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Author: P. Gehlen Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1468419927 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 778
Book Description
This book is the proceedings of the Sixth Battelle Colloquium on the Science of Materials. The Colloquium was devoted to a new field of materials science in which computers are used to conduct the experiments. Although the computer methods used have reached a high degree of sophistication, the underlying principles are relatively straightforward and well understood. The interatomic force laws - a vital input into these computations - however are less well understood. Interatomic Potentials and Simulation of Lattice Defects primarily discusses the validity of a variety of force laws - either from a theoretical point of view or through comparisons of experimental results and those obtained with computer simulation. The format used in previous Battelle Institute Colloquia is followed. The opening session was aimed at providing an overall view of the field of interatomic forces and defect calculations by major contributors. It was led by Dr. G. H. Vineyard, one of the pioneers in this field. The second day was devoted to research papers on theoretical and experimental aspects of interatomic forces. The remaining days were devoted to research papers on computer simulation of the four types of defects: point defects, line defects, surface defects, and volume defects.
Author: P. Gehlen Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1468419927 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 778
Book Description
This book is the proceedings of the Sixth Battelle Colloquium on the Science of Materials. The Colloquium was devoted to a new field of materials science in which computers are used to conduct the experiments. Although the computer methods used have reached a high degree of sophistication, the underlying principles are relatively straightforward and well understood. The interatomic force laws - a vital input into these computations - however are less well understood. Interatomic Potentials and Simulation of Lattice Defects primarily discusses the validity of a variety of force laws - either from a theoretical point of view or through comparisons of experimental results and those obtained with computer simulation. The format used in previous Battelle Institute Colloquia is followed. The opening session was aimed at providing an overall view of the field of interatomic forces and defect calculations by major contributors. It was led by Dr. G. H. Vineyard, one of the pioneers in this field. The second day was devoted to research papers on theoretical and experimental aspects of interatomic forces. The remaining days were devoted to research papers on computer simulation of the four types of defects: point defects, line defects, surface defects, and volume defects.
Author: David J. Srolovitz Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1468457039 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 454
Book Description
This book contains proceedings of an international symposium on Atomistic th Simulation of Materials: Beyond Pair Potentials which was held in Chicago from the 25 th to 30 of September 1988, in conjunction with the ASM World Materials Congress. This symposium was financially supported by the Energy Conversion and Utilization Technology Program of the U. S Department of Energy and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. A total of fifty four talks were presented of which twenty one were invited. Atomistic simulations are now common in materials research. Such simulations are currently used to determine the structural and thermodynamic properties of crystalline solids, glasses and liquids. They are of particular importance in studies of crystal defects, interfaces and surfaces since their structures and behavior playa dominant role in most materials properties. The utility of atomistic simulations lies in their ability to provide information on those length scales where continuum theory breaks down and instead complex many body problems have to be solved to understand atomic level structures and processes.
Author: Iam Torrens Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323158692 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
Interatomic Potentials provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of the interaction between atoms. This book discusses the theory of interatomic forces or potentials, which deals with the complicated problem of many-body interactions. Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the physical principles behind a range of atomic interactions and show how they can be applied to some atomic problems. This text then examines some of the theories of the atom that employ various approximate methods to simplify the many-body problem and estimate it potential energy. Other chapters consider the application of computer techniques to atomic problems. This book discusses as well the general principles and the particular types of pair interactions based on the pseudopotential method. The final chapter deals with some applications of interatomic potentials. This book is a valuable resource for graduate students, research workers, and teachers. Atomic and solid state physicists will also find this book useful.
Author: Yaakov Kraftmakher Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814493961 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 342
Book Description
Despite the significant progress in the study of point defects in metals, some important problems still do not have unambiguous solutions. One of the most practically important questions relates to equilibrium defect concentrations. There exist two opposite viewpoints: (1) defect contributions to physical properties of metals at high temperatures are small and cannot be separated from the effects of anharmonicity; the equilibrium defect concentrations at the melting points are in the range of 10-4 to 10-3; (2) in many cases, defect contributions to the specific heat of metals are much larger than nonlinear effects of anharmonicity and can be separated without crucial errors; the equilibrium concentrations at the melting points are of the order of 10-3 in low-melting-point metals and 10-2 in high-melting-point metals.This book discusses the experimental results and theoretical considerations favoring each claim. At present, the majority of the scientific community hold the first viewpoint. Regrettably, the data supporting the second viewpoint have never been displayed and discussed together, and the criticism of this viewpoint has never included a detailed analysis. Important arguments supporting this viewpoint have appeared in the last decade. It may turn out that just calorimetric determinations provide the most reliable values of equilibrium defect concentrations in metals. In this book, the main attention is paid to equilibrium point defects in metals and their relation to thermophysical properties of metals. Along with a discussion on experimental data and theoretical estimates now available, some approaches are proposed that seem to be most suitable for settling the question.
