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Author: Emily Judith Díaz Vallejo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This dissertation explores the influence of land use changes on soil dynamics and functionality in tropical regions. Specifically, it addresses three main research questions. Firstly, it examines the global impact of land use changes on microbial biomass, abundance, and traits in tropical regions while identifying knowledge gaps and areas for further research in tropical microbial ecology. Secondly, it investigates how tropical secondary forest succession affects microbial function in diverse soil environments and explores the connection between changes in microbial function and soil carbon variability across different successional stages. Lastly, it aims to define a benchmark tool for soil carbon assessment in a variety of tropical climates, land use practices, and soil types, with potential applications for farmers, land managers, soil researchers, policymakers, and individuals interested in soil health assessment. The research findings underscore the significant effects of land use conversions on soil microbial communities and their associated ecosystem functions. To better understand the global-scale response of tropical regions to environmental changes, a comprehensive understanding of the diverse climates, vegetation, management practices, and soil conditions in these regions is essential. Additionally, this study examines the dynamics of microbial communities during forest succession and highlights the urgent need for further research to comprehend microbial functionalities in disturbed tropical forest soils. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of establishing benchmarks for assessing soil carbon in tropical soils, taking into account the impacts of land use change, and developing guidelines or protocols accordingly. This dissertation identifies knowledge gaps and suggests future research directions, including the exploration of a broader range of soil types, investigations into dry systems, examination of specific soil characteristics, and the incorporation of advanced molecular techniques. The ultimate goal of this work is to contribute to the understanding of soil dynamics, provide insights for sustainable soil management, and offer strategies for climate change mitigation in tropical regions.
Author: Emily Judith Díaz Vallejo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This dissertation explores the influence of land use changes on soil dynamics and functionality in tropical regions. Specifically, it addresses three main research questions. Firstly, it examines the global impact of land use changes on microbial biomass, abundance, and traits in tropical regions while identifying knowledge gaps and areas for further research in tropical microbial ecology. Secondly, it investigates how tropical secondary forest succession affects microbial function in diverse soil environments and explores the connection between changes in microbial function and soil carbon variability across different successional stages. Lastly, it aims to define a benchmark tool for soil carbon assessment in a variety of tropical climates, land use practices, and soil types, with potential applications for farmers, land managers, soil researchers, policymakers, and individuals interested in soil health assessment. The research findings underscore the significant effects of land use conversions on soil microbial communities and their associated ecosystem functions. To better understand the global-scale response of tropical regions to environmental changes, a comprehensive understanding of the diverse climates, vegetation, management practices, and soil conditions in these regions is essential. Additionally, this study examines the dynamics of microbial communities during forest succession and highlights the urgent need for further research to comprehend microbial functionalities in disturbed tropical forest soils. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of establishing benchmarks for assessing soil carbon in tropical soils, taking into account the impacts of land use change, and developing guidelines or protocols accordingly. This dissertation identifies knowledge gaps and suggests future research directions, including the exploration of a broader range of soil types, investigations into dry systems, examination of specific soil characteristics, and the incorporation of advanced molecular techniques. The ultimate goal of this work is to contribute to the understanding of soil dynamics, provide insights for sustainable soil management, and offer strategies for climate change mitigation in tropical regions.
