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Book Description
L'agriculture de l'Afrique subsaharienne est de faible productivité. Son développement stagne tandis que la croissance démographique est alarmante. Cette situation résulte de contraintes agro-écologiques, notamment de la pauvreté naturelle des sols, d'un climat difficile, cause d'une saison de croissance peu certaine et d'une faible contribution des plantes pérennes ne permettant pas le maintien d'un taux suffisant de matières organiques dans le sol. L'utilisation des engrais s'avère indispensable pour lutter contre l'épuisement des sols, assurer la sécurité alimentaire et faire de l'agriculture un des moteurs du développement économique. A ces éléments structurels, s'ajoute l'état des infrastructures et des réseaux de distribution qui multiplient les coûts et mettent en péril la compétitivité de l'agriculture tant sur le marché national que face aux marchés mondiaux. Ce livre propose une approche permettant de résoudre ou de contourner ces problèmes. Il présente l'éco-intensification, définie comme une intégration des éléments de l'agriculture intensive, basée sur l'utilisation d'engrais et autres intrants externes, source d'une augmentation des rendements, et de l'agriculture écologique. Un deuxième élément est l'intégration agriculture élevage comme outil de rentabilisation des intrants externes. Ces deux outils et leur efficacité respective sont analysés en détail d'un point de vue technique en lien avec les conditions socio-économiques de la région. La diversité des approches et des résultats de recherches présentée dans cet ouvrage donnera au lecteur un aperçu global des multiples efforts déployés en matière d'intensification. Il apporte aussi une série d'outils utilisés pour les investigations en matière d'intensification et de stratégies de gestion adéquate des ressources naturelles. Il est particulièrement destiné aux chercheurs, techniciens, décideurs, impliqués dans la promotion d'un développement agricole durable en Afrique au sud du Sahara.
Book Description
L'agriculture de l'Afrique subsaharienne est de faible productivité. Son développement stagne tandis que la croissance démographique est alarmante. Cette situation résulte de contraintes agro-écologiques, notamment de la pauvreté naturelle des sols, d'un climat difficile, cause d'une saison de croissance peu certaine et d'une faible contribution des plantes pérennes ne permettant pas le maintien d'un taux suffisant de matières organiques dans le sol. L'utilisation des engrais s'avère indispensable pour lutter contre l'épuisement des sols, assurer la sécurité alimentaire et faire de l'agriculture un des moteurs du développement économique. A ces éléments structurels, s'ajoute l'état des infrastructures et des réseaux de distribution qui multiplient les coûts et mettent en péril la compétitivité de l'agriculture tant sur le marché national que face aux marchés mondiaux. Ce livre propose une approche permettant de résoudre ou de contourner ces problèmes. Il présente l'éco-intensification, définie comme une intégration des éléments de l'agriculture intensive, basée sur l'utilisation d'engrais et autres intrants externes, source d'une augmentation des rendements, et de l'agriculture écologique. Un deuxième élément est l'intégration agriculture élevage comme outil de rentabilisation des intrants externes. Ces deux outils et leur efficacité respective sont analysés en détail d'un point de vue technique en lien avec les conditions socio-économiques de la région. La diversité des approches et des résultats de recherches présentée dans cet ouvrage donnera au lecteur un aperçu global des multiples efforts déployés en matière d'intensification. Il apporte aussi une série d'outils utilisés pour les investigations en matière d'intensification et de stratégies de gestion adéquate des ressources naturelles. Il est particulièrement destiné aux chercheurs, techniciens, décideurs, impliqués dans la promotion d'un développement agricole durable en Afrique au sud du Sahara.
Author: Bernard Vanlauwe Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136292276 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 335
Book Description
There is an urgent need to increase agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan Africa in a sustainable and economically-viable manner. Transforming risk-averse smallholders into business-oriented producers that invest in producing surplus food for sale provides a formidable challenge, both from a technological and socio-political perspective. This book addresses the issue of agricultural intensification in the humid highland areas of Africa – regions with relatively good agricultural potential, but where the scarce land resources are increasingly under pressure from the growing population and from climate change. In addition to introductory and synthesis chapters, the book focuses on four themes: system components required for agricultural intensification; the integration of components at the system level; drivers for adoption of technologies towards intensification; and the dissemination of complex knowledge. It provides case studies of improved crop and soil management for staple crops such as cassava and bananas, as well as examples of how the livelihoods of rural people can be improved. The book provides a valuable resource for researchers, development actors, students and policy makers in agricultural systems and economics and in international development. It highlights and addresses key challenges and opportunities that exist for sustainable agricultural intensification in the humid highlands of sub-Saharan Africa.
