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Author: Pennsylvania Franklin Institute Publisher: Forgotten Books ISBN: 9781334187544 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 444
Book Description
Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania and Mechanics' Register, Vol. 20: Devoted to Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures, and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions; July December, 1837 It will be seen that if we take into view all the bars of this iron, on which experiments were made after they were reduced to a uniform size, and ex elude only 219 B., on which the sections were all deeply filed, the advantage will appear to be in favour Of the metal manufactured from white pig next to which, is that produced from lively gray, giving 98% per cent. Of the strength of the first. Next, in the order Of strength, will be found the iron from dead gray pig, inferior to the first by 1 2-3 per cent.; next, that from the mixture of the four kinds of pig which appears to have been weaker than the same by 4 4-10 per cent.; and, finally that from mottled pig in which the inferiority extended to 5 per cent. The following table (lxxix.) exhibits, at a view, the comparative strength, and the respective degrees of uniformity of the several bars, with the strength of some of them at high temperatures. At elevated temperatures, the results, except that on No. 219 B, are much nearer to each other, than those at the points selected for our general com parison. On that bar, the trials were upon filed sections. The experiment at giving a strength of 66620, exceeded those at corresponding tempera tures on the other bars, by an average Of about 6222 lbs or 10% per cent.; while the two experiments which were made upon it at low temperatures, as will be seen by table LXXXII., gave results, the mean Of which being 66724 lbs., surpasses that of the other nine bars by 9275 lbs., or by 16 1-10 per cent. Hence we are compelled to believe that this specimen, as it came to hand, had undergone the process of hammer-hardening, - a process which the direct experiments Of the committee have proved to be capable Of essen ially modifying the tenacity of the metal. From the above, it appears, that the greatest difference Of strength which under ordinary circumstances, can be attributed to differences in the pig metal* from which wrought iron is produced, is about 5 per cent., and that under every mode Of trial, the article formed from a mixture of different kinds of pig, is inferior in tenacity and uniformity to those derived from either of the ingredients, unless we except that from mottled gray. And even this latter will, on a comparison of all the experiments made upon it, under every circumstance, be found superior to the bars from mixed castings. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Pennsylvania Franklin Institute Publisher: Forgotten Books ISBN: 9781334187544 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 444
Book Description
Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania and Mechanics' Register, Vol. 20: Devoted to Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures, and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions; July December, 1837 It will be seen that if we take into view all the bars of this iron, on which experiments were made after they were reduced to a uniform size, and ex elude only 219 B., on which the sections were all deeply filed, the advantage will appear to be in favour Of the metal manufactured from white pig next to which, is that produced from lively gray, giving 98% per cent. Of the strength of the first. Next, in the order Of strength, will be found the iron from dead gray pig, inferior to the first by 1 2-3 per cent.; next, that from the mixture of the four kinds of pig which appears to have been weaker than the same by 4 4-10 per cent.; and, finally that from mottled pig in which the inferiority extended to 5 per cent. The following table (lxxix.) exhibits, at a view, the comparative strength, and the respective degrees of uniformity of the several bars, with the strength of some of them at high temperatures. At elevated temperatures, the results, except that on No. 219 B, are much nearer to each other, than those at the points selected for our general com parison. On that bar, the trials were upon filed sections. The experiment at giving a strength of 66620, exceeded those at corresponding tempera tures on the other bars, by an average Of about 6222 lbs or 10% per cent.; while the two experiments which were made upon it at low temperatures, as will be seen by table LXXXII., gave results, the mean Of which being 66724 lbs., surpasses that of the other nine bars by 9275 lbs., or by 16 1-10 per cent. Hence we are compelled to believe that this specimen, as it came to hand, had undergone the process of hammer-hardening, - a process which the direct experiments Of the committee have proved to be capable Of essen ially modifying the tenacity of the metal. From the above, it appears, that the greatest difference Of strength which under ordinary circumstances, can be attributed to differences in the pig metal* from which wrought iron is produced, is about 5 per cent., and that under every mode Of trial, the article formed from a mixture of different kinds of pig, is inferior in tenacity and uniformity to those derived from either of the ingredients, unless we except that from mottled gray. And even this latter will, on a comparison of all the experiments made upon it, under every circumstance, be found superior to the bars from mixed castings. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Franklin Institute Publisher: Forgotten Books ISBN: 9781334178610 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 452
