![Investigation Into the Ability of the BlueSky Smoke Modeling Framework in Simultaing [sic] Smoke Impacts from Wildfires PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/c-rZi28sxNAC?fife=w150-h200)
Author: Lesley Adele FusinaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 254
Book Description
Investigation Into the Ability of the BlueSky Smoke Modeling Framework in Simultaing [sic] Smoke Impacts from Wildfires
![Investigation Into the Ability of the BlueSky Smoke Modeling Framework in Simultaing [sic] Smoke Impacts from Wildfires PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/c-rZi28sxNAC?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Lesley Adele FusinaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 254
Book Description
Retrospective Fire Modeling
Author: Brett H. DavisPublisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 143793904X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 45
Book Description
This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Land management agencies (LMA) need to understand and monitor the consequences of their fire suppression decisions. The authors developed a framework for retrospective fire behavior modeling and impact assessment to determine where ignitions would have spread had they not been suppressed, and to assess the cumulative effects that would have resulted. This guidebook is used for applying this methodology and is for those interested in quantifying the impacts of fire suppression. Land managers who use this methodology can track the cumulative effects of suppression, frame future suppression decisions and cost-benefit analyses in the context of past experiences, and communicate tradeoffs to the public, non-gov. organ., and LMA.
Landscape Fire, Smoke, and Health
Author: Tatiana V. LobodaPublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119757029
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 307
Book Description
Landscape Fire, Smoke, and Health Linking Biomass Burning Emissions to Human Well-Being Where and when wildfires occur, what pollutants they emit, how the chemistry of smoke changes in the atmosphere, and what impact this air pollution has on human health and well-being are questions explored across different scientific disciplines. Landscape Fire, Smoke, and Health: Linking Biomass Burning Emissions to Human Well-Being is designed to create a foundational knowledge base allowing interdisciplinary teams to interact more effectively in addressing the impacts of air pollution from biomass burning on human health. Volume highlights include: Core concepts, principles, and terminology related to smoke and air quality used in different disciplines Observational and modeling tools and approaches in fire science Methods to sense, model, and map smoke in the atmosphere Impacts of biomass burning smoke on the health and well-being of children and adults Perspectives from researchers, modelers, and practitioners Case studies from different countries Information to support decision-making and policy The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation of Smoke, Fire, and Biological Heat Transfer
Author: Stephanie Minh PhamPublisher:
ISBN: 9781369656183
Category : Flame spread
Languages : en
Pages : 65
Book Description
This thesis documents three diverse projects done in the Laboratory for Environmental Flow Modeling. They are presented in the following order: 1) Interception of Smoke from a Forest Canopy, 2) Flame Merge Experiment, and 3) Examination of Testicular Thermoregulation. The first project is an experimental investigation of possible filtering of particulate matter from wildfire smoke dispersing upwards through forest trees of the canopy layer. If the filtering is significant, then it should be accounted for when modeling air quality impact, visibility, and other environmental effects of surface fires in forests. The second project is an experimental investigation of the processes of flame merging and tilting with no wind velocity. It was determined that the flame distance, fuel mass, flame size, and fuel bed configuration are the parameters that influence when the flame will "see" the other flame or obstacle. The third project is to further knowledge of thermoregulation processes of the testicle by examining the influence of cell metabolism and perfusion in tissue through numerical simulation. Detailed modeling of temperature field development inside the isolated and non-isolated testicle show negligible influence.
