in wheat, reducing not only grain yield but also quality. The pathogen produces the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) that induces severe toxicological problems in human and animals. Using host resistance has been the most efficient way to control the disease. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for FHB resistance in Chinese landrace Haiyanzhong (HYZ), a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from a cross between HYZ and Wheaton was developed. The RILs were evaluated for percentage of symptomatic spikelets (PSS) in three greenhouse experiments, and genotyped using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) developed from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Eight QTLs were identified for type II (PSS) resistance on chromosomes 5A, 6B, 7D, 2B (2), 3B, 4B, and 4D, with 5A as the major QTL. Ten SNPs closely linked to 5A, 6B, and 2B QTLs were successfully converted to Kompetitave allelic specific PCR (KASP) assays. To identify common QTLs across different populations, we constructed high-density GBS-SNP maps in an additional four RIL populations derived from the Chinese landraces, Wangshuibai (WSB), Baishanyuehuang (BSYH), Huangfangzhu (HFZ), and Huangchandou (HCD) and conducted meta-analysis of the QTLs for FHB resistance using a consensus map developed from the five populations. We identified six MQTLs on chromosomes 3BS (2), 3A, 3D, 2D, and 4D and 23 tightly linked GBS-SNPs to the MQTLs. These GBS-SNPs were successfully converted to KASPs. The KASPs linked to MQTLs can be used for pyramiding these QTL in breeding programs. To quickly reduce FHB damage in U.S. hard winter wheat (HWW), we transferred Fhb1, a major QTL with stable effects on FHB resistance, from Ning7840 into three adapted HWW cultivars Overland, Jagger, and Overley, by marker-assisted backcross (MAB), and assessed the effect of Fhb1 on FHB resistance in these different backgrounds. The results showed that Fhb1 can significantly lower FHB severity, Fusarium-damaged kernel (FDK), and DON accumulation in the all the three HWW backgrounds. Some of the selected lines showed high levels of FHB resistance, but agronomically similar traits as recurrent parents, can be used as resistant parents to improve HWW FHB resistance.

Author: Jichun Tian
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401773904
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 550

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The book mainly describes the QTL mappings and efficacy analyses that are associated with wheat productivity, quality, physiology and various stress resistances and provides summaries of results from studies conducted both at home and abroad. It presents comparable data and analyses, helping readers to arrive at a more comprehensive understanding of the latest development in this field. The book provides a wealth of novel information, broad range of applications and in-depth findings on crop genetics and molecular breeding, making it valuable not only for plant breeders but also for academic faculties, senior researchers and advanced graduate students who are involved in plant breeding and genetics. Dr. Jichun Tian is a professor at the Department of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China.