Author: G E Murch Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0323140300 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 503
Book Description
Diffusion in Crystalline Solids addresses some of the most active areas of research on diffusion in crystalline solids. Topics covered include measurement of tracer diffusion coefficients in solids, diffusion in silicon and germanium, atom transport in oxides of the fluorite structure, tracer diffusion in concentrated alloys, diffusion in dislocations, grain boundary diffusion mechanisms in metals, and the use of the Monte Carlo Method to simulate diffusion kinetics. This book is made up of eight chapters and begins with an introduction to the measurement of diffusion coefficients with radioisotopes. The following three chapters consider diffusion in materials of substantial technological importance such as silicon and germanium. Atomic transport in oxides of the fluorite structure is described, and diffusion in concentrated alloys, including intermetallic compounds, is analyzed. The next two chapters delve into diffusion along short-circuiting paths, focusing on the effect of diffusion down dislocations on the form of the tracer concentration profile. The book also discusses the mechanisms of diffusion in grain boundaries in metals by invoking considerable work done on grain-boundary structure. The last two chapters are concerned with computer simulation, paying particular attention to machine calculations and the Monte Carlo method. The book concludes by exploring the fundamental atomic migration process and presenting some state-of-the-art calculations for defect energies and the topology of the saddle surface. Students and researchers of material science will find this book extremely useful.
Author: E. Collings Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1468407570 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 310
Book Description
This book is the proceedings of a Symposium entitled "The Physics of Solid-Solution Strengthening in Alloys" which was held at McCormick Place, Chicago, on October 2, 1973, in association with a joint meeting of the American Society for Metals (ASM) and The Metallurgical Society (TMS) of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME). The symposium, which was initiated and organized by the editors of this volume, was sponsored by the Committee on Alloy Phases, Institute of Metals Division, TMS, AIME, and the Flow and Fracture Section of the Materials Science Division, ASM. The discipline of Alloy Design has been very active in recent years, during which considerable stress has been placed on the roles of crystallography and microstructure in the rationalization and prediction of properties. Underestimated as a component of alloy design, however, has been the importance of physical property studies, even though physical property measurements have tradi tionally been employed to augment direct or x-ray observations in the determination of phase equilibrium (and, indeed, metastable equilibrium) boundaries.
Author: Colin Humphreys Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000717143 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 354
Book Description
This is a very special book for two reasons. First, it is a tribute to Professor Sir Peter Hirsch from his students, colleagues and friends. Second, it is a collection of specially written review articles by world-class scientists that take the readers from the origins of modem materials science through to the cutting edge of the subject in the twenty- first century. The book will be a valuable resource for all researchers in materials science, particularly those specialising in electron microscopy and diffraction, and in the mechanical properties of materials. The front and back covers of this book are coloured images of historic electron micrographs depicting the first observation in the world of moving dislocations. The pictures were taken by Mike Whelan, then a research student of Peter Hirsch. The image on the front cover is before some dislocations have moved, and the back cover image is after the movement. See if you can spot the difference! This book had its genesis in a symposium organised by Mike Goringe, John Hutchison and myself to mark the retirement of Peter Hirsch from the Isaac Wolfson Chair of Metallurgy at Oxford. This symposium brought together a large number of Peter's former students and colleagues. Some of the most distinguished of these have now written the chapters in this book. The opening chapter, by Professor Ugo Valdre, provides a fascinating biographical sketch of Peter Hirsch from his early career in Cambridge to his retirement in Oxford. It contains many illuminating insights into the personality of Peter, both as a scientist and as a man. The next two chapters focus on the development of electron microscopy and diffraction. Professor Mike Whelan gives an eye-witness account of the seminal early work of Peter and his colleagues at Cambridge on the first observation of dislocations and their movements, using trans-mission electron microscopy. Professor Archie Howie extends this account to the present day, describing nanometer-scale resolution in scanning electron microscopes and atomic scale resolution in the scanning tunnelling microscope.
Author: Roger E. Stoller Publisher: ASTM International ISBN: 080311477X Category : Materials Languages : en Pages : 1315
Book Description
Symposium held in Nashville, Tennessee, June 1990. Almost two-thirds of these 91 papers are authored by researchers outside of the US (including information on research in the former USSR, Japan, and Europe). Topics include: current commercial power reactor systems; microstructural characterization
Author: P. Gehlen
Author: P. Gehlen
Author: David J. Srolovitz
Author: Iam Torrens
Author: Yaakov Kraftmakher
Author: 
Author: G E Murch
Author: E. Collings
Author: Colin Humphreys
Author: A. E. Ringwood
Author: Roger E. Stoller