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Author: Denis N. Gerasimov Publisher: ISBN: 9783319963051 Category : Evaporation Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This monograph discusses the essential principles of the evaporation process by looking at it at the molecular and atomic level. In the first part methods of statistical physics, physical kinetics and numerical modeling are outlined including the Maxwell's distribution function, the Boltzmann kinetic equation, the Vlasov approach, and the CUDA technique. The distribution functions of evaporating particles are then defined. Experimental results on the evaporation coefficient and the temperature jump on the evaporation surface are critically reviewed and compared to the theory and numerical results presented in previous chapters. The book ends with a chapter devoted to evaporation in different processes, such as boiling and cavitation. This monograph addresses graduate students and researchers working on phase transitions and related fields.
Author: Denis N. Gerasimov Publisher: ISBN: 9783319963051 Category : Evaporation Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This monograph discusses the essential principles of the evaporation process by looking at it at the molecular and atomic level. In the first part methods of statistical physics, physical kinetics and numerical modeling are outlined including the Maxwell's distribution function, the Boltzmann kinetic equation, the Vlasov approach, and the CUDA technique. The distribution functions of evaporating particles are then defined. Experimental results on the evaporation coefficient and the temperature jump on the evaporation surface are critically reviewed and compared to the theory and numerical results presented in previous chapters. The book ends with a chapter devoted to evaporation in different processes, such as boiling and cavitation. This monograph addresses graduate students and researchers working on phase transitions and related fields.
Author: Denis N. Gerasimov Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331996304X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 334
Book Description
This monograph discusses the essential principles of the evaporationprocess by looking at it at the molecular and atomic level. In the first part methods of statistical physics, physical kinetics andnumerical modeling are outlined including the Maxwell’s distributionfunction, the Boltzmann kinetic equation, the Vlasov approach, and theCUDA technique. The distribution functions of evaporating particles are then defined.Experimental results on the evaporation coefficient and the temperaturejump on the evaporation surface are critically reviewed and compared tothe theory and numerical results presented in previous chapters. The book ends with a chapter devoted to evaporation in differentprocesses, such as boiling and cavitation.This monograph addressesgraduate students and researchers working on phase transitions andrelated fields.
Author: Walter Drisdell Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
The kinetics of vapor-liquid exchange in water are poorly understood, yet may be critically important in predicting changes in Earth's climate and understanding the water isotope record preserved in ice cores . In this thesis we present measurements of the kinetics of water evaporation. In Chapter 1 we review recent work on the subject, including our own liquid microjet technique which has higher precision than other methods. In Chapter 2 we extend our earlier measurements of the evaporation kinetics of H2O by studying pure D2O. We find that the evaporation coefficient, which can be thought of as the percentage of evaporation "attempts" which succeed, is identical for the two isotopomers. We interpret this result using a previously developed transition state theory (TST) model of evaporation, which predicts the respective evaporation coefficients to be equal due to competing energetic and entropic effects. In Chapter 3, we examine the evaporation kinetics of H2O evaporating from 3M ammonium sulfate solution. Ammonium sulfate was selected as it is the largest inorganic component of anthropogenic aerosol in the atmosphere. Again we find that the evaporation coefficient is unchanged relative to pure water. This is consistent with theoretical and experimental studies suggesting that both the ammonium ion and sulfate ion are repelled from the air-water interface, implying that these ions will not directly interact with evaporating water molecules. This result also suggests that inorganic components of atmospheric aerosol are unlikely to significantly affect evaporation kinetics. In Chapter 4 we examine the evaporation kinetics of H2O from 4M sodium perchlorate solution. Perchlorate was selected as it is expected to be strongly enhanced in concentration at the air-water interface, and therefore more likely to directly influence the evaporation process. We find that the evaporation coefficient for this system is ̃25% smaller than that for pure H2O, indicating that the perchlorate ions do indeed impede evaporation. Given experimental evidence for the perchlorate ion slowing the rotational motions of H2O molecules in its first solvation shell, and our TST predictions indicating that the evaporation kinetics of water are highly sensitive to the hindered rotational motions of surface water molecules, we suggest that perchlorate ions at the interface are inhibiting the evaporation of H2O molecules with which they are in direct contact. This result suggests that other surface-enhanced ions may also affect the evaporation kinetics through direct interactions with evaporating molecules and opens several interesting new avenues of study, which are discussed in Chapter 5.
Author: N.A. Fuchs Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483225631 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 81
Book Description
Evaporation and Droplet Growth in Gaseous Media deals with the evaporation of droplets of liquid in gaseous media and the reverse process of droplet growth in a medium supersaturated with the vapor of the liquid. Thediscussion is restricted to the kinetics of evaporation and growth of droplets of pure liquids (and heat transfer to the same). Comprised of three chapters, this book first examines the quasi-stationary evaporation and growth of droplets that are motionless relative to the medium and the hydrodynamic factor is absent. The Maxwell equation, the basis of the theory of evaporation of droplets in a gaseous medium, is taken into account. The influence of the Stefan flow and the concentration change at the surface on the rate of evaporation are considered, along with the evaporation of droplets in a vessel with absorbing walls and the fall in temperature of both free evaporating droplets and supported evaporating droplets. The second chapter is devoted to the quasi-stationary evaporation of droplets in a stream of gas, that is, droplets moving relative to the medium. The last chapter focuses on non-stationary evaporation and growth of droplets that either motionless or moving relative to the medium. This monograph will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers in inorganic and structural chemistry.
Author: Petros Antonis Publisher: ISBN: 9781681173085 Category : Languages : en Pages : 294
Book Description
Heat is the kinetic energy of particles as they vibrate. If we heat the particles at one end of a material the particles at that end vibrate more (have more kinetic energy) and bump into the neighboring particles which causes them to vibrate more. They collide with their neighbors and so the energy passes from one particle to another through the material. Evaporation and condensation are two processes through which matter changes from one state to another. Matter can exist in three different states: solid, liquid, or gas. In evaporation, matter changes from a liquid to a gas. In condensation, matter changes from a gas to a liquid. All matter is made of tiny moving particles called molecules. Evaporation and condensation happen when these molecules gain or lose energy in the form of heat. Evaporation happens when a liquid is heated. The heat gives the liquid's molecules more energy. This energy causes the molecules to move faster. If they gain enough energy, the molecules near the surface break away. These molecules escape the liquid and enter the air as gas. Condensation happens when molecules in a gas cool down. As the molecules lose heat, they lose energy. As a result they slow down. They move closer to other gas molecules. Finally these molecules collect together to form a liquid. The theoretical analysis and modeling of heat and mass transfer rates produced in evaporation and condensation processes are noteworthy concerns in a design of extensive range of industrial processes and devices. The book Evaporation, Condensation and Heat transfer emphasizes on the current issues of modeling on evaporation, water vapor condensation, heat transfer and exchanger, and on fluid flow in different aspects. The approaches would be applicable in various industrial purposes as well. The advanced idea and information described here will be fruitful for the readers to find a sustainable solution in an industrialized society..
Author: Denis N. Gerasimov
Author: Denis N. Gerasimov
Author: Denis N. Gerasimov
Author: Frederick K. Wong
Author: Walter Drisdell
Author: N.A. Fuchs
Author: John Price Hirth
Author: Christophe Delval
Author: S Umnov
Author: Petros Antonis
Author: Yu.V Balkovoi