Interannual Variability of the Upper Ocean in the Southeast Pacific Stratus Cloud Region PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 18
Book Description
Persistent stratus/stratocumulus cloud decks in the southeast Pacific near the coasts of Peru and northern Chile play an important role in regional and global climate variability. Interannual variability of the upper ocean under stratus cloud decks in the southeast Pacific is investigated using ocean general circulation model (OGCM) experiments. The model was first forced with daily surface fluxes based on the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis and satellite-derived surface shortwave and longwave radiation for the period of 1979-2004. Gridded surface heat flux estimates used in the model integration agree well with those based on Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Improved Meteorology (IMET) buoy measurements at 208S, 858W. Also, the OGCM is able to reproduce well the observed interannual SST and sea surface height variations in this region. The results suggest that the interannual variation of the upper ocean north of 208S is mostly associated with ENSO variability. Additional model experiments were conducted to examine the relative importance of ocean dynamics and surface heat fluxes in determining the interannual variation in SST. The results of these experiments indicate that upper-ocean dynamics play a dominant role in controlling the interannual variation of SST north of 208S in the stratus cloud region. The upper-ocean heat budget analysis shows that meridional heat advection associated with ENSO events primarily controls the interannual SST variation in the stratus cloud region north of 208S.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 18
Book Description
Persistent stratus/stratocumulus cloud decks in the southeast Pacific near the coasts of Peru and northern Chile play an important role in regional and global climate variability. Interannual variability of the upper ocean under stratus cloud decks in the southeast Pacific is investigated using ocean general circulation model (OGCM) experiments. The model was first forced with daily surface fluxes based on the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis and satellite-derived surface shortwave and longwave radiation for the period of 1979-2004. Gridded surface heat flux estimates used in the model integration agree well with those based on Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Improved Meteorology (IMET) buoy measurements at 208S, 858W. Also, the OGCM is able to reproduce well the observed interannual SST and sea surface height variations in this region. The results suggest that the interannual variation of the upper ocean north of 208S is mostly associated with ENSO variability. Additional model experiments were conducted to examine the relative importance of ocean dynamics and surface heat fluxes in determining the interannual variation in SST. The results of these experiments indicate that upper-ocean dynamics play a dominant role in controlling the interannual variation of SST north of 208S in the stratus cloud region. The upper-ocean heat budget analysis shows that meridional heat advection associated with ENSO events primarily controls the interannual SST variation in the stratus cloud region north of 208S.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 20
Book Description
The annual mean heat budget of the upper ocean beneath the stratocumulus/stratus cloud deck in the southeast Pacific is estimated using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) and an eddy-resolving Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Both are compared with estimates based on Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Improved Meteorological (IMET) buoy observations at 208S, 858W. Net surface heat fluxes are positive (warming) over most of the area under the stratus cloud deck. Upper-ocean processes responsible for balancing the surface heat flux are examined by estimating each term in the heat equation. In contrast to surface heat fluxes, geostrophic transport in the upper 50 meters causes net cooling in most of the stratus cloud deck region. Ekman transport provides net warming north of the IMET site and net cooling south of the IMET site. Although the eddy heat flux divergence term can be comparable to other terms at a particular location, such as the IMET mooring site, it is negligible for the entire stratus region when area averaged because it is not spatially coherent in the open ocean. Although cold-core eddies are often generated near the coast in the eddy-resolving model, they do not significantly impact the heat budget in the open ocean in the southeast Pacific.
Author: Elizabeth M. Douglass Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 132
Book Description
Interannual variability of the volume, heat, and freshwater circulation in the North Pacific Ocean is explored through a joint analysis of observations and the output from a data-assimilating model. High-resolution repeated expendable bathythermograph (XBT) transects provide an observational basis for analysis of transport of volume, heat, and freshwater in the North Pacific. The Estimating the Climate and Circulation of the Ocean (ECCO) Consortium uses the adjoint method to constrain an ocean circulation model with observations, producing dynamically consistent time-varying ocean state estimates. These state estimates provide a context in which the detailed information from the observations can be used for analysis of the mean and variability of ocean circulation. An initial analysis of volume transport in the Northeast Pacific demonstrates that comparisons between a global ocean state estimate and the data are useful in understanding the large-scale gyre interactions, as well as connections with larger scale signals. To improve the accuracy of the ocean state estimate in the North Pacific, several experiments are performed with the ECCO model in a regional setting. First, we withhold subsets of the data from the assimilation to emphasize the importance of including all available data in order to obtain an accurate state estimate. Separately, we determine that increasing the weights on the subsurface data increases the accuracy of the subsurface estimate with minimal cost to the accuracy of the surface estimate. This new North Pacific state estimate is used to develop heat and freshwater budgets. A trans-Pacific XBT track defines the southern boundary of a closed region, and in that region the balance between cross-track advective transport and surface fluxes gives an estimate of the time-varying storage of heat and freshwater. The mean estimates of transport and storage compare well with previous research. In addition, estimates of the magnitude of variability are provided. The freshwater budget is found to be relatively stable, while the heat budget has large interannual variability. Connections between the variability of the heat storage in the North Pacific and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation climate signal are found.
Author: Carlos R. Mechoso Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108492703 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 359
Book Description
A comprehensive review of interactions between the climates of different ocean basins and their key contributions to global climate variability and change. Providing essential theory and discussing outstanding examples as well as impacts on monsoons, it a useful resource for graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric and ocean sciences.
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Author: Joel R. Norris
Author: Elizabeth M. Douglass
Author: Bohua Huang
Author: Carlos R. Mechoso
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Author: David A. Cole
Author: Alan P. Leonardi
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