Investigating the Representation of Smoke and Its Implications for Air Quality and Climate
Author: Thérèse CarterPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Smoke from biomass burning (both wildfires and prescribed and agricultural burns) is important for atmospheric chemistry and composition, air quality, and climate. These impacts are associated with substantial societal implications such as large detrimental health burdens, lost work and school days, and diminished visibility and ability to use the outdoors. However, there are large uncertainties in the magnitude and characteristics of smoke, stemming from considerable unknowns in all parts of the fire system, and thus in our representation of this in models. This thesis aims to address many of these uncertainties with a multipronged approach using models and observations across scales. The scope of the research completed herein is introduced and described in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 focuses on how smoke emissions uncertainties carry through to air quality and radiative impacts with an emphasis on North America using four commonly used smoke inventories, a chemical transport model, and observational constraints, including surface networks, aircraft, and satellites. We show that two of the inventories (GFED4s and GFAS) direct the model closest to observations. While most air quality and climate studies only use one smoke inventory, we find that there is a large range across the inventories in health-relevant surface smoke concentrations and climate-relevant direct radiative effects. Chapter 3 investigates carbonaceous aerosol and its absorption properties from fires in two large fire source regions, the western US and Africa, using observations from three aircraft campaigns focused on fires. We find that smoke from African fires is more absorbing than that in the western US and thus that global climate models need to represent regional heterogeneity in absorption properties. We also show that a 1-day whitening lifetime of brown carbon matches observations well and substantially decreases the warming contribution of biomass burning. Chapter 4 expands the model representation of non-methane organic gases (NMOGs) from fires and investigates how important fires are for atmospheric reactivity. This is the first global estimate of the impact of fire on atmospheric reactivity. Chapter 5 focuses on two quantifiable human levers (human-ignited wildfires and agricultural fires) on smoke particulate matter under 2.5 microns in the US. We calculate that these two human drivers account for over 80% of important health metrics (population-weighted exposure and premature mortality) associated with fires, suggesting large mitigation potential of smok e impacts. Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes the work completed in this thesis.
Retrospective Fire Modeling: Quantifying the Impacts of Fire Supression
Author: Brett DavisPublisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781480172067
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 44
Book Description
When wildfires are suppressed, opportunities are foregone to create fuel breaks, reduce fire regime departures, and decrease future extreme fire behavior by modifying fuels. To our knowledge, no one has yet attempted to systematically quantify these foregone opportunities. This general technical report describes a methodology to measure the cumulative impacts of suppression over time by modeling the spread of ignitions that were suppressed. We illustrate a set of analysis steps to simulate where ignitions would have spread had they not been suppressed and to assess the cumulative effects that would have resulted from those fires. The quantification of these effects will help land managers improve the prioritization and planning of fuels treatments and help inform decisions about the suppression of future ignitions. In its simplest application, the methodology compares two landscapes: the realized landscape vs. a hypothetical landscape. As used throughout this guidebook, a "landscape" refers mainly to the biophysical characteristics of the study area such as vegetation and fuel conditions and potential fire behavior. The realized landscape is the landscape that resulted due to the fire management strategies actually implemented; this is typically the current landscape. The hypothetical landscape is the landscape that would have resulted if different fire management strategies had been chosen (e.g., if one or more suppressed ignitions had been allowed to burn freely). While the examples in this guidebook compare only two landscapes, any number of landscapes could be compared. A case study examines what conditions might have resulted if lightning-ignited fires were not suppressed in the South Fork Merced watershed of Yosemite National Park. The retrospective modeling process requires modeling the spread of ignitions that were suppressed, updating the fuels data to reflect that modeled fire, and repeating this process to account for all the ignitions of interest throughout the simulation period; this results in the hypothetical landscape. Once the modeling cycles are complete, the final step involves assessing the impacts of fire suppression by comparing the hypothetical and realized landscapes using various metrics depending on need and purpose. For example, the hypothetical and realized landscapes might be compared in terms of potential fire behavior (i.e., flame length or crowning potential). This document is a guidebook in that it provides a moderate level of detail for implementing the methodology and uses a case study to illustrate some procedures. However, it does not provide step-by-step instructions. Furthermore, inputs and parameters used in the case study are for illustration and should not be applied uncritically to other situations. Occasionally, specific tips on how best to accomplish the required steps are offered, but this guidebook is not intended to be a tutorial for specific modeling software, nor is it a text on fire behavior, ecology, or management. To implement the methodology here, the user must have some basic skill sets. The most important skills include basic Geographic Information System (GIS) data manipulation and analysis, experience with fire growth modeling software such as FARSITE (Finney 1998), and familiarity with fire management terminology. Other useful skills include familiarity with other fire modeling software such as FlamMap (Finney 2006) and FireFamilyPlus (FFP; Bradshaw and McCormick 2000), and knowledge of fuels characterization, fire weather analysis, fire behavior, fire ecology, and fire management.