Author: Le Zwarts Publisher: BRILL ISBN: 9004278125 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 564
Book Description
'Living on the Edge' examines the function of the Sahel region of Africa as an important wintering area for long-distance migrant birds. It describes the challenges the birds have to cope with – climate change, of course, and rapid man-made habitat changes related to deforestation, irrigation and reclamation of wetlands. How have all these changes affected the birds, and have birds adapted to these changes? Can we explain the changing numbers of breeding birds in Europe by changes in the Sahel, or vice versa? Winner of the BB/BTO Best Bird Book Award 2010 The Jury commented: "It is a tremendous book in every department. It marks a step-change in our knowledge of the ecology of this critically important region in the European-African migration system and of the many species (familiar to us on their breeding grounds) that winter there. The authors combine the latest scientific information with vivid descriptions of landscapes and animals. Their book is richly illustrated with large numbers of drawings, maps and photographs by acclaimed experts. The wealth of coloured graphics has been particularly well thought out and encourages readers to delve into the figures and learn more about the region, rather than having the (all-too-common) opposite effect. Summing up, the jury praises not just the high quality of the texts, the information and the illustrations, but also the sheer pleasure of reading the book: "One of the key attributes of a good book is to be able to grip the reader's attention and transport him or her to another place. We feel confident that [Living on the edge] will have that effect."
Author: Reiner Wassmann Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401736049 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 274
Book Description
Production from tropical agricultural systems will need to increase to satisfy the rising food demand of an increasing population coupled with changes in consumption patterns. At the same time, the agricultural sector is a significant source of greenhouse gases (GHG) in many developing countries, which can be attributed mainly to land-use change and methane emissions from rice and livestock. But how can we reconcile less GHG emissions from tropical agricultural systems while increasing productivity? Due to the interactive nature of these issues, this book is compiled of articles on natural resource management, as well as the socio-economic aspects of GHG mitigation. The scope of mitigation options in tropical agriculture is discussed for three different activities: (a) agroforestry; (b) rice-based production systems; (c) pasture/animal husbandry. Agronomic solutions alone will not be sufficient, as the institutional and economic frameworks within which farmers operate dictate whether a recommended agronomic management practice is acceptable. The prevention of deforestation, and the re-forestation of degraded land, could become key elements to national climate protection programs of some developing countries. Alternative management practices in rice-based and pasture systems may offer win-win options to reduce emissions and improve resource-use efficiencies.
Author: Anil Shrestha Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781560221074 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 740
Book Description
Learn the fundamentals as well as in-depth details of agricultural cropping systems from around the globe! Cropping Systems: Trends and Advances is a comprehensive review of past and present research efforts in North America and other parts of the world. It brings together biological, economic, sociological, and technical aspects of cropping systems in a single source to provide a reference unlike any other on the subject that is available today. This valuable book also points to future directions that cropping systems research needs to take in order to increase sustainable agriculture and feed the growing world population. Charts, tables, and illustrations make the information easy to access and understand. An ideal textbook for graduate and undergraduate courses in agronomy as well as a comprehensive reference for professionals involved in cropping systems research, Cropping Systems: Trends and Advances is a book you’ll refer to again and again. Topics covered in this well-referenced and thoughtfully indexed book include: emerging trends in cropping systems research designing resource-efficient cropping systems soil quality and fertility tillage root dynamics water quality concerns nitrogen use efficiency precision agriculture agricultural biotechnology weed biology and management integrated pest management the important role that cover crops can play key indicators for assessing nitrogen use efficiency in cereal-based agroecosystems the implications of elevated carbon dioxide-induced changes in agroecosystem productivity and a great deal more!
Author: Publisher: CABI ISBN: 9780851998855 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 372
Book Description
Soil degradation and nutrient depletion have become serious threats to agricultural productivity in Africa. Soils cannot supply the quantities of nutrients required and yield levels decline rapidly once cropping commences. This book addresses these issues and includes papers from an international symposium held at Cotonou, Benin, October 9-12, 2000, organized by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria and the Department of Land Management of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. In five main parts it marks the end of a first phase of collaborative research on "Balanced Nutrient Management Systems for the Moist Savanna and Humid Forest Zones of Africa" and concludes with recommendations, providing essential reading for crop and soil scientists.
Author: Ian Scoones Publisher: Earthscan ISBN: 184977613X Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
Soils are critical to agriculture and, in turn, to food supply and livelihoods. Sustainable management of soils is crucial for a large proportion of the population of Africa. Contrary to many claims, soil fertility is improved and managed successfully by small-scale farmers there. Careful studies from widely different areas reveal how closely bound up soil management is with complex social, cultural and ecological factors - requiring a far more subtly tuned approach to development policy and practice. This work is a study of how the context of livelihood systems has to inform development policy and practice.
Author: A.L. Smit Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 366204188X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 590
Book Description
A comprehensive review of all modern methods for plant root research, both in the field and in the laboratory. It covers the effects of environmental interactions with root growth and function, focussing in particular on the assessment of root distribution and dynamics. It also describes and discusses the processing of root observations, analysis and modelling of root growth and architecture, root-image analysis, computer-assisted tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, a survey of the application of isotope techniques in root physiology is given.
Author: Henk Breman
Author: Henk Breman
Author: Bernard Vanlauwe
Author: 
Author: Le Zwarts
Author: Reiner Wassmann
Author: Anil Shrestha
Author: Instituut voor Agrobiologisch en Bodemvruchtbaarheidsonderzoek (Netherlands)
Author: 
Author: Ian Scoones
Author: A.L. Smit