Integrating Cover Crops and Herbicides for Horseweed and Palmer Amaranth Management in No-till Soybean PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Integrating Cover Crops and Herbicides for Horseweed and Palmer Amaranth Management in No-till Soybean PDF full book. Access full book title Integrating Cover Crops and Herbicides for Horseweed and Palmer Amaranth Management in No-till Soybean by Chelsea Marie McCall. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Chelsea Marie McCall Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Palmer amaranth and horseweed are problematic weeds in no-till soybeans in Kansas. Integrating cover crops and herbicide programs could suppress weed populations. To determine the emergence pattern and survival of horseweed, a study was conducted across six locations in eastern KS in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Horseweed seedlings and leaf number per seedling were recorded at two-week intervals. Cumulative GDDs required to reach 50% horseweed emergence increased from north to south. Horseweed survival ranged from 4 to 90%, and majority of horseweed emerged in the fall. Field studies were conducted to determine effects of cover crops and herbicide programs on Palmer amaranth near Manhattan, KS in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Five cover crop treatments included no cover, fall-sown winter wheat, spring-sown oat, pea, and mixture of oat and pea. Cover crops were terminated in May with glyphosate and 2,4-D alone or with residual herbicides of flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone. By 10 weeks after termination in 2014-2015, Palmer amaranth biomass and density, averaged across cover crops. was 95 and 69% less with residual herbicides than without, respectively, and Palmer amaranth biomass was 98% less in winter wheat and 91% less in spring oat, averaged across termination methods, compared to no cover. Time to 50% Palmer amaranth emergence was delayed with winter wheat, spring oat, and spring oat/pea mix without residual herbicide. Soybean yields were greater with residual herbicide and greater with winter wheat or spring oat cover crop in 2014-2015. A field study was conducted to determine suppression effects of cover crop and herbicide programs on horseweed and Palmer amaranth near Manhattan, KS in 2015-2016. Three fall treatments included fall-sown rye, a residual herbicide tank mix of glyphosate, dicamba, chlorimuron-ethyl, tribenuron-methyl, and AMS, and no fall application. Four spring treatments included no spring application or three herbicide tank mixes: glyphosate, dicamba, and AMS alone or with flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone as early preplant, or as split applied with 2/3 preplant and 1/3 at soybean planting. Similar levels of horseweed suppression were observed when some control measure was used in fall or spring. Fall rye completely suppressed horseweed while the fall herbicide suppressed biomass by 93% and density by 86% compared to no fall application. Palmer amaranth suppression was observed when a spring herbicide application was used. In rye, total weed biomass was reduced by 97% or more across all spring treatments. Total weed biomass was reduced with a spring herbicide was used. Soybean yields were least when no herbicide treatment was used in the spring. An integrated program of fall cover crops or herbicide applications together with spring herbicide applications maintained soybean yields.
Author: Chelsea Marie McCall Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Palmer amaranth and horseweed are problematic weeds in no-till soybeans in Kansas. Integrating cover crops and herbicide programs could suppress weed populations. To determine the emergence pattern and survival of horseweed, a study was conducted across six locations in eastern KS in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Horseweed seedlings and leaf number per seedling were recorded at two-week intervals. Cumulative GDDs required to reach 50% horseweed emergence increased from north to south. Horseweed survival ranged from 4 to 90%, and majority of horseweed emerged in the fall. Field studies were conducted to determine effects of cover crops and herbicide programs on Palmer amaranth near Manhattan, KS in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Five cover crop treatments included no cover, fall-sown winter wheat, spring-sown oat, pea, and mixture of oat and pea. Cover crops were terminated in May with glyphosate and 2,4-D alone or with residual herbicides of flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone. By 10 weeks after termination in 2014-2015, Palmer amaranth biomass and density, averaged across cover crops. was 95 and 69% less with residual herbicides than without, respectively, and Palmer amaranth biomass was 98% less in winter wheat and 91% less in spring oat, averaged across termination methods, compared to no cover. Time to 50% Palmer amaranth emergence was delayed with winter wheat, spring oat, and spring oat/pea mix without residual herbicide. Soybean yields were greater with residual herbicide and greater with winter wheat or spring oat cover crop in 2014-2015. A field study was conducted to determine suppression effects of cover crop and herbicide programs on horseweed and Palmer amaranth near Manhattan, KS in 2015-2016. Three fall treatments included fall-sown rye, a residual herbicide tank mix of glyphosate, dicamba, chlorimuron-ethyl, tribenuron-methyl, and AMS, and no fall application. Four spring treatments included no spring application or three herbicide tank mixes: glyphosate, dicamba, and AMS alone or with flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone as early preplant, or as split applied with 2/3 preplant and 1/3 at soybean planting. Similar levels of horseweed suppression were observed when some control measure was used in fall or spring. Fall rye completely suppressed horseweed while the fall herbicide suppressed biomass by 93% and density by 86% compared to no fall application. Palmer amaranth suppression was observed when a spring herbicide application was used. In rye, total weed biomass was reduced by 97% or more across all spring treatments. Total weed biomass was reduced with a spring herbicide was used. Soybean yields were least when no herbicide treatment was used in the spring. An integrated program of fall cover crops or herbicide applications together with spring herbicide applications maintained soybean yields.
