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Author: Timothy John Shannon Publisher: Penguin ISBN: 9780670018970 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 276
Book Description
A vivid portrait of the Iroquois nation during colonial America offers insight into their formidable influence over regional politics, their active participation in period trade, and their neutral stance throughout the Anglo-French imperial wars. 15,000 first printing.
Author: Timothy John Shannon Publisher: Penguin ISBN: 9780670018970 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 276
Book Description
A vivid portrait of the Iroquois nation during colonial America offers insight into their formidable influence over regional politics, their active participation in period trade, and their neutral stance throughout the Anglo-French imperial wars. 15,000 first printing.
Author: Timothy J. Shannon Publisher: National Geographic Books ISBN: 0143115294 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The newest addition to the Penguin Library of American Indian History explores the most influential Native American Confederacy More than perhaps any other Native American group, the Iroquois found it to their advantage to interact with and adapt to white settlers. Despite being known as fierce warriors, the Iroquois were just as reliant on political prowess and sophisticated diplomacy to maintain their strategic position between New France and New York. Colonial observers marveled at what Benjamin Franklin called their "method of doing business" as Europeans learned to use Iroquois ceremonies and objects to remain in their good graces. Though the Iroquois negotiated with the colonial governments, they refused to be pawns of European empires, and their savvy kept them in control of much of the Northeast until the American Revolution. Iroquois Diplomacy and the Early American Frontier is a must-read for anyone fascinated by Native American history or interested in a unique perspective on the dawn of American government.
Author: Richard Aquila Publisher: U of Nebraska Press ISBN: 9780803259324 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 300
Book Description
Beginning in 1701, the Iroquois, at their nadir after twenty years of warring, sought to rebuild the Confederacy. By design or circumstance, they carried out sophisticated diplomatic relations with their Indian and white neighbors, gradually recouping much of their political, military, and economic power. The Iroquois helped shape the frontier, influencing Westward expansion, the fur trade, and colonial warfare.
Author: Francis Jennings Publisher: Syracuse University Press ISBN: 9780815626503 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 308
Book Description
"Iroquois treaty-making has had enormous significance in American history, even to the present day. But until now, we have not had a comprehensive collection of treaty documents and systematic study of the Iroquois treaty procedure. This book brings the research of negotiations carried on by the Dutch, English, French, and Americans with the Iroquois to a new level of sophistication. Since September 1978, the D'Arcy McNickle Center for the History of the American at Chicago's Newberry Library has directed a project funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities to compile and publish a documentary history of the Iroquois. The results of this undertaking are: (1) a comprehensive microform corpus of Iroquois treaties and related documents, (2) a printed calendar and index to the treaties, and (3) this reference guide to the treaties and their meanings. In addition to summary essays by Francis Jennings on history and background, William N. Fenton on Culture, Mary A. Drake on structure, Robert J. Surtees on Canada, and Michael K. Foster on linguistics, the editors have included a sample treaty with analytical commentary. They have drawn together a list of participants in Iroquois treaties, figures of speech in political rhetoric, a gazetteer of place names and their modern equivalents, maps of areas important to treaty-making, a descriptive treaty calendar listing negotiations involving Iroquois Indians 1613-1913, and a select bibliography. This books makes the rich array of treaty documents accessible to the informed lay reader. Its publication is a landmark in Iroquois studies." -- Publisher's description
Author: Robert M. Owens Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press ISBN: 0806194413 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 266
Book Description
In early America, interracial homicide—whites killing Native Americans, Native Americans killing whites—might result in a massive war on the frontier; or, if properly mediated, it might actually facilitate diplomatic relations, at least for a time. In Killing over Land, Robert M. Owens explores why and how such murders once played a key role in Indian affairs and how this role changed over time. Though sometimes clearly committed to stoke racial animus and incite war, interracial murder also gave both Native and white leaders an opportunity to improve relations, or at least profit from conflict resolution. In the seventeenth century, most Indigenous people held and used enough leverage to dictate the terms on which such conflicts were resolved; but after the mid-eighteenth century, population and material advantages gave white settlers the upper hand. Owens describes the ways settler colonialism, as practiced by Anglo-Americans, put tremendous pressure on Native peoples, culturally, socially, and politically, forcing them to adapt in the face of violence and overwhelming numbers. By the early nineteenth century, many Native leaders recognized that, with population and power so heavily skewed against them, it was only practical to negotiate for the best possible terms; lex talionis justice—blood for blood—proved an unrealistic goal. Consequently, Indigenous and white leaders alike became all too willing to overlook murder if it led to some kind of gain—if, for instance, justice might be traded for financial compensation or land cessions. Ultimately, what Owens analyzes in Killing over Land is nothing less than the commodification of human life in return for a sense of order—as defined and accepted, however differently, by both Native and white authorities as the contest for land and resources intensified in the European colonization of North America.
