Interactions of Whitefly Bemisia Tabaci with a Begomovirus and Its Host Plant, Solanum Lycopersicum PDF Download
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Author: Wendy Gay Marchant Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 408
Book Description
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a Begomovirus that causes severe symptoms in tomatoes such as curling of the leaves, chlorosis, stunted growth, and yield losses. The vector is Bemisia tabaci, which transmits the virus in a persistant and circulative manner. TYLCV arrived in Florida in the mid 1990's and has spread northward into Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama. TYLCV's overwintering mechanism is currently unknown, so transovarial and sexual transmission in the whitefly were tested for using PCR and plant transmission experiments, as these modes of transmission could indicate TYLCV overwinters in the whitefly. Transovarial and sexual transmission of TYLCV was found, but the insects were not infectious to plants. TYLCV-resistant tomato cultivars are currently the best method to control for yield losses due to the virus. However, in other pathosystems, viruses have broken resistance in their respective crops. TYLCV genomes isolated from resistant and susceptible cultivars were compared to investigate for this threat. There were not any apparent differences between the genomes, indicating that TYLCV-resistant tomatoes can continue to be of use. Also, many studies have examined the phylogeny and introductions of TYLCV into new geographic regions, but a population genetics approach on a world-wide scale has not been conducted. Hundreds of TYLCV genomes available on GenBank, and from Florida and Georgia, were amassed to test for recombination, polymorphisms, population neutrality, gene flow and genetic differentiation, selection, and phylogeny. The Middle East was confirmed to be the likely origin of TYLCV and showed the highest diversity. In general, the TYLCV species is highly variable and is spreading most rapidly in Southeast Asia. Mixed infections of different Begomovirus species have been reported in many different plants. However, few studies have examined mixed infections of different virus isolates from the same species. Mixed TYLCV infections were sought for in tomatoes from the field. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the competitiveness of two different TYLCV isolates. Lastly, tomato genotypes with acylsugar-exuding trichomes were assessed for whitefly resistance. These genotypes showed xenobiosis and antibiosis toward the whitefly, but were still susceptible to TYLCV inoculation by whiteflies.
Author: Wendy Gay Marchant Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 408
Book Description
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a Begomovirus that causes severe symptoms in tomatoes such as curling of the leaves, chlorosis, stunted growth, and yield losses. The vector is Bemisia tabaci, which transmits the virus in a persistant and circulative manner. TYLCV arrived in Florida in the mid 1990's and has spread northward into Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama. TYLCV's overwintering mechanism is currently unknown, so transovarial and sexual transmission in the whitefly were tested for using PCR and plant transmission experiments, as these modes of transmission could indicate TYLCV overwinters in the whitefly. Transovarial and sexual transmission of TYLCV was found, but the insects were not infectious to plants. TYLCV-resistant tomato cultivars are currently the best method to control for yield losses due to the virus. However, in other pathosystems, viruses have broken resistance in their respective crops. TYLCV genomes isolated from resistant and susceptible cultivars were compared to investigate for this threat. There were not any apparent differences between the genomes, indicating that TYLCV-resistant tomatoes can continue to be of use. Also, many studies have examined the phylogeny and introductions of TYLCV into new geographic regions, but a population genetics approach on a world-wide scale has not been conducted. Hundreds of TYLCV genomes available on GenBank, and from Florida and Georgia, were amassed to test for recombination, polymorphisms, population neutrality, gene flow and genetic differentiation, selection, and phylogeny. The Middle East was confirmed to be the likely origin of TYLCV and showed the highest diversity. In general, the TYLCV species is highly variable and is spreading most rapidly in Southeast Asia. Mixed infections of different Begomovirus species have been reported in many different plants. However, few studies have examined mixed infections of different virus isolates from the same species. Mixed TYLCV infections were sought for in tomatoes from the field. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the competitiveness of two different TYLCV isolates. Lastly, tomato genotypes with acylsugar-exuding trichomes were assessed for whitefly resistance. These genotypes showed xenobiosis and antibiosis toward the whitefly, but were still susceptible to TYLCV inoculation by whiteflies.
Author: Winston M.O. Thompson Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400715242 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 406
Book Description
The book presents a chronology of events of B. tabaci and geminiviruses, and an overview within the Caribbean and Latin America. The pathosystems involving Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, Cotton leaf curl virus and the cassava mosaic viruses are discussed. Data is presented on amino acid concentrations influencing B. tabaci and thus serves the basis for holidic diets. The essential molecular techniques for B. tabaci identification and classification are included with factors to consider for appropriate applications; an essential working guide for graduate students and researchers in the molecular field. Excellent photos portray symptoms of geminivirus-infecting crops: tomato, cotton, cassava, legumes and cucurbits; an important guide for researchers and growers. The novel insecticides, their mode of action and specificity; emphasize the applications of these within IPM programs.
Author: Winston M O Thompson Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9789400715257 Category : Languages : en Pages : 414
Book Description
This book offers a chronology of events of B. tabaci and geminiviruses, and an overview of activity in the Caribbean and Latin America. Covers molecular identification techniques and novel insecticides, and includes high-quality photos showing infected crops.
Author: A. N. Basu Publisher: Westview Press ISBN: Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 210
Book Description
A major insect pest whose unprecedented population explosions during the past decade caused a sensation in various parts of the globe, the whitefly— Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)—both causes direct damage to plants and transmits a large number of plant viruses. Infestation has typically resulted in losses of up to 80 percent in yields of cotton, soybeans, tobacco, and other crops. In this invaluable reference, A. N. Basu has compiled, for the first time, all of the significant international research on B. tabaci entomology, plant virology, and management and control of this widespread pest. The volume will be an essential resource for entomologists, plant virologists, and agronomists, who will be interested in having the latest information about B. tabaci.