Book Description
Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania and Mechanics' Register, Vol. 18: Devoted to Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures, and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions; July, 1836 The experiments made in consequence of these instructions were prose cuted at distant intervals Of leisure during the years 1829 and 1830, but they were interrupted before all had been accomplished, which had been originally designed; nevertheless, the results obtained were interesting, and it is thought that a brief account of them may be acceptable to the readers of your Journal. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Thomas P. Jones Publisher: Forgotten Books ISBN: 9780656014743 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 456
Book Description
Excerpt from Journal of Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania and Mechanics' Register, Vol. 25: Devoted to Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures, and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions I hope the reader will appreciate the motives which have determined me not to follow strictly a chronological order in every part of this article. I have concluded that there would be greater clearness in collecting together the paragraphs relating to the various and more or less advantageous modes which' have been successively conceived for the employment of steam. The details of mechanism, though very important, seem to me to be of secondary consideration. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Thomas P. Jones Publisher: ISBN: 9781331903284 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 464
Book Description
Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania and Mechanics' Register, Vol. 1: Devoted to Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures, and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions The Committee will endeavour, at the earliest possible date, to procure such notices of the various manufacturing establishments, machine shops, &c. of Philadelphia, as may serve to give an idea of the state of industry in the city, without bringing individual interests into conflict, and would invite the contribution of similar notices from other parts of the Union. They again urge mechanics to contribute practical matters to the journal, and thus to render their knowledge conducive to the general progress of the arts in which they are interested. Besides the view given of the progress of mechanical science by original articles and selections from journals at home and abroad, the Committee are promised notices and abstracts, exhibiting this progress in a more condensed form, by John C. Cresson, Professor of Mechanics of the Institute. Original articles in chemical and physical science, will, as heretofore, be sought for. As an instructive mode of presenting the condition of particular branches, original essays upon them will be published, and their progress will be recorded by abstracts of the more important investigations in them. The department of general and practical chemistry will be under the charge of Dr. John Griscom, James C. Booth, Professor of chemistry applied to the arts, in the Institute, and John F. Frazer, Professor of general chemistry in the Institute. Translations of interesting articles from the French and German, will be made by Dr. Griscom and Professor Booth. The notices of physical science including astronomy, will be furnished by Professor A. D. Bache, and Sears C. Walker, Esq. The Committee have already incurred a debt to the last named gentleman of obligation for furnishing, in conjunction with Professor Kendall of the Philadelphia High School, the calculations of occultations for several years past. These will still be furnished by the care of these gentlemen from their own calculations or those of Mr. Downes, of Worcester, Mass., whom the Committee are gratified to add to the number of their correspondents. To improve the mechanical execution of the journal, an entire new fount of type has been provided, by arrangement with the enterprising printer, Mr. Jesper Harding. These improved arrangements entitle the Committee to ask, from the public generally, and especially from mechanics, an extension of the patronage heretofore given to the journal. The addition of one hundred subscribers to the present list would enable them to support entirely the expenses of the journal, which have heretofore been borne by the Franklin Institute at a small annual loss. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Franklin Institute Publisher: Forgotten Books ISBN: 9780484105613 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 460
Book Description
Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania and Mechanic's Register, Vol. 24: Devoted to Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures, and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions As instances of the contusion produced by juxtaposition, and the error or omission of dates, the following may be noticed. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Thomas P. Jones Publisher: Forgotten Books ISBN: 9780365397748 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 466
Book Description
Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania and Mechanic's Register, Vol. 23: Devoted to Mechanical, and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures, and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions This determination was promptly followed up by suggestions for various lines of rail road, stretching from the principal Atlantic cities of the south, to the interior of our Union; where their upper extremities are to be united to the lower termini of other lines, now being constructed in the north western states of Indiana, Illinois, and Ohio, by which they will be extend ed even to the great lakes. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Thomas P. Jones Publisher: ISBN: 9781331903246 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 454