Author: Timothy J. Shannon Publisher: Cornell University Press ISBN: 9780801488184 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 292
Book Description
On the eve of the Seven Years' War in North America, the British crown convened the Albany Congress, an Anglo-Iroquois treaty conference, in response to a crisis that threatened imperial expansion. British authorities hoped to address the impending collapse of Indian trade and diplomacy in the northern colonies, a problem exacerbated by uncooperative, resistant colonial governments. In the first book on the subject in more than forty-five years, Timothy J. Shannon definitively rewrites the historical record on the Albany Congress. Challenging the received wisdom that has equated the Congress and the plan of colonial union it produced with the origins of American independence, Shannon demonstrates conclusively the Congress's importance in the wider context of Britain's eighteenth-century Atlantic empire. In the process, the author poses a formidable challenge to the Iroquois Influence Thesis. The Six Nations, he writes, had nothing to do with the drafting of the Albany Plan, which borrowed its model of constitutional union not from the Iroquois but from the colonial delegates' British cousins. Far from serving as a dress rehearsal for the Constitutional Convention, the Albany Congress marked, for colonists and Iroquois alike, a passage from an independent, commercial pattern of intercultural relations to a hierarchical, bureaucratic imperialism wielded by a distant authority.
Author: Daniel K. Richter Publisher: Penn State Press ISBN: 9780271045412 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 236
Book Description
For centuries the Western view of the Iroquois was clouded by the myth that they were the supermen of the frontier--"the Romans of this Western World," as De Witt Clinton called them in 1811. Only in recent years have scholars come to realize the extent to which Europeans had exaggerated the power of the Iroquois. First published in 1987, Beyond the Covenant Chain was one of the first studies to acknowledge fully that the Iroquois never had an empire. It remains the best study of diplomatic and military relations among Native American groups in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century North America. Published in paperback for the first time, it features a new introduction by Richter and Merrell. Contributors include Douglas W. Boyce, Mary A. Druke-Becker, Richard L. Haan, Francis Jennings, Michael N. McConnell, Theda Perdue, and Neal Salisbury.
Author: Paul Kelton Publisher: U of Nebraska Press ISBN: 0803215576 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 313
Book Description
Tracing the pathology of early European encounters with Native peoples of the Southeast, this work concludes that, while indigenous peoples suffered from an array of ailments before contact, Natives had their most significant experience with new germs long after initial contacts in the sixteenth century.
Author: Eric Hinderaker Publisher: Harvard University Press ISBN: 0674061942 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 369
Book Description
In September 1755, the most famous Indian in the worldÑa Mohawk leader known in English as King HendrickÑdied in the Battle of Lake George. He was fighting the French in defense of British claims to North America, and his death marked the end of an era in AngloÐIroquois relations. He was not the first Mohawk of that name to attract international attention. Half a century earlier, another Hendrick worked with powerful leaders in the frontier town of Albany. He cemented his transatlantic fame when he traveled to London as one of the Òfour Indian kings.Ó Until recently the two Hendricks were thought to be the same person. Eric Hinderaker sets the record straight, reconstructing the lives of these two men in a compelling narrative that reveals the complexities of the AngloÐIroquois alliance, a cornerstone of BritainÕs imperial vision. The two Hendricks became famous because, as Mohawks, they were members of the Iroquois confederacy and colonial leaders believed the Iroquois held the balance of power in the Northeast. As warriors, the two Hendricks aided Britain against the French; as Christians, they adopted the trappings of civility; as sachems, they stressed cooperation rather than bloody confrontation with New York and Great Britain. Yet the alliance was never more than a mixed blessing for the two Hendricks and the Iroquois. Hinderaker offers a poignant personal story that restores the lost individuality of the two Hendricks while illuminating the tumultuous imperial struggle for North America.
Author: Timothy John Shannon
Author: Timothy John Shannon
Author: Timothy J. Shannon
Author: Richard Aquila
Author: Francis Jennings
Author: Robert M. Owens
Author: Richard L. Haan
Author: Timothy J. Shannon
Author: Daniel K. Richter
Author: Paul Kelton
Author: Eric Hinderaker