Author: Christoph GöbelPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Kinetic Investigations on the Heterogeneously Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide to Short-chain Alcohols
Author: Christoph GöbelThe Chemistry of the Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide
Author: G. Henrici-OlivePublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642696627
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 239
Book Description
During the oil embargo, in the winter 1973174, parts of Western Europe present ed an almost war-like aspect on Saturdays and Sundays: no traffic on the high ways, no crowds at ski resorts and other weekend entertainment places, no gaso line at the pumps. Living and teaching then in that part of the world, and discussing the situa tion with our students, we came to the conclusion that it would be timely to col lect the fine chemistry already known at the time in the field of conversion of coal to gasoline and other chemicals, and by this way help to draw the attention to this important alternative to crude oil. The idea of this book was born. The energy shock of the early seventies has been healthy and of great conse quences in chemistry. Large amounts of research money have been put to work since, and our knowledge of the possibilities and limitations of coal-based chemistry has increased enormously. During several years it appeared inap propriate to write a monograph about a topic which was in the midst of such an impetuous development. Nevertheless, we collected, and critically selected, the upcoming work as it appeared in the literature, and also tried to provide some modest input ourselves. Now, ten years later, the situation seems to be settled to a certain degree.
Plasma Catalysis
Author: Annemie BogaertsPublisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038977500
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 248
Book Description
Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Oxygenates by Homologation or CO Hydrogenation with Metal Complexes
Author: A. BracaPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401108749
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 242
Book Description
Born and initially developed in various industrial laboratories, mainly in U.S.A. and Gennany, homogeneous phase catalytic carbon monoxide hydrogenation and alcohols and their derivatives carbonylation and homologation, have generally been considered and reviewed separately in the course of their 40 years history without concern for common aspects in the chemical transfonnations and in catalysis. Thanks to researchers of Japanese companies participating in the National C 1 Chemistry Project (1980-1987) the scientific and technical approaches in this field have been unified and applied in parallel, in the light of some common aspects of the chemical reactions and mechanisms. Now, at a moment when research seems becahned, a general presentation and discussion of the most recent topics might be an useful basis for further development of this chemistry. To delimit and simplify the discussion of the chemical aspects and the nature of the catalysts involved, the present review is limited to reactions employing homogeneous metal complexes for the direct conversion of syngas to oxygenates and to the hydrocarbonylation of these last to homologous derivatives. Since the previous practically contemporary reviews by Dombek [in Adv. Organomet. Chern. (1983)] on CO hydrogenation and by the present authors [in Asp.Homog.Catal.(Reidel Pu.l984)] on alcohol homologation fully cover the literature up to 1982, here we mainly refer to work done after 1982, and consider the cited reviews as covering the historical development of research in the 1940- 1980 period.
Higher-alcohol Synthesis from Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen
Author: Anil Kumar GunturuPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alcohols
Languages : en
Pages : 362
Book Description
Influence of Carbon Monoxide in Chemoselective Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions
Author: Daniel R. MarplePublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
Book Description
The activity for the hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde and selectivity to butyraldehyde and crotyl alcohol was studied in the absence and presence of a small molecule, carbon monoxide at low pressures (19.1, 10, and 2 mTorr). The addition of small amounts of carbon monoxide to the reaction (9 Torr crotonaldehyde, 160 Torr H2, 373 K) decreased conversion and decreased the overall selectivity to crotyl alcohol, while exerting very little influence on the turnover frequency for butyraldehyde. It was determined that the active sites responsible for the formation of crotyl alcohol are also responsible for the formation of n-butanol because the selectivity to both the unsaturated alcohol and saturated alcohol decreased with increasing CO partial pressure or increasing time-on-stream with a constant pressure of carbon monoxide. This is direct evidence that CO competes for the active sites responsible for crotyl alcohol and n-butanol formation. It was also found that carbon deposits from extended time-on-stream experiments (~20 h) inhibit the formation of crotyl alcohol. The addition of CO shortened the time to achieve steady-state by 25% for the formation of butyraldehyde and 31% for the formation of crotyl alcohol which was presumably due to elimination of the most active sites for decomposition of crotonaldehyde. The apparent activation