Author: Larry Joe Rains (III) Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Horseweed and Palmer amaranth are common weeds in Kansas that compete against many row crops. Horseweed can emerge in different seasons depending on the year. Palmer amaranth emerges from spring throughout the summer months and has a rapid growth rate with higher temperatures. Three separate studies were conducted near Manhattan, KS from 2016 to 2018 to determine (1) horseweed control in no-till soybean with cover crops and herbicide programs with and without residual activity (2) emergence timing in KS of eight horseweed populations collected from MO, IL, KS, and KY, and (3) Palmer amaranth control in response to three Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (PPO) inhibitors applied every three days once Palmer amaranth plants reached 2.5 cm tall. Cereal rye reduced weeds biomass by 78% and weed density by 75% by 8 weeks after cover crop seeding in the fall. At cover crop termination two weeks prior to soybean drilling. Cereal rye reduced horseweed biomass more than herbicide treatments, but after termination weed control was similar across treatments. Soybean yields were greater with herbicide treatments in year one, but there were no differences in soybean yields among cover crop and herbicide treatments in the second year. Emergence of all eight horseweed populations occurred at the same time. Most horseweed emergence occurred in the spring in the first year, while all horseweed populations emerged in the fall in the second year. Environmental conditions were driving factors for horseweed emergence, but horseweed seed source did not influence emergence timing. All PPO-inhibitor herbicides controlled Palmer amaranth at similar levels within an application timing. PPO-inhibitor herbicides need to be applied within three days after Palmer amaranth plants reach 2.5 cm tall to achieve greater than 90% control.
Author: Jess Marie Bunchek Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Widespread adoption of genetically-engineered, herbicide-resistant (HR) crops have simplified crop rotation diversity and the use of single-tactic, herbicide-based weed management programs. These practices have resulted in an HR weed epidemic, where glyphosate-resistant weeds are especially problematic. Glyphosate-resistant weeds like horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.)] and pigweeds (Amaranthus spp.) threaten grower productivity and long-term efficacy of common agronomic herbicides. Thus, integrated weed management (IWM) programs that implement both ecological- and herbicide-based tactics are needed in no-till annual grain systems to (1) manage current HR weeds, (2) reduce HR selection pressure for evolution of resistance to other herbicides, (3) preserve effective herbicide technology, (4) enhance environmental stewardship, (5) safeguard soil conservation gains, and (6) maintain farm profits and productivity. To address these goals, we established three field studies at two sites in the Mid-Atlantic and identified combinations of cover crop and herbicide tactics that achieve effective season-long annual weed management, minimize HR selection pressure, and increase sustainability by reducing herbicide inputs. The first two studies assessed the complementarity of cover crops treatments and herbicide programs in corn and soybean, where integrating a cover crop treatment combined with applying a spring, pre-plant burndown herbicide application as well as a POST-emergent application provided the most effective season-long annual weed control. The third study assessed cover crop treatments and varied management practices, such as planting and termination dates, on HR selection pressure reduction at the time of herbicide applications. While cover crops intercepted a portion of the burndown herbicide application from reaching the soil surface, weeds were effectively controlled by the cover crops before the application, thus reducing the HR selection pressure.
Author: Matthew Scott Wiggins Publisher: ISBN: Category : Amaranthus palmeri Languages : en Pages : 133
Book Description
The main objective of this research was to evaluate the integration of high residue winter-annual cover crops with herbicides, both preemergence and postemergence, to control glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. The results of these trials indicated that winter-annual cover crops improved early-season weed suppression. However, cover crops alone or as part of an integrated weed management system including only preemergence or only postemergence herbicides was not sufficient to control of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. Therefore, winter-annual cover crops should be used in conjunction with existing weed control tactics to achieve adequate glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth control, where applicable.
Author: Matt Liebman Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139427245 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 546
Book Description
This book presents principles and practices for ecologically based weed management in a wide range of temperate and tropical farming systems. Special attention is given to the evolutionary challenges that weeds pose and the roles that farmers can play in the development of new weed-management strategies.
