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Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 536
Book Description
Evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by the use of four antiretroviral agents four DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors used in the treatment of cancer and an additional three pharmaceutical agents (hydroxyures phenolphthalein and vitamin K substances). The volume marks the first IARC evaluation of nucleoside analogs that act as antiviral agents. The evaluation responds in part to recent findings that zidovudine (AZT) an effective antiretroviral agent now being given to pregnant HIV-infected women to prevent maternal-to-fetal transmission of the virus is a transplacental carcinogen in mice. The opening monograph evaluates the carcinogenicity to humans of the antiretroviral nucleoside analogs zidovudine (AZT) zalcitabine (ddC) and didanosine (ddI) and the antiherpesvirus drug aciclovir. Of these aciclovir and didanosine could not be classified on the basis of available data. For zidovudine transplacental administration to mice resulted in an increased incidence and multiplicity of lung and liver tumours and in an increased incidence of female reproductive tract tumours in one study but not in another involving treatment at a lower dose. Despite observation of toxic effects in some studies of humans human carcinogenicity data were judged to provide inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Zidovudine was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Similar weaknesses in human carcinogenicity data for zalcitabine which consistently induces thymic lymphomas in mice resulted in its classification as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The second monograph evaluates four DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors: etoposide teniposide mitoxantrone and amsacrine. Of these etoposide - one of the most widely used and effective cytotoxic drugs in combination therapy - was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans and etoposide in combination with cisplatin and bleomycin was judged to be carcinogenic to humans. Teniposide was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans and mitoxantrone and amsacrine were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Of the three pharmaceutical agents evaluated in the final monograph hydroxyurea which is widely used in cancer treatment and increasingly in combination with didanosine in HIV infection could not be classified. Phenolphthalein a widely used laxative now being withdrawn from the market in many countries because of toxicological concerns was classified as possibly carcinogenic. Vitamin K substances could not be classified on the basis of available evidence.
Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 536
Book Description
Evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by the use of four antiretroviral agents four DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors used in the treatment of cancer and an additional three pharmaceutical agents (hydroxyures phenolphthalein and vitamin K substances). The volume marks the first IARC evaluation of nucleoside analogs that act as antiviral agents. The evaluation responds in part to recent findings that zidovudine (AZT) an effective antiretroviral agent now being given to pregnant HIV-infected women to prevent maternal-to-fetal transmission of the virus is a transplacental carcinogen in mice. The opening monograph evaluates the carcinogenicity to humans of the antiretroviral nucleoside analogs zidovudine (AZT) zalcitabine (ddC) and didanosine (ddI) and the antiherpesvirus drug aciclovir. Of these aciclovir and didanosine could not be classified on the basis of available data. For zidovudine transplacental administration to mice resulted in an increased incidence and multiplicity of lung and liver tumours and in an increased incidence of female reproductive tract tumours in one study but not in another involving treatment at a lower dose. Despite observation of toxic effects in some studies of humans human carcinogenicity data were judged to provide inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Zidovudine was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Similar weaknesses in human carcinogenicity data for zalcitabine which consistently induces thymic lymphomas in mice resulted in its classification as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The second monograph evaluates four DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors: etoposide teniposide mitoxantrone and amsacrine. Of these etoposide - one of the most widely used and effective cytotoxic drugs in combination therapy - was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans and etoposide in combination with cisplatin and bleomycin was judged to be carcinogenic to humans. Teniposide was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans and mitoxantrone and amsacrine were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Of the three pharmaceutical agents evaluated in the final monograph hydroxyurea which is widely used in cancer treatment and increasingly in combination with didanosine in HIV infection could not be classified. Phenolphthalein a widely used laxative now being withdrawn from the market in many countries because of toxicological concerns was classified as possibly carcinogenic. Vitamin K substances could not be classified on the basis of available evidence.
Author: Michael Phillips Publisher: Chelsea Green Publishing ISBN: 1931498911 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 362
Book Description
For decades fruit growers have sprayed their trees with toxic chemicals in an attempt to control a range of insect and fungal pests. Yet it is possible to grow apples responsibly, by applying the intuitive knowledge of our great-grandparents with the fruits of modern scientific research and innovation. Since The Apple Grower first appeared in 1998, orchardist Michael Phillips has continued his research with apples, which have been called "organic's final frontier." In this new edition of his widely acclaimed work, Phillips delves even deeper into the mysteries of growing good fruit with minimal inputs. Some of the cuttingedge topics he explores include: The use of kaolin clay as an effective strategy against curculio and borers, as well as its limitations Creating a diverse, healthy orchard ecosystem through understory management of plants, nutrients, and beneficial microorganisms How to make a small apple business viable by focusing on heritage and regional varieties, value-added products, and the "community orchard" model The author's personal voice and clear-eyed advice have already made The Apple Grower a classic among small-scale growers and home orchardists. In fact, anyone serious about succeeding with apples needs to have this updated edition on their bookshelf.
Author: Doreen Dodgen-Magee Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers ISBN: 9781538115848 Category : Technological innovations Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Americans engage with screens for more than ten hours a day, changing our brains, our relationships, and our personal lives. Here, Dodgen-Magee illuminates the effects of device overuse, and offers wisdom gleaned from personal stories, research, and anecdotes from youth, paren...
Author: Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa Publisher: ISBN: 9789535152682 Category : Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
This book is an example of a successful addition to the literature of bioengineering and processing control within the scientific world. The book is divided into twelve chapters covering: selected topics in food engineering, advances in food process engineering, food irradiation, food safety and quality, machine vision, control systems and economics processing. All chapters have been written by renowned professionals working in food engineering and related disciplines.