User Assessment of Smoke-dispersion Models for Wildland Biomass Burning
Author: Steve BreyfogleRemote Sensing and Modeling of Wildfires
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
Book Description
The application of satellite remote sensing to the detection and study of wildfires has grown rapidly in recent years as new tools have become available and are put into use. Spaceborne imagery can provide a unique perspective to viewing the fire, giving space/time coverage not available with any other observational system. One aspect of fires that can both be detected with satellite imagery and modeled numerically is the smoke plume produced by the fire. Surprisingly, most models designed to study smoke plumes were created to study controlled burns and not wildfires. We use one such model to compare model simulations with a suite of different types of satellite imagery to study a major wildfire. The 2003 Aspen Fire in the mountains north of Tucson, Arizona is used as a case study for the analysis of satellite imagery of a wildfire smoke plume in conjunction with model simulations of this plume. We clearly demonstrate that this plume model can be used to adequately simulate the fire plume as depicted in the satellite imagery when the plume achieves a sufficient altitude. For weak fires and low wind conditions the plumes often follow the local surface topography.
High-resolution Three-dimensional Plume Modeling with Eulerian Atmospheric Chemistry and Transport Models
Author: Fernando Garcia MenendezPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air quality
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Eulerian chemical transport models are extensively used to steer environmental policy, forecast air quality and study atmospheric processes. However, the ability of these models to simulate concentrated atmospheric plumes, including fire-related smoke, may be limited. Wildland fires are important sources of air pollutants and can significantly affect air quality. Emissions released in wildfires and prescribed burns have been known to substantially increase the air pollution burden at urban locations across large regions. Air quality forecasts generated with numerical models can provide valuable information to environmental regulators and land managers about the potential impacts of fires. Eulerian models present an attractive framework to simulate the transport and transformation of fire emissions. Still, the limitations inherent to chemical transport models when applied to replicate smoke plumes must be identified and well understood to adequately interpret results and further improve the models' predictive skills. Here, a modeling framework centered on the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ) is used to simulate several fire episodes that occurred in the Southeastern U.S. and investigate the sensitivity of fine particulate matter concentration predictions to various model inputs and parameters. Significant sources of uncertainty in the model are identified and discussed, including the spatiotemporal allocation of fire emissions and meteorological drivers. In addition, special attention is given to model grid resolution. Adaptive grid modeling is explored as a strategy to simulate fire-related plumes. An adaptive version of CMAQ, capable of dynamically restructuring the grid on which solution fields are estimated and providing refinement at the regions where accuracy is most dependent on resolution, is presented. The fully adaptive three-dimensional modeling technique can be applied to reach unprecedented levels of grid resolution and provide insight into plume dynamics unattainable with static grid models. Through this work the capability of current chemical transport models to replicate fire-related air quality impacts is evaluated, key research needs to achieve effective simulations are identified, and numerical tools designed to improve model performance are developed.
Development of Modeling Tools for Predicting Smoke Dispersion from Low Intensity Fires
Author: Warren E. HeilmanPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dispersion
Languages : en
Pages : 61
Book Description
Of particular concern to fire and air-quality management communities throughout the U.S. are the behavior and air-quality impacts of low-intensity prescribed fires for fuels management. For example, smoke from prescribed fires, which often occur in wildland-urban interface (WUI) areas and in areas where forest vegetation has a significant impact on the local meteorology, can linger for relatively long periods of time and have an adverse effect on human health. Smoke from wildland fires can also reduce visibility over roads and highways in the vicinity of and downwind of these fires, reducing the safety of our transportation system. The planning for and tactical management of low-intensity prescribed fires can be enhanced with models and decision support tools developed with a fundamental understanding of how the atmosphere interacts with these types of fires and the smoke they generate. This particular study focused on (1) an evaluation of several existing coupled meteorological and atmospheric dispersion modeling systems for their potential use as tools to predict the local meteorological and air-quality impacts of low-intensity wildland fires in forested environments,(2) the further development of those modeling systems deemed most appropriate for low intensity wildland fire applications to enhance their local meteorological and air-quality predictive capabilities within forested environments, and (3) the development and analysis of new observational data sets that can be used to evaluate current and future modeling systems and to improve our understanding of fundamental fire-fuel-atmosphere interactions.