Book Description
Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania and Mechanics' Register, Vol. 21: Devoted to Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures, and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions This contradiction between the results obtained by Mr. Faujas de Saint-Fond and Mr. Chaptal is easily explained, for one used hydraulic lime in his experiments, and the other used fat lime. Mr. Chaptal published in 1787 a memoir on the use of the ochreous earths of the south of France. These earths were calcined in a kiln like those used in some countries for burning lime. The kilns are reversed cones from about eight feet eight inches to about ten feet ten inches in height, and are from six to eight feet in diameter at the base: an opening is left near the apex of the cone, through which to withdraw the products of calcination: these kilns are filled by placing alternately, a layer of sea-coal or turf, and a layer of the ochreous earth; the fire is kindled, after a few layers have been placed, and, when it is in full action, other alternate layers are added until the kiln is full. When the lower portion, which was the first heated, is sufficiently calcined, it is withdrawn as fast as necessary, and other new layers of clay and fuel ate successively added above. Thus the burning is continual; the clays heat gently near the top of the kiln, and are subject to a much greater heat in the middle: they gradually cool towards the bottom, by the action of the current of air, after the fuel is consumed. This manner of burning earths, possesses great advantages as I shall have occasion to show. It would be equally advantageous to calcine hydraulic limes in these kilns, because, as we have seen above, it is very important to use these limes soon after they are burned. By constructing several kilns of this kind, there might be as great a supply of fresh lime as could be needed. Mr. Chaptal attributed to iron, a great effect in improving puzzalonas; and he appears to have attributed a very feeble one to alumine. Mr. Vicat says, on this subject, in his memoir: "If, as Mr. Chaptal assures us, clays deprived of iron, and calcined, cannot be employed as puzzalonas, it must be the oxide of iron that acts principally on the silex and modifies it, by the aid of fire in the ochreous earths, as the lime does in the hydraulic limestones: the alumine, therefore, appears to take the least part in these reactions; it does, nevertheless, make part of good puzzalonas." Experiments which follow will show that iron plays no part in the preparation of puzzalonas, while alumine is very active. We shall see. also, that there is another substance which is very active and which has occasioned the divergencies of opinion on the preparation of puzzalona; but I will not anticipate; and will go on with the statement of the various attempts made to produce factitious puzzalona. From experiments made at Cherbourg in 1787 by Mr. de Cessart, it appeared that basalts, obtained in the Department of the Haute-Loire, and pulverized after having been calcined, produced a mortar possessing all the qualities of those made with Italian puzzalona. Analysis shows this basalt to contain in one hundred parts, the following; Alumine, 16.75; Silex, 44.50; Oxide of iron, 20.00; Lime, 9.50; oxide of Manganese, 2.87; Soda. 2.60; Water, 2.00; loss, 2.28. The works in the port of Cherbourg required a great quantity of puzzalona; but the war which broke out with England on the rupture of the treaty of Amiens, raised the substance to an exorbitant price: it was calculated that the price of a cubic metre (35.34 cubic feet) cost, in 1808, more than 400 francs (about $76.00.) About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
Author: Philadelphia Franklin Institute Publisher: Forgotten Books ISBN: 9780483977211 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 464
Book Description
Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania and Mechanics' Register, 1841, Vol. 32: Devoted to Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures, and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions While in the experiments Of Smeaton the overshot wheel appears to have been underrated, the undershot coefficient agrees very nearly with that just deduced; hence our comparison is more advantageous to the overshot wheel than his, in the proportion of to 2. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Thomas P. Jones Publisher: Forgotten Books ISBN: 9780282461232 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 914
Book Description
Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania and Mechanics' Register, 1841, Vol. 1: Devoted to Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures, and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions This change they intend to connect with renewed efforts, as well in the intellectual matter as in the mechanical execution Of the Journal. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Meteorology Languages : en Pages : 900
Book Description
Vols. 1-69 include more or less complete patent reports of the U. S. Patent Office for years 1825-1859. cf. Index to v. 1-120 of the Journal, p. [415]
Author: Pennsylvania Franklin Institute
Author: Pennsylvania Franklin Institute
Author: Franklin Institute
Author: Thomas P. Jones
Author: Thomas P. Jones
Author: Franklin Institute
Author: Thomas P. Jones
Author: Thomas P. Jones
Author: Philadelphia Franklin Institute
Author: Thomas P. Jones
Author: