Laser Spectroscopy of High Temperature Gases and Plasma PDF Download

Author: Y. Kuzyakov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Vladimir N. Ochkin
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527627510
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 630

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Written by a distinguished plasma scientist and experienced author, this up-to-date work comprehensively covers current methods and new developments and techniques, including non-equilibrium atomic and molecular plasma states, as well as such new applications as gas lasers. Containing numerous appendices with reference data indispensable for plasma spectroscopy, such as statistical weights and partition sums and diatomic molecules. For plasmaphysicists, spectroscopists, materials scientists and physical chemists. Appendix H is only available online.

Author: Stefan Welzel
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
ISBN: 3832523456
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 198

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Infrared laser absorption spectroscopy (IRLAS) employing both tuneable diode and quantum cascade lasers (TDLs, QCLs) has been applied with both high sensitivity and high time resolution to plasma diagnostics and trace gas measurements. TDLAS combined with a conventional White type multiple pass cell was used to detect up to 13 constituent molecular species in low pressure Ar/H2/N2/O2 and Ar/CH4/N2/O2 microwave discharges, among them the main products such as H2O, NH3, NO and CO, HCN respectively. The hydroxyl radical has been measured in the mid infrared (MIR) spectral range in-situ in both plasmas yielding number densities of between 1011 ... 1012 cm-3. Strong indications of surface dominated formation of either NH3 or N2O and NO were found in the H2-N2-O2 system. In methane containing plasmas a transition between deposition and etching conditions and generally an incomplete oxidation of the precursor were observed. The application of QCLs for IRLAS under low pressure conditions employing the most common tuning approaches has been investigated in detail. A new method of analysing absorption features quantitatively when the rapid passage effect is present is proposed. If power saturation is negligible, integrating the undisturbed half of the line profile yields accurate number densities without calibrating the system. By means of a time resolved analysis of individual chirped QCL pulses the main reasons for increased effective laser line widths could be identified. Apart from the well-known frequency down chirp non-linear absorption phenomena and bandwidth limitations of the detection system may significantly degrade the performance and accuracy of inter pulse spectrometers. The minimum analogue bandwidth of the entire system should normally not fall below 250 MHz. QCLAS using pulsed lasers has been used for highly time resolved measurements in reactive plasmas for the first time enabling a time resolution down to about 100 ns to be achieved. A temperature increase of typically less than 50 K has been established for pulsed DC discharges containing Ar/N2 and traces of NO. The main NO production and depletion reactions have been identified from a comparison of model calculations and time resolved measurements in plasma pulses of up to 100 ms. Considerable NO struction is observed after 5 ... 10 ms due to the impact of N atoms. Finally, thermoelectrically cooled pulsed and continuous wave (cw) QCLs have been employed for high finesse cavity absorption spectroscopy in the MIR. Cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) has been performed with pulsed QCLs and was found to be limited by the intrinsic frequency chirp of the laser suppressing an efficient intensity build-up inside the cavity. Consequently the accuracy and advantage of an absolute internal absorption calibration is not achievable. A room temperature cw QCL was used in a complementary cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) configuration which was equipped with different cavities of up to 1.3 m length. This spectrometer yielded path lengths of up to 4 km and a noise equivalent absorption down to 4 x 10-8 cm-1Hz-1/2. The corresponding molecular concentration detection limit (e.g. for CH4, N2O and C2H2 at 1303 cm-1/7.66 Aem) was generally below 1 x 1010 cm-3 for 1 s integration times and one order of magnitude less for 30 s integration times. The main limiting factor for achieving even higher sensitivity is the residual mode noise of the cavity. Employing a 0.5 m long cavity the achieved sensitivity was good enough for the selective measurement of trace atmospheric constituents at 2.2 mbar.