energies are as follows: 41.8 kJ/mol for the formation of butyraldehyde in the absence of CO, 76.0 kJ/mol for the formation of butyraldehyde in the presence of 19.1 mTorr CO, and 33.1 kJ/mol for the formation of crotyl alcohol in the absence of CO. Increasing the temperature from 353 to 373 K increased the TOF for butyraldehyde by ~2 fold (from 0.3 - 0.54 x 10-3 s-1 to 0.6 - 1.2 x 10-3 s-1), increased the TOF for crotyl alcohol ~1.2 times (from 0.12 - 0.20 x 10-3 s-1 to 0.14 - 0.24 x 10-3 s-1), and decreased the selectivity to crotyl alcohol from 28% to 18%. The TOF decreased to its steady- value faster when more CO was added for both butyraldehyde and crotyl alcohol. It was found that the Pt(3.6 nm)/SBA-15 (3.6 nm represents the average particle size) catalyst changed during use and an amorphous Pt/SiO2 catalysts worked initially, but then stopped producing crotyl alcohol. Currently, we do not known reason for this behavior. Further research should focus on surface studies of the Pt(3.6 nm)/SiO2 catalyst during reaction, varying the partial pressure of carbon monoxide to compare the activity and selectivity of Pt/SiO2 versus Pt/SBA-15 catalysts, and comparing the effects of varying amounts of carbon monoxide on Pt catalysts of varying nanoparticle size.
Methanol Synthesis
Author: Jerzy SkrzypekPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Catalysis
Languages : en
Pages : 174
Book Description
CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis
Author: Yuichiro HimedaPublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527346635
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 322
Book Description
A guide to the effective catalysts and latest advances in CO2 conversion in chemicals and fuels Carbon dioxide hydrogenation is one of the most promising and economic techniques to utilize CO2 emissions to produce value-added chemicals. With contributions from an international team of experts on the topic, CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis offers a comprehensive review of the most recent developments in the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic acid/formate, methanol, methane, and C2+ products. The book explores the electroreduction of carbon dioxide and contains an overview on hydrogen production from formic acid and methanol. With a practical review of the advances and challenges in future CO2 hydrogenation research, the book provides an important guide for researchers in academia and industry working in the field of catalysis, organometallic chemistry, green and sustainable chemistry, as well as energy conversion and storage. This important book: Offers a unique review of effective catalysts and the latest advances in CO2 conversion Explores how to utilize CO2 emissions to produce value-added chemicals and fuels such as methanol, olefins, gasoline, aromatics Includes the latest research in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis as well as electrocatalysis Highlights advances and challenges for future investigation Written for chemists, catalytic chemists, electrochemists, chemists in industry, and chemical engineers, CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis offers a comprehensive resource to understanding how CO2 emissions can create value-added chemicals.
Catalyst Characterization
Author: Boris ImelikPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475795890
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 720
Book Description
to the Fundamental and Applied Catalysis Series Catalysis is important academically and industrially. It plays an essential role in the manufacture of a wide range of products, from gasoline and plastics to fertilizers and herbicides, which would otherwise be unobtainable or prohibitive ly expensive. There are few chemical-or oil-based material items in modern society that do not depend in some way on a catalytic stage in their manufacture. Apart from manufacturing processes, catalysis is finding other important and over-increasing uses; for example, successful applications of catalysis in the control ofpollution and its use in environmental control are certain to in crease in the future. The commercial import an ce of catalysis and the diverse intellectual challenges of catalytic phenomena have stimulated study by a broad spectrum of scientists including chemists, physicists, chemical engineers, and material scientists. Increasing research activity over the years has brought deeper levels of understanding, and these have been associated with a continually growing amount of published material. As recentlyas sixty years ago, Rideal and Taylor could still treat the subject comprehensively in a single volume, but by the 19 50s Emmett required six volumes, and no conventional multivolume text could now cover the whole of catalysis in any depth.
Design of Heterogeneous Catalysts
Author: Umit S. OzkanPublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 352762533X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 340
Book Description
This long-awaited reference source is the first book to focus on this important and hot topic. As such, it provides examples from a wide array of fields where catalyst design has been based on new insights and understanding, presenting such modern and important topics as self-assembly, nature-inspired catalysis, nano-scale architecture of surfaces and theoretical methods. With its inclusion of all the useful and powerful tools for the rational design of catalysts, this is a true "must have" book for every researcher in the field.