Author: Philip A. Stansly Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9048124603 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 544
Book Description
Bemisia tabaci (Gennedius) has distinguished itself from the more than 1,000 whitefly species in the world by its adaptability, persistence and potential to damage a wide range of agricultural and horticultural crops in all six of the world’s inhabited continents. B. tabaci inflicts plant damage through direct feeding, inducement of plant disorders, vectoring of plant viruses and excretion of honeydew. This book collates multiple aspects of the pest ranging from basic to applied science and molecular to landscape levels of investigation. Experts in multiple disciplines provide broad, but detailed summaries and discussion of taxonomy, genetics, anatomy, morphology, physiology, behavior, ecology, symbiotic relationships, virus vector associations and various tactics for integrated management of this pest insect. The book is focused primarily on progress during the last 10-15 years and is directed at workers in the field as well as the informed professional who may not necessarily specialize in whitefly research. The book is unique in providing broad coverage in relatively few chapters by recognized experts that highlight the state-of-the-art in our understanding of this fascinating but troublesome cosmopolitan pest.
Author: Henryk Czosnek Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 140204769X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 437
Book Description
Ideally suited to horticulturalists and plant virologists, this highly useful text offers a multidisciplinary view on one of the major diseases of tomato crops, the tomato yellow leaf curl disease. It deals with epidemiological aspects of the disease as well as integrated pest management in the field. Coverage discusses the efforts aimed at breeding tomato plants resistant to the virus by classical breeding, by marker-assisted breeding and by genetic engineering.
Author: Sangeeta Saxena Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811059845 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 332
Book Description
Begomoviruses are one of the most interesting plant viruses to study for basic and applied research as they cause huge economic losses to agriculture industries and farmers all over the world. They belong to family Geminiviridae and are emergent plant viral pathogens which cause diseases in various crops in the tropical and subtropical regions. They are transmitted by the whitefly (B. tabaci) and have either one (monopartite DNA-A) or two (bipartite DNA-A and DNA-B) genomic components. DNA-A and DNA-B are of ~2600 - 2800 nucleotides each. A number of serious diseases of cultivated crops of the Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae families are caused by Begomoviruses which are considered as threat to their cultivation in many countries. Accurate diagnosis is important for successful diseases management, since plants infected by Begomovirus do not recover, suffer serious yield losses and act as further sources of inoculum, which is then picked up and spread by their vector whitefly (B. tabaci). Reports of occurrence of new viruses and re-emergence of several known viruses in new niches have become regular event. In such a dynamic system, growth of several crop species relies on an accurate diagnosis, management and better understanding of the biology of the casual virus. This is crucial to evolve appropriate control practices and to prevent the virus infection. Researchers have achieved considerable progress in characterization, detection and management of virus on different crop species in the last decade. This book covers latest information in diagnosis of begomoviruses in the present scenario and explores the new vistas in the field of genomics and proteomics. Chapters in Section 1 illustrates the occurrence, genome organisation, transmission and diagnostics of begomoviruses. It also details the diseases caused by begomoviruses on different crops, detection techniques and management strategies in support of research findings by presentation of data, graphics, figures and tables. Section 2 is a chapterwise collection of occurrence, diversity and status of begomoviruses in Asian Africa counties where the diseases are most prevalent. This book will provide wide opportunity to the readers to have complete information and status of begomovirus in Asia and Africa. This will be useful resource for researchers and extension workers involved in the begomvirus disease diagnosis and molecular biology. Expert detection, accurate diagnosis and timely management play a significant role in keeping plants free from pathogens. In this book expert researchers share their research knowledge and literature which are vital towards the diagnosis of begomoviruses, addressing traditional plant pathology techniques as well as advanced molecular diagnostic approach. The book deals with the economically important crops including fruits, vegetables along with challenges in crop protection against diseases caused by begomovirus. This will be resourceful and handy for researcher, practitioners and also students.
Author: Waqas Wakil Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128135085 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 374
Book Description
Sustainable Management of Arthropod Pests of Tomato provides insight into the proper and appropriate application of pesticides and the integration of alternative pest management methods. The basis of good crop management decisions is a better understanding of the crop ecosystem, including the pests, their natural enemies, and the crop itself. This book provides a global overview of the biology and management of key arthropod pests of tomatoes, including arthropod-vectored diseases. It includes information that places tomatoes in terms of global food production and food security, with each pest chapter including the predators and parasitoids that have specifically been found to have the greatest impact on reducing that particular pest. In-depth coverage of the development of resistance in tomato plants and the biotic and abiotic elicitors of resistance and detailed information about the sustainable management of tomato pests is also presented. Provides basic biological and management information for arthropod pests of tomato from a global perspective, encompassing all production types (field, protected, organic) Includes chapters on integrated management of tomato pests and specific aspects of tomato pest management, including within protected structures and in organic production Presents management systems that have been tested in the real-world by the authors of each chapter Fully illustrated throughout with line drawings and color plates that illustrate key pest and beneficial arthropods associated with tomato production around the world
Author: Wendy Gay Marchant
Author: Wendy Gay Marchant
Author: Winston M.O. Thompson
Author: Winston M O Thompson
Author: A. N. Basu
Author: Philip A. Stansly
Author: GOVINDAPPA M. R
Author: 蘇珊媞
Author: Henryk Czosnek
Author: Sangeeta Saxena
Author: Waqas Wakil