Interactions Between Herbicides and the Soil PDF Download

Author: R. J. Hance
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 374

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Sommari in inglese, francese e tedesco.

Author: Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Herbicides
Languages : en
Pages : 92

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The introduction of microorganisms with specific degradative capacities into the soil was shown to be a possible means of ridding the soil of contaminating chemicals. An investigation of the interactions of soil microorganisms and several groups of herbicidal compounds, primarily chlorinated derivatives, was made. In pure culture and in soils the addition of 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA) had little effect upon bacterial growth, and several microorganisms appeared to use the herbicide as a carbon source. The encouragement of the soil microflora by the addition of nutrient broths resulted in a reduction of toxicity to plants of a number of herbicides. Isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate (IPC) degrading organisms, when added to soil, accelerated the degradation of IPC and related compounds. A membrane 'biologicalilter' device for reducing waterborne biodegradable pollutants was also demonstrated using these organisms.

Author: R J. Hance
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: J.-M. Bollag
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351416057
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 584

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Explores the role of biochemical processes in the soil environment, particularly the activity of microorganisms, and the potential application of those processes to environmental biotechnology. The 11 papers also highlight the application of molecular biology and microbial genetics to soil biology a

Author: Jay D. Gile
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plant-soil relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 12

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soils
Languages : en
Pages : 170

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Experiments were performed in pursuit of understanding of interactions between herbicides and soils, focusing on the effects of heterogeneity within soil organic matter (SOM), and the aggregation of SOM with mineral matter in soils, on equilibrium sorption and sorption rates of herbicides. For this purpose, sorption of three herbicides -- atrazine, metolachlor and napropamide -- was studied on a bulk soil, a bulk peat and three fractions that were chemically isolated from it. Studies were also performed using the well studied polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) phenanthrene to provide a comparison for the herbicides. The sorbents extracted from the soil and peat -- Base extracted fraction (BE), humic acids fraction (HA) and kerogen and black carbon fraction (KB) were characterized with elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and surface area measurements and subjected to sorption and desorption equilibrium studies and sorption rate investigations. The herbicides were found to exhibit non linear sorption isotherms on all the sorbents, with HA from both soil and peat showing the least non linear isotherms and fastest sorption rates among all the sorbents. HA fraction also showed the least dependence of equilibrium or time dependent organic carbon normalized sorption capacity (KOC or KOC(t)) on initial aqueous solute concentration. This result was in accordance with the amorphous nature of the HA material and similar to that observed for PAHs. Herbicide atrazine was found to react with HA and was transformed to hydroxyatrazine in its presence. KOC or KOC(t) values for all other sorbents were found to be dependent on initial aqueous solute concentration. High sorption capacity of KB dominated the sorption for all the herbicides, with this capacity being diminished by the aggregation structure of the soil. Significant sorption hysteresis was not observed for the sorption of herbicides on the KB fraction, unlike that observed for phenanthrene, indicating large herbicide molecules do not penetrate nanopores of KB. Hysteresis observed for the bulk soil and BE for atrazine was attributed to chemical interactions between the sorbents and the herbicide. Overall this dissertation found that the herbicides exhibit hydrophobic interactions with soils, similar to PAHs, but owing to their large molecular sizes and polarities may exhibit site specific interactions and lack of hysteresis with soil components that call for changes in existing fate and transport models and further microscopic understanding.

Author: Andrew Price
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535111124
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 666

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Herbicide use is a common component of many weed management strategies in both agricultural and non-crop settings. However, herbicide use practices and recommendations are continuously updated and revised to provide control of ever-changing weed compositions and to preserve efficacy of current weed control options. Herbicides - Current Research and Case Studies in Use provides information about current trends in herbicide use and weed control in different land and aquatic settings as well as case studies in particular weed control situations.

Author: Kassio Ferreira Mendes
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000592928
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 280

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Interactions of Biochar and Herbicides in the Environment details how biochar interferes with herbicide behavior which includes processes such as sorption-desorption, runoff, leaching, and degradation in soil and weed control efficacy. The book provides essential information on biochar applications in agriculture, production systems, and the physicochemical properties of biochar and herbicides, and their interactions. Features: • Elucidates the physicochemical characteristics of biochar that affect herbicide bioavailability in soil solution • Demonstrates the remediation of herbicide-contaminated waters with the addition of biochar to avoid environmental impacts to aquatic organisms • Describes numerous agronomic and environmental benefits of biochar and its potential as a soil amendment to herbicide remediation • Includes diagrams of herbicide behavior in the environment to further the user’s knowledge Written by a team of international experts, Interactions of Biochar and Herbicides in the Environment is a valuable resource for students and professionals involved with weed science and soil pollution, and is of great interest to those concerned with pesticides and their fate in the environment.

Author: M. Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030905462
Category : Science
Languages : bg
Pages : 380

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This book reviews the occurrence and fate of pesticides in soils, their impact on soil quality and soil ecosystems, and it also provides a comprehensive overview of the latest prevention and remediation strategies of soil contamination. Chapters from expert contributors cover topics such as soil pollution monitoring, the role of dissolved organic matter on the environmental fate of pesticides in soils, the effects of pesticides on soil microbial communities, plant uptake of pesticides from soils, and nano-based pesticides. Particular attention is given to the latest physicochemical and biological technologies developed to immobilize or degrade pesticides, preventing soil and water pollution. Given its scope, the book will appeal to researchers, professionals, including environmental chemists, engineers, ecologists, and policy-makers responsible for soil management.

Author: Kassio Mendes
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000592898
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 297

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Book Description
Interactions of Biochar and Herbicides in the Environment details how biochar interferes with herbicide behavior which includes processes such as sorption-desorption, runoff, leaching, and degradation in soil and weed control efficacy. The book provides essential information on biochar applications in agriculture, production systems, and the physicochemical properties of biochar and herbicides, and their interactions. Features: • Elucidates the physicochemical characteristics of biochar that affect herbicide bioavailability in soil solution • Demonstrates the remediation of herbicide-contaminated waters with the addition of biochar to avoid environmental impacts to aquatic organisms • Describes numerous agronomic and environmental benefits of biochar and its potential as a soil amendment to herbicide remediation • Includes diagrams of herbicide behavior in the environment to further the user’s knowledge Written by a team of international experts, Interactions of Biochar and Herbicides in the Environment is a valuable resource for students and professionals involved with weed science and soil pollution, and is of great interest to those concerned with pesticides and their fate in the environment.