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Author: Chandler Puritty Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 98
Book Description
Species interactions in invaded ecosystems are important to understand for predicting future changes in the system and are particularly crucial in the context of global climate change and increasing climate variability. Southern California's predominately shrub dominated ecosystems are being invaded by exotic annual species and are predicted to experience increasingly severe drought. It remains unclear how these shifts in species composition combined with inter-annual climate variability may leave a legacy that affects ecosystem functioning beyond the duration of the disturbance. In this dissertation, I tested the hypothesis that invasion can alter ecosystem function and recovery from drought. Chapter 1 shows that traits rather than fitness differences are most important when predicting competitive outcomes between native and exotic focal species. I found that different combinations of traits may aid in determining which species are most likely to strongly compete with invaders versus those that will be competitively suppressed by invaders. This demonstrates the complexity of the interactions between the native and exotic species in their immediate interactions. Chapter 2 scales up to see how these competitive interactions play out at the ecosystem level in a natural system. I found that native biomass was more resistant to changes in response to drought but that exotic biomass was more resilient in returning to pre-drought abundances in its recovery from drought. The greater decline in exotic biomass with drought was likely driven by life-history differences between native and exotic species in this system, where exotic species are more likely to have an annual life history, and native species are more likely to be perennial. This chapter demonstrated that when exotic and native species differ in life history they may also vary in their resistance and resiliency in response to climate extremes such as drought. Chapter 3 documents how the shifting species composition observed in chapter 2 influenced ecosystem functioning during recovery from drought, particularly with regard to phenology. I found that the most severe drought plots exhibited higher abundances of species with longer blooming phenology duration and ecosystem level shift towards later phenology. I showed that drought can leave a multi-year legacy on these communities that continues once the disturbance has ended. In sum this dissertation shows that invasion alters ecosystem recovery from severe drought as measured by productivity, biomass, and ecosystem level phenology and indicates the importance of evaluating the impact of a disturbance even once recovery has begun.
Author: Chandler Puritty Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 98
Book Description
Species interactions in invaded ecosystems are important to understand for predicting future changes in the system and are particularly crucial in the context of global climate change and increasing climate variability. Southern California's predominately shrub dominated ecosystems are being invaded by exotic annual species and are predicted to experience increasingly severe drought. It remains unclear how these shifts in species composition combined with inter-annual climate variability may leave a legacy that affects ecosystem functioning beyond the duration of the disturbance. In this dissertation, I tested the hypothesis that invasion can alter ecosystem function and recovery from drought. Chapter 1 shows that traits rather than fitness differences are most important when predicting competitive outcomes between native and exotic focal species. I found that different combinations of traits may aid in determining which species are most likely to strongly compete with invaders versus those that will be competitively suppressed by invaders. This demonstrates the complexity of the interactions between the native and exotic species in their immediate interactions. Chapter 2 scales up to see how these competitive interactions play out at the ecosystem level in a natural system. I found that native biomass was more resistant to changes in response to drought but that exotic biomass was more resilient in returning to pre-drought abundances in its recovery from drought. The greater decline in exotic biomass with drought was likely driven by life-history differences between native and exotic species in this system, where exotic species are more likely to have an annual life history, and native species are more likely to be perennial. This chapter demonstrated that when exotic and native species differ in life history they may also vary in their resistance and resiliency in response to climate extremes such as drought. Chapter 3 documents how the shifting species composition observed in chapter 2 influenced ecosystem functioning during recovery from drought, particularly with regard to phenology. I found that the most severe drought plots exhibited higher abundances of species with longer blooming phenology duration and ecosystem level shift towards later phenology. I showed that drought can leave a multi-year legacy on these communities that continues once the disturbance has ended. In sum this dissertation shows that invasion alters ecosystem recovery from severe drought as measured by productivity, biomass, and ecosystem level phenology and indicates the importance of evaluating the impact of a disturbance even once recovery has begun.
Author: Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331969099X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 544
Book Description
With more than 500 species distributed all around the Northern Hemisphere, the genus Quercus L. is a dominant element of a wide variety of habitats including temperate, tropical, subtropical and mediterranean forests and woodlands. As the fossil record reflects, oaks were usual from the Oligocene onwards, showing the high ability of the genus to colonize new and different habitats. Such diversity and ecological amplitude makes genus Quercus an excellent framework for comparative ecophysiological studies, allowing the analysis of many mechanisms that are found in different oaks at different level (leaf or stem). The combination of several morphological and physiological attributes defines the existence of different functional types within the genus, which are characteristic of specific phytoclimates. From a landscape perspective, oak forests and woodlands are threatened by many factors that can compromise their future: a limited regeneration, massive decline processes, mostly triggered by adverse climatic events or the competence with other broad-leaved trees and conifer species. The knowledge of all these facts can allow for a better management of the oak forests in the future.
