Author: Heather M. Daniels Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 133
Book Description
The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of juvenile detention personnel related to juvenile recidivism as well as the effectiveness of initiatives to address students' academic needs. In addition, the study examined juvenile detention personnel's perceptions regarding readiness for their roles within a juvenile correctional facility. Participants included both corrections staff and corrections teachers employed by one juvenile correctional facility in southeastern Pennsylvania. Twenty participants, 17 corrections staff and three teachers, participated in a researcher-designed online survey consisting of demographic questions, Likert-scale statements (32 teacher and 30 staff), and three open-ended questions for each group. Separate surveys were administered to corrections staff and teachers. Seven participants, five staff members and two teachers, answered researcher-designed interview questions. Both corrections staff and teachers agreed that recidivism rates among juveniles were high, although perceptions of actual percentages varied among individual participants. Both groups also agreed that one of the main reasons for recidivism was students returning to the same environments they were in before incarceration, often without the needed supports. Corrections teachers and staff also indicated that shared trainings would be beneficial, although these are often not offered. Discrepancies between corrections teachers' and staff's perceptions regarding access to a variety of materials to address student needs within the facility were shown. Additionally, discrepancies existed between corrections teachers and staff trainings prior to beginning their respective roles within the juvenile correctional facilities, with staff receiving more trainings specific to juvenile corrections.
Author: Christopher J. Nelson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 214
Book Description
The school-to-prison pipeline is a pervasive national issue in which youth are exiting educational settings and entering juvenile justice settings. Yet, while this is a prevalent issue, there are avenues of study and approaches to addressing this issue that have yet to be researched. The following study explored one such avenue: the experiences of adults working with youth in the pipeline. Three streams of literature informed this research: the student population in the pipeline, policies and practices directed toward those in the pipeline, and the use of non-punitive practices to address the pipeline. A small sample of nine adults, out of a total of 86 employed in a variety of positions within a local division of a New York state agency, participated in semi-structured interviews to provide the research data. The findings showed that, while the participants have varying roles, they shared similar experiences and perceptions regarding the understanding of and interacting with youth in the pipeline, the relationship between education and the pipeline, and addressing the needs of youth. Each of the results that emerged from the findings aligned with the findings and results from previous research studies. It was concluded that, for the participants, there is an issue with the juvenile incarceration rate, that experiences working with youth in the pipeline are mostly positive, and there is a history of negative experiences working with the public education system. Finally, recommendations for both action and future research were given.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309172357 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 405
Book Description
Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.
Author: Anthony H. Normore Publisher: IAP ISBN: 161735712X Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 236
Book Description
Education-Based Incarceration and Recidivism: The Ultimate Social Justice Crime Fighting Tool takes a penetrating look at the needs and challenges of society's disenfranchised jail populations. It is incumbent to encourage public awareness of the causes that underlie the destructive cycles plaguing these populations, including the abuse and neglect that cycle through generations. When effectively addressed through education the economic burden on society is lightened and an advocacy to increase understanding engenders a humane response. When connecting education-based incarceration to leadership and social justice, several issues come to mind, beginning with the universal understanding that definitions of social justice are based on a variety of factors, like political orientation, religious background, and political and social philosophy. An increased body of researchers in educational leadership, ethics, law, sociology, corrections, law enforcement, criminal justice, and public health agree that social justice is concerned with equal justice, not just in the courts, but in all aspects of society. Social justice demands that people promote a just society where people have equal rights and opportunities; everyone, from the poorest person on the margins of society to the wealthiest deserves an even playing field. The intended audience for this book includes academics, national and international law enforcement agencies, and correctional institutions interested in establishing and assessing the effectiveness of an education-based incarceration program. This book can be used by educators and students interested in studying organizational leadership, correctional theory, recidivism, social and restorative justice, and education-based incarceration.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309278937 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 463
Book Description
Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
Author: Lois M. Davis Publisher: Rand Corporation ISBN: 0833084933 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 153
Book Description
Assesses the effectiveness of correctional education for both incarcerated adults and juveniles, presents the results of a survey of U.S. state correctional education directors, and offers recommendations for improving correctional education.
Author: Barry S. McCrary Sr. Publisher: Lulu.com ISBN: 1387314963 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
This textbook is designed to explore the corrections system process and examine and discuss current issues in corrections. These articles will discern corrections system agency procedures by way of reviewing articles, policies and training material, for the purpose of reviewing the delivery of services within the corrections system. The texts will pronounce issues such as corrections mission, goals and challenges, to gain insight to the corrections system.
Author: Lois M. Davis Publisher: Rand Corporation ISBN: 0833081322 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 110
Book Description
After conducting a comprehensive literature search, the authors undertook a meta-analysis to examine the association between correctional education and reductions in recidivism, improvements in employment after release from prison, and other outcomes. The study finds that receiving correctional education while incarcerated reduces inmates' risk of recidivating and may improve their odds of obtaining employment after release from prison.
Author: Rosemary Papa Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9783030146245 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The Handbook on Promoting Social Justice in Education explores social justice elements across the global human continuum in the field of education and offers the skills and ways of thinking to achieve a more equitable, caring and fair world. Education is not the sole or even the primary answer to social justice as this would assume educators have control over the complexity of one’s nation/states and multi or transnational organizations, and especially the diversity by context of family life. What education does offer are the skills and ways of thinking to achieve a more equitable, caring, and fair world in pursuit of achieving the ends of social justice. The handbook will look at three major themes—Political Inequality, Educational Economic Inequality, and Cultural Inequality. Editorial Board Khalid ArarKadir BeyciogluFenwick EnglishAletha M. HarvenJohn M. HeffronDavid John MathesonMarta Sánchez
Author: Heather M. Daniels
Author: Christopher J. Nelson
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Anthony H. Normore
Author: National Research Council
Author: Lois M. Davis
Author: Barry S. McCrary Sr.
Author: Lois M. Davis
Author: Rosemary Papa
Author: Lode Walgrave