Author: Holden Douglas Bell Publisher: ISBN: 9781321385618 Category : Amaranths Languages : en Pages : 266
Book Description
Herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth is the most troublesome weed in Arkansas row crops, causing producers to rely heavily on multiple mechanisms of action to reduce selection pressure for further evolution of herbicide resistance and to successfully produce a profitable crop. It is critical for the sustainability of weed management not only to adequately control this weed but also to reduce the soil seedbank using both non-chemical and chemical practices. Studies were conducted to determine the effect of soybean row spacing, seeding rate, and herbicide program on Palmer amaranth emergence, survival, and seed production in soybean, the effect of drill-seeded soybean population on Palmer amaranth emergence with and without a residual preemergence (PRE)-applied herbicide, and the impact of integrating cover crops and deep tillage with herbicide programs for glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth control in glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant soybean. Herbicide application timing and choice of herbicide had more of an impact on Palmer amaranth control than either row spacing or seeding rate and greater control was observed in PRE plus postemergence (POST)-applied residual programs compared to POST-only residual programs, regardless of seeding rate and row spacing. Narrow-row soybean reached 95% canopy formation quicker than plants in wide rows, in turn resulting in greater suppression of Palmer amaranth emergence. In drill-seeded soybean, a PRE-applied residual herbicide was more beneficial in reducing Palmer amaranth emergence than increasing soybean density. Using a combination of cover crop and deep tillage along with the addition of a PRE followed by POST-applied residual herbicide program, Palmer amaranth was effectively controlled throughout the season with limited weed seed return to the soil seedbank in both glufosinate- and glyphosate-resistant soybean. Overall, herbicide programs were the strongest factor influencing Palmer amaranth control; however, the addition of a cover crop, deep tillage, and narrow row spacing play a vital role in reducing selection pressure on herbicides, thus reducing risks for new cases of herbicide resistance.
Author: Justin Scott Petrosino Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
No-till producers can manage weeds by including cover crops during the fallow phase as part of an integrated weed management plan. Field experiments were conducted between 2007 and 2009 to quantify the influence of cover crops on weed emergence, biomass accumulation, and seed production. Field experiments were established near Garden City, KS with winter wheat or fallow as main plots and cover crop treatments as subplots including five spring- and five fall-sown individual or mixtures of crop species and a no-cover chemical fallow. Separate1-m2 quadrats were seeded with kochia or downy brome at 500 seed/m2. Kochia density was reduced by 75% and biomass reduced by 88% in fall-sown cover crops compared to chemical fallow across growing seasons. Spring-sown cover crop mixtures reduced kochia biomass in 2009 when kochia emergence was delayed. Downy brome biomass decreased exponentially as cover crop biomass increased. A second field experiment was established near Manhattan, KS with soybean, winter wheat, or grain sorghum phases of the rotation as main plots and six cover crop treatments as subplots sown after winter wheat harvest. Paired Palmer amaranth 1-m2 quadrats were seeded with 500 seed/m2 in each cover crop subplot. One quadrat was protected from any herbicide application made to the cover crop or to the grain sorghum. Combining burndown application with high biomass-producing cover crops reduced Palmer amaranth emergence and biomass. Influence of cover crop presence reduced early season Palmer amaranth emergence in the subsequent grain sorghum phase. Optimal seeding rate of forage soybean sown in winter wheat stubble and its impact on Palmer amaranth and downy brome emergence and growth were evaluated in field studies established near Manhattan and Hesston, KS in 2008 and 2009. Soybean was no-till drilled after wheat harvest at five rates ranging from 100,000 to 600,000 seeds/ha. A no-cover chemical fallow treatment was included. Separate 0.5-m2 quadrats were seeded with Palmer amaranth at 100 seed/0.5 m2 or with downy brome at 250 seed/0.5 m2. Three termination methods evaluated were killing frost, glyphosate application, or crop rolling. Palmer amaranth density was not affected by treatments but biomass decreased as soybean seeding rate and crop biomass increased. Downy brome emergence was less with rolled or sprayed termination methods in one site year as timing of termination was optimal. High biomass producing cover crops sown during the fallow phase of a crop rotation reduced weed emergence, density, and biomass accumulation. Cover crops can be part of an integrated weed management plan in Kansas.
Author: Chelsea Marie McCall
Author: Chelsea Marie McCall
Author: Larry Joe Rains (III)
Author: Jess Marie Bunchek
Author: Kelsey Marie Rogers
Author: Matthew Scott Wiggins
Author: Matt Liebman
Author: Holden Douglas Bell
Author: Austin Sherman
Author: Justin Scott Petrosino
Author: Timothy Burk Meinershagen