Author: Elliot Anson Vaughan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Soils represent one of the largest terrestrial reservoirs of carbon (C) and understanding the controls on soil C cycling has important implications for climate change and soil fertility. Large uncertainties remain regarding the relative importance of environmental and edaphic factors, and the role of human activities on soil C dynamics. This is especially true in soils of the tropics, which are diverse and often less studied relative to temperate soils. This dissertation sought to address these uncertainties by looking at the effect of several different anthropogenic global change drivers on soil C across a diversity of soils in Puerto Rico. The effect of long-term experimental nitrogen enrichment on soil C content weakened over time and differed within lowland and montane forests, highlighting heterogeneity in responses at the landscape level. Natural abundance radiocarbon (14C) measurements indicated the dynamic nature of soil C in these forests, as the majority of C cycled on decadal time scales, even in mineral-associated fractions that are thought to be quite stable. In a regional study comparing controls on soil carbon turnover under different land covers across the island, soil properties related to parent material and soil weathering, including iron and aluminum concentrations and pH, had a greater influence on the distribution of C among soil fractions and their turnover rate than land cover and land use. Soil C and nitrogen (N) did not differ within a secondary forest chronosequence along a soil-weathering gradient, but C increased with soil pH. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses of soil organic matter revealed differences in chemistry in buried soils depending on their exposure to the modern soil surface. This work emphasizes the importance of soil physical and chemical properties in influencing soil C dynamics and highlights the complex nature of interactions among human activities, natural disturbances, and soils in heterogenous landscapes.
Author: Maria Angeles Munoz Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128121297 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 398
Book Description
Soil Management and Climate Change: Effects on Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Dynamics, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions provides a state of the art overview of recent findings and future research challenges regarding physical, chemical and biological processes controlling soil carbon, nitrogen dynamic and greenhouse gas emissions from soils. This book is for students and academics in soil science and environmental science, land managers, public administrators and legislators, and will increase understanding of organic matter preservation in soil and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Given the central role soil plays on the global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and its impact on greenhouse gas emissions, there is an urgent need to increase our common understanding about sources, mechanisms and processes that regulate organic matter mineralization and stabilization, and to identify those management practices and processes which mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, helping increase organic matter stabilization with suitable supplies of available N. Provides the latest findings about soil organic matter stabilization and greenhouse gas emissions Covers the effect of practices and management on soil organic matter stabilization Includes information for readers to select the most suitable management practices to increase soil organic matter stabilization
Author: N.H. Ravindranath Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402065477 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 315
Book Description
Carbon Inventory Methods Handbook fills the need for a handbook that provides guidelines and methods required for carbon inventory. It provides detailed step-by-step information on sampling procedures, field and laboratory measurements, application of remote sensing and GIS techniques, modeling, and calculation procedures along with sources of data for carbon inventory. The book is driven by a growing need for ‘carbon inventory’ for land use sections such as forests.
Author: Saul Cunningham Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING ISBN: 0643104097 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 169
Book Description
There can be little doubt that there are truly colossal challenges associated with providing food, fibre and energy for an expanding world population without further accelerating already rapid rates of biodiversity loss and undermining the ecosystem processes on which we all depend. These challenges are further complicated by rapid changes in climate and its additional direct impacts on agriculture, biodiversity and ecological processes. There are many different viewpoints about the best way to deal with the myriad issues associated with land use intensification and this book canvasses a number of these from different parts of the tropical and temperate world. Chapters focus on whether science can suggest new and improved approaches to reducing the conflict between productive land use and biodiversity conservation. Who should read this book? Policy makers in regional, state and federal governments, as well as scientists and the interested lay public.
Author: Francis Q. Brearley Publisher: ISBN: 9781789244151 Category : Land use Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This book contains a collection of 14 case studies from around the globe that illustrate the impact of a range of land-use changes on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soils and provide a snapshot of the challenges faced in ensuring sustainable soil management in tropical and savannah environments. This book is not a comprehensive account of all the drivers of soil change in the tropics, nor does it cover all areas of the tropics. It does, however, take a broad view of the tropics, with the inclusion of studies from South Africa and the dry sub-humid tropics of the Kalahari as well as the humid tropics. Tropics are drawn from a wide geographical area including South and Central America, South East Asia, India and Africa, and the chapters have been contributed by authors from all of these areas as well as Europe, North America, Australasia and Japan. It thus provides a snapshot of a range of factors affecting soils across the globe. From this, emerges topics that can be grouped into the following themes: the effects of land-use change on soil microbial populations; urban soils, agriculture and soil contamination; and land-use effects on soil carbon and soil organic matter.