Author: J. Philip Grime Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118223276 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 362
Book Description
THE EVOLUTIONARY STRATEGIES THAT SHAPE ECOSYSTEMS In 1837 a young Charles Darwin took his notebook, wrote “I think”, and then sketched a rudimentary, stick-like tree. Each branch of Darwin’s tree of life told a story of survival and adaptation – adaptation of animals and plants not just to the environment but also to life with other living things. However, more than 150 years since Darwin published his singular idea of natural selection, the science of ecology has yet to account for how contrasting evolutionary outcomes affect the ability of organisms to coexist in communities and to regulate ecosystem functioning. In this book Philip Grime and Simon Pierce explain how evidence from across the world is revealing that, beneath the wealth of apparently limitless and bewildering variation in detailed structure and functioning, the essential biology of all organisms is subject to the same set of basic interacting constraints on life-history and physiology. The inescapable resulting predicament during the evolution of every species is that, according to habitat, each must adopt a predictable compromise with regard to how they use the resources at their disposal in order to survive. The compromise involves the investment of resources in either the effort to acquire more resources, the tolerance of factors that reduce metabolic performance, or reproduction. This three-way trade-off is the irreducible core of the universal adaptive strategy theory which Grime and Pierce use to investigate how two environmental filters selecting, respectively, for convergence and divergence in organism function determine the identity of organisms in communities, and ultimately how different evolutionary strategies affect the functioning of ecosystems. This book refl ects an historic phase in which evolutionary processes are finally moving centre stage in the effort to unify ecological theory, and animal, plant and microbial ecology have begun to find a common theoretical framework. Companion website This book has a companion website www.wiley.com/go/grime/evolutionarystrategies with Figures and Tables from the book for downloading.
Author: Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0123813646 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 455
Book Description
This thematic volume represents an important and exciting benchmark in the study of food webs and other ecological networks, synthesizing and showcasing current research and highlighting future directions for the development of the field. Updates and informs the reader on the latest research findings Written by leading experts in the field Highlights areas for future investigation
Author: Francesco de Bello Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108472915 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 311
Book Description
Trait-based ecology is rapidly expanding. This comprehensive and accessible guide covers the main concepts and tools in functional ecology.
Author: Ragan M. Callaway Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402062249 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 419
Book Description
This book marshals ecological literature from the last century on facilitation to make the case against the widely accepted individualistic notion of community organization. It examines the idea that positive interactions are more prevalent in physically stressful conditions. Coverage also includes species specificity in facilitative interactions, indirect facilitative interactions, and potential evolutionary aspects of positive interactions.
Author: Harold Mooney Publisher: Univ of California Press ISBN: 0520278801 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 1008
Book Description
This long-anticipated reference and sourcebook for CaliforniaÕs remarkable ecological abundance provides an integrated assessment of each major ecosystem typeÑits distribution, structure, function, and management. A comprehensive synthesis of our knowledge about this biologically diverse state, Ecosystems of California covers the state from oceans to mountaintops using multiple lenses: past and present, flora and fauna, aquatic and terrestrial, natural and managed. Each chapter evaluates natural processes for a specific ecosystem, describes drivers of change, and discusses how that ecosystem may be altered in the future. This book also explores the drivers of CaliforniaÕs ecological patterns and the history of the stateÕs various ecosystems, outlining how the challenges of climate change and invasive species and opportunities for regulation and stewardship could potentially affect the stateÕs ecosystems. The text explicitly incorporates both human impacts and conservation and restoration efforts and shows how ecosystems support human well-being. Edited by two esteemed ecosystem ecologists and with overviews by leading experts on each ecosystem, this definitive work will be indispensable for natural resource management and conservation professionals as well as for undergraduate or graduate students of CaliforniaÕs environment and curious naturalists.
Author: Nathan G. Swenson Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 022667150X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 229
Book Description
Over the past decade, ecologists have increasingly embraced phylogenetics, the study of evolutionary relationships among species. As a result, they have come to discover the field’s power to illuminate present ecological patterns and processes. Ecologists are now investigating whether phylogenetic diversity is a better measure of ecosystem health than more traditional metrics like species diversity, whether it can predict the future structure and function of communities and ecosystems, and whether conservationists might prioritize it when formulating conservation plans. In Phylogenetic Ecology, Nathan G. Swenson synthesizes this nascent field’s major conceptual, methodological, and empirical developments to provide students and practicing ecologists with a foundational overview. Along the way, he highlights those realms of phylogenetic ecology that will likely increase in relevance—such as the burgeoning subfield of phylogenomics—and shows how ecologists might lean on these new perspectives to inform their research programs.
Author: Herman A. Verhoef Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199228973 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 266
Book Description
Community ecology is the study of the interactions between populations of co-existing species. Co-edited by two prominent community ecologists and featuring contributions from top researchers in the field, this book provides a survey of the state-of-the-art in both the theory and applications of the discipline. It pays special attention to topology, dynamics, and the importance of spatial and temporal scale while also looking at applications to emerging problems in human-dominated ecosystems (including the restoration and reconstruction of viable communities). Community Ecology: Processes, Models, and Applications adopts a mainly theoretical approach and focuses on the use of network-based theory, which remains little explored in standard community ecology textbooks. The book includes discussion of the effects of biotic invasions on natural communities; the linking of ecological network structure to empirically measured community properties and dynamics; the effects of evolution on community patterns and processes; and the integration of fundamental interactions into ecological networks. A final chapter indicates future research directions for the discipline.
Author: Chandler Puritty
Author: Chandler Puritty
Author: Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín
Author: J. Philip Grime
Author: 
Author: Francesco de Bello
Author: J. Bastow Wilson
Author: Ragan M. Callaway
Author: Harold Mooney
Author: Nathan G. Swenson
Author: Herman A. Verhoef