Author: Victoria L. Dunckley, MD Publisher: New World Library ISBN: 1608682854 Category : Family & Relationships Languages : en Pages : 386
Book Description
Increasing numbers of parents grapple with children who are acting out without obvious reason. Revved up and irritable, many of these children are diagnosed with ADHD, bipolar illness, autism, or other disorders but don’t respond well to treatment. They are then medicated, often with poor results and unwanted side effects. Based on emerging scientific research and extensive clinical experience, integrative child psychiatrist Dr. Victoria Dunckley has pioneered a four-week program to treat the frequent underlying cause, Electronic Screen Syndrome (ESS). Dr. Dunckley has found that everyday use of interactive screen devices — such as computers, video games, smartphones, and tablets — can easily overstimulate a child’s nervous system, triggering a variety of stubborn symptoms. In contrast, she’s discovered that a strict, extended electronic fast single-handedly improves mood, focus, sleep, and behavior, regardless of the child’s diagnosis. It also reduces the need for medication and renders other treatments more effective. Offered now in this book, this simple intervention can produce a life-changing shift in brain function and help your child get back on track — all without cost or medication. While no one in today’s connected world can completely shun electronic stimuli, Dr. Dunckley provides hope for parents who feel that their child has been misdiagnosed or inappropriately medicated, by presenting an alternative explanation for their child’s difficulties and a concrete plan for treating them.
Author: Ross Smith Stagg Publisher: ISBN: 9780646477770 Category : Spitfire (Fighter plane) Languages : en Pages : 124
Book Description
Spitfire pilot Ross Smith Stagg was one of 33 Allied airmen to defend Darwin against Japanese invasion on May 2, 1943. As one of 14 pilots shot down or experience mechanical failure in the ensuing battle, he parachuted into the sea 18 km from land, 100 km southwest of Darwin in the Fogg Bay area. He reached the shore in a dinghy. For the next 15 days he trudged through inhospitable country in a futile attempt to return to Strauss airbase. What should have been a few days walk turned into his worst possible nightmare as he stumbled aimlessly through mosquito and crocodile infested swamps. "It was almost six days I'd been without sleep, apart from a short period of unconsciousness and those few moments before I fell out of that tree," he said. " I became demented by the cavalcade of mosquitoes and hallucinating badly". His experience was only to worsen - he waded halfway across a tidal river to be confronted by a large saltie. Darwin historian John Haslett help Stagg map the original route by retracing his steps, even managing to relocate an American Kittyhawk Stagg found crashed in the middle of nowhere.
Author: Martin Gurri Publisher: Stripe Press ISBN: 1953953344 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 465
Book Description
How insurgencies—enabled by digital devices and a vast information sphere—have mobilized millions of ordinary people around the world. In the words of economist and scholar Arnold Kling, Martin Gurri saw it coming. Technology has categorically reversed the information balance of power between the public and the elites who manage the great hierarchical institutions of the industrial age: government, political parties, the media. The Revolt of the Public tells the story of how insurgencies, enabled by digital devices and a vast information sphere, have mobilized millions of ordinary people around the world. Originally published in 2014, The Revolt of the Public is now available in an updated edition, which includes an extensive analysis of Donald Trump’s improbable rise to the presidency and the electoral triumphs of Brexit. The book concludes with a speculative look forward, pondering whether the current elite class can bring about a reformation of the democratic process and whether new organizing principles, adapted to a digital world, can arise out of the present political turbulence.
Author: Steven Ricke Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128004045 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 466
Book Description
Food Safety: Emerging Issues, Technologies and Systems offers a systems approach to learning how to understand and address some of the major complex issues that have emerged in the food industry. The book is broad in coverage and provides a foundation for a practical understanding in food safety initiatives and safety rules, how to deal with whole-chain traceability issues, handling complex computer systems and data, foodborne pathogen detection, production and processing compliance issues, safety education, and more. Recent scientific industry developments are written by experts in the field and explained in a manner to improve awareness, education and communication of these issues. - Examines effective control measures and molecular techniques for understanding specific pathogens - Presents GFSI implementation concepts and issues to aid in implementation - Demonstrates how operation processes can achieve a specific level of microbial reduction in food - Offers tools for validating microbial data collected during processing to reduce or eliminate microorganisms in foods
Author: Montserrat Espiñeira Publisher: Woodhead Publishing ISBN: 0081003218 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 404
Book Description
Advances in Food Traceability Techniques and Technologies: Improving Quality Throughout the Food Chain covers in detail a topic of great importance to both the food industry which is obliged to provide clear and accurate labeling of their products and the government and other organizations which are tasked with verification of claims of food quality and safety. The traceability of food products is becoming ever more important as globalization continues to increase the complexity of food chains. Coverage in the book includes the wide range of technologies and techniques which have been utilized in the tracing of food products. In addition, the ways in which the misuse of food traceability will affect the quality of food is also covered throughout. The first part of the book introduces the concept of traceability in the food industry, highlighting advantages of a robust traceability and the difficulties involved in implementing them. The second part looks at the technologies used to trace products, and the third section reviews the legal requirements for food traceability in the EU, the US, and the rest of the world. The final section contains a number of case studies which evaluate how food traceability has been successfully implemented in various foods focusing on the quality of the food. - Provides a wide ranging overview of all recent advances in food traceability techniques and technologies - Presents case studies covering when food traceability techniques have been applied to a range of food stuffs - Covers the legal aspects of food traceability in the EU, the USA, and around the world
Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Author: Michael Phillips
Author: Doreen Dodgen-Magee
Author: Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa
Author: Victoria L. Dunckley, MD
Author: Ross Smith Stagg
Author: Martin Gurri 
Author: Steven Ricke
Author: Montserrat Espiñeira