Author: Richard V. Pouyat Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030452166 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 306
Book Description
This open access book synthesizes leading-edge science and management information about forest and rangeland soils of the United States. It offers ways to better understand changing conditions and their impacts on soils, and explores directions that positively affect the future of forest and rangeland soil health. This book outlines soil processes and identifies the research needed to manage forest and rangeland soils in the United States. Chapters give an overview of the state of forest and rangeland soils research in the Nation, including multi-decadal programs (chapter 1), then summarizes various human-caused and natural impacts and their effects on soil carbon, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biological diversity (chapters 2–5). Other chapters look at the effects of changing conditions on forest soils in wetland and urban settings (chapters 6–7). Impacts include: climate change, severe wildfires, invasive species, pests and diseases, pollution, and land use change. Chapter 8 considers approaches to maintaining or regaining forest and rangeland soil health in the face of these varied impacts. Mapping, monitoring, and data sharing are discussed in chapter 9 as ways to leverage scientific and human resources to address soil health at scales from the landscape to the individual parcel (monitoring networks, data sharing Web sites, and educational soils-centered programs are tabulated in appendix B). Chapter 10 highlights opportunities for deepening our understanding of soils and for sustaining long-term ecosystem health and appendix C summarizes research needs. Nine regional summaries (appendix A) offer a more detailed look at forest and rangeland soils in the United States and its Affiliates.
Author: Probir K. Ghosh Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811396280 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 446
Book Description
Soil organic carbon (SOC), a key component of the global carbon (C) pool, plays an important role in C cycling, regulating climate, water supplies and biodiversity, and therefore in providing the ecosystem services that are essential to human well-being. Most agricultural soils in temperate regions have now lost as much as 60% of their SOC, and as much as 75% in tropical regions, due to conversion from natural ecosystems to agricultural uses and mainly due to continuous soil degradation. Sequestering C can help to offset C emissions from fossil fuel combustion and other C-emitting activities, while also enhancing soil quality and long-term agronomic productivity. However, developing effective policies for creating terrestrial C sinks is a serious challenge in tropical and subtropical soils, due to the high average annual temperatures in these regions. It can be accomplished by implementing improved land management practices that add substantial amounts of biomass to soil, cause minimal soil disturbance, conserve soil and water, improve soil structure, and enhance soil fauna activity. Continuous no-till crop production is arguably the best example. These soils need technically sound and economically feasible strategies to sustainably enhance their SOC pools. Hence, this book provides comprehensive information on SOC and its management in different land-use systems, with a focus on preserving soils and their ecosystem services. The only book of its kind, it offers a valuable asset for students, researchers, policymakers and other stakeholders involved in the sustainable development and management of natural resources at the global level.
Author: Werner L. Kutsch Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139483161 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 301
Book Description
Carbon stored in soils represents the largest terrestrial carbon pool and factors affecting this will be vital in the understanding of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This book provides an integrated view on measuring and modeling soil carbon dynamics. Based on a broad range of in-depth contributions by leading scientists it gives an overview of current research concepts, developments and outlooks and introduces cutting-edge methodologies, ranging from questions of appropriate measurement design to the potential application of stable isotopes and molecular tools. It includes a standardised soil CO2 efflux protocol, aimed at data consistency and inter-site comparability and thus underpins a regional and global understanding of soil carbon dynamics. This book provides an important reference work for students and scientists interested in many aspects of soil ecology and biogeochemical cycles, policy makers, carbon traders and others concerned with the global carbon cycle.
Author: Emily Judith Díaz Vallejo
Author: Emily Judith Díaz Vallejo
Author: Elliot Anson Vaughan
Author: Maria Angeles Munoz
Author: N.H. Ravindranath
Author: Saul Cunningham
Author: Francis Q. Brearley
Author: Richard V. Pouyat
Author: Alan Ronald Townsend
Author: Probir K. Ghosh
Author: Werner L. Kutsch