Author: Sangwoo Joo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon compounds
Languages : en
Pages : 308

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Author: Jagdish P. Singh
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080551017
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 455

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Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is basically an emission spectroscopy technique where atoms and ions are primarily formed in their excited states as a result of interaction between a tightly focused laser beam and the material sample. The interaction between matter and high-density photons generates a plasma plume, which evolves with time and may eventually acquire thermodynamic equilibrium. One of the important features of this technique is that it does not require any sample preparation, unlike conventional spectroscopic analytical techniques. Samples in the form of solids, liquids, gels, gases, plasmas and biological materials (like teeth, leaf or blood) can be studied with almost equal ease. LIBS has rapidly developed into a major analytical technology with the capability of detecting all chemical elements in a sample, of real- time response, and of close-contact or stand-off analysis of targets. The present book has been written by active specialists in this field, it includes the basic principles, the latest developments in instrumentation and the applications of LIBS . It will be useful to analytical chemists and spectroscopists as an important source of information and also to graduate students and researchers engaged in the fields of combustion, environmental science, and planetary and space exploration. * Recent research work* Possible future applications* LIBS Principles

Author: Hans-Joachim Kunze
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642022332
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 242

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Although based on lectures given for graduate students and postgraduates starting in plasma physics, this concise introduction to the fundamental processes and tools is as well directed at established researchers who are newcomers to spectroscopy and seek quick access to the diagnostics of plasmas ranging from low- to high-density technical systems at low temperatures, as well as from low- to high-density hot plasmas. Basic ideas and fundamental concepts are introduced as well as typical instrumentation from the X-ray to the infrared spectral regions. Examples, techniques and methods illustrate the possibilities. This book directly addresses the experimentalist who actually has to carry out the experiments and their interpretation. For that reason about half of the book is devoted to experimental problems, the instrumentation, components, detectors and calibration.

Author: K Muraoka
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420034065
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 307

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Updated and expanded from the original Japanese edition, Laser-Aided Diagnostics of Gases and Plasmas takes a unique approach in treating laser-aided diagnostics. The book unifies the subject by joining applications instead of describing each application as a totally separate system. In taking this approach, it highlights the relative strengths of

Author: John Sheffield
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080952038
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 512

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This work presents one of the most powerful methods of plasma diagnosis in exquisite detail, to guide researchers in the theory and measurement techniques of light scattering in plasmas. Light scattering in plasmas is essential in the research and development of fusion energy, environmental solutions, and electronics. Referred to as the "Bible" by researchers, the work encompasses fusion and industrial applications essential in plasma research. It is the only comprehensive resource specific to the plasma scattering technique. It provides a wide-range of experimental examples and discussion of their principles with worked examples to assist researchers in applying the theory. Computing techniques for solving basic equations helps researchers compare data to the actual experiment New material on advances on the experimental side, such as the application of high density plasmas of inertial fusion Worked out examples of the scattering technique for easier comprehension of theory

Author: A.C.P. Alves
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400930038
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 529

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This volume contains the lectures presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Frontiers of Laser Spectroscopy of Gases" held in the Hotel Golf Mar, Vimeiro, near Torres Vedras, Portugal from 30 March to 10 April 1987. The objective of the meeting was to take stock of the recent technological developments involving lasers and to assess their impact on spectroscopy. The whole range of wavelengths from the far infrared through to the extreme ultraviolet was covered. In addition, specific applications to both atoms and molecules were described. Indeed, one of the most successful and pleasant aspects of the Institute was the joint participation of atomic physicists and molecular spectro scopists, who meet all too rarely these days. The Institute also succeeded in covering a wide time span from the very earliest days of lasers to some of the very latest developments in both lasers and their applications to spectroscopy. There were 14 invited lecturers, giving a total of 40 lectures, and 89 other participants at the Institute. Each of the invited lecturers has contributed a chapter to this volume. In addition, on Thursday 2nd April a special one-day session was held in the Chemistry Department at the University of Coimbra to mark the retirement of Professor Dr. F.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lasers
Languages : en
Pages : 480

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