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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Vibration-based condition monitoring (CM) of geared utility-scale turbine drivetrains has been used by the wind industry to help improve operation and maintenance (O&M) practices, increase turbine availability, and reduce O&M cost. This study is a new endeavor that integrates the vibration-based CM technique with wind turbine gearbox modeling to investigate various gearbox design options. A teamof researchers performed vibration-based CM measurements on a damaged wind turbine gearbox with a classic configuration, (i.e., one planetary stage and two parallel stages). We observed that the acceleration amplitudes around the first-order sidebands of the intermediate stage gear set meshing frequency were much lower than that measured at the high-speed gear set, and similar difference wasalso observed in a healthy gearbox. One factor for a reduction at the intermediate stage gear set is hypothesized to be the soft sun-spline configuration in the test gearbox. To evaluate this hypothesis, a multibody dynamic model of the healthy test gearbox was first developed and validated. Relative percent difference of the first-order sidebands--of the high-speed and intermediate stagegear-meshing frequencies--in the soft and the rigid sun spline configurations were compared. The results verified that the soft sun-spline configuration can reduce the sidebands of the intermediate stage gear set and also the locating bearing loads. The study demonstrates that combining vibration-based CM with appropriate modeling can provide insights for evaluating different wind turbinegearbox design options.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Vibration-based condition monitoring (CM) of geared utility-scale turbine drivetrains has been used by the wind industry to help improve operation and maintenance (O&M) practices, increase turbine availability, and reduce O&M cost. This study is a new endeavor that integrates the vibration-based CM technique with wind turbine gearbox modeling to investigate various gearbox design options. A teamof researchers performed vibration-based CM measurements on a damaged wind turbine gearbox with a classic configuration, (i.e., one planetary stage and two parallel stages). We observed that the acceleration amplitudes around the first-order sidebands of the intermediate stage gear set meshing frequency were much lower than that measured at the high-speed gear set, and similar difference wasalso observed in a healthy gearbox. One factor for a reduction at the intermediate stage gear set is hypothesized to be the soft sun-spline configuration in the test gearbox. To evaluate this hypothesis, a multibody dynamic model of the healthy test gearbox was first developed and validated. Relative percent difference of the first-order sidebands--of the high-speed and intermediate stagegear-meshing frequencies--in the soft and the rigid sun spline configurations were compared. The results verified that the soft sun-spline configuration can reduce the sidebands of the intermediate stage gear set and also the locating bearing loads. The study demonstrates that combining vibration-based CM with appropriate modeling can provide insights for evaluating different wind turbinegearbox design options.
Author: H. Link Publisher: ISBN: Category : Gearing Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
Gearboxes in wind turbines have not been achieving their expected design life even though they commonly meet or exceed the design criteria specified in current design standards. One of the basic premises of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Gearbox Reliability Collaborative (GRC) is that the low gearbox reliability results from the absence of critical elements in the design process or insufficient design tools. Key goals of the GRC are to improve design approaches and analysis tools and to recommend practices and test methods resulting in improved design standards for wind turbine gearboxes that lower the cost of energy (COE) through improved reliability. The GRC uses a combined gearbox testing, modeling and analysis approach, along with a database of information from gearbox failures collected from overhauls and investigation of gearbox condition monitoring techniques to improve wind turbine operations and maintenance practices. Testing of Gearbox 2 (GB2) using the two-speed turbine controller that has been used in prior testing. This test series will investigate non-torque loads, high-speed shaft misalignment, and reproduction of field conditions in the dynamometer. This test series will also include vibration testing using an eddy-current brake on the gearbox's high speed shaft.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 105
Book Description
Gearboxes in wind turbines have not been achieving their expected design life even though they commonly meet or exceed the design criteria specified in current design standards. One of the basic premises of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Gearbox Reliability Collaborative (GRC) is that the low gearbox reliability results from the absence of critical elements in the design process or insufficient design tools. Key goals of the GRC are to improve design approaches and analysis tools and to recommend practices and test methods resulting in improved design standards for wind turbine gearboxes that lower the cost of energy (COE) through improved reliability. The GRC uses a combined gearbox testing, modeling and analysis approach, along with a database of information from gearbox failures collected from overhauls and investigation of gearbox condition monitoring techniques to improve wind turbine operations and maintenance practices. Testing of Gearbox 2 (GB2) using the two-speed turbine controller that has been used in prior testing. This test series will investigate non-torque loads, high-speed shaft misalignment, and reproduction of field conditions in the dynamometer. This test series will also include vibration testing using an eddy-current brake on the gearbox's high speed shaft.
Author: Siavash Hajiabady Publisher: ISBN: Category : Green technology Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The continuous growth in wind turbine power ratings and numbers has led to increased demands in inspection and maintenance due to the more significant financial and operational consequences of unexpected wind turbine failure. The fact that wind farms are commonly located at remote sites with potentially poor accessibility means it is necessary to reduce the need for corrective maintenance through evolution to preventive and prognostic maintenance activities. Prognostic repair schedules can be employed in order to optimise maintenance and contribute to the minimisation of the overall operational costs of wind farms. The present study presents the development and qualitative evaluation of remote condition monitoring methodologies for the evaluation of the wind turbine power electronics and gearboxes. The failures of power converter and gearbox components result in significant wind turbine downtime and associated repair costs. Effective condition monitoring can enable the timely diagnosis of faults in order to prevent unexpected failures and loss of electricity production, contributing towards a noteworthy increase the reliability, availability, maintainability and safety (RAMS) of wind farms. Within this study two customised test rigs have been employed to simulate various of faults and assess the capability of RCM in diagnosing this fault effectively. In addition, field measurements have been carried out and correlated to the findings of the test rig experiments. In this study, it has been possible to identify these variables qualitatively, but the quantitative investigation is still pending and will be most likely the subject of several future studies in this field. The present thesis provides a compact summary of the analysis of the key findings of the experimental work performed within the context of the OPTIMUS FP7 European collaborative project.
Author: Tomasz Barszcz Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3030059715 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 233
Book Description
This book describes in detail different types of vibration signals and the signal processing methods, including signal resampling and signal envelope, used for condition monitoring of drivetrains. A special emphasis is placed on wind turbines and on the fact that they work in highly varying operational conditions. The core of the book is devoted to cutting-edge methods used to validate and process vibration data in these conditions. Key case studies, where advanced signal processing methods are used to detect failures of gearboxes and bearings of wind turbines, are described and discussed in detail. Vibration sensors, SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), portable data analyzers and online condition monitoring systems, are also covered. This book offers a timely guide to both researchers and professionals working with wind turbines (but also other machines), and to graduate students willing to extend their knowledge in the field of vibration analysis.
Author: Robert Errichello Publisher: ISBN: Category : Gearing Languages : en Pages : 60
Book Description
Unintended gearbox failures have a significant impact on the cost of wind farm operations. In 2007, NREL initiated the Gearbox Reliability Collaborative (GRC). The project combines analysis, field testing, dynamometer testing, condition monitoring, and the development and population of a gearbox failure database in a multi-pronged approach to determine why wind turbine gearboxes do not achieve their expected design life. The collaborative of manufacturers, owners, researchers, and consultants focuses on gearbox testing and modeling and the development of a gearbox failure database. Collaborative members also investigate gearbox condition monitoring techniques. Data gained from the GRC will enable designers, developers, and manufacturers to improve gearbox designs and testing standards and create more robust modeling tools. GRC project essentials include the development of two identical, heavily instrumented representative gearbox designs. Knowledge gained from the field and dynamometer tests conducted on these gearboxes builds an understanding of how the selected loads and events translate into bearing and gear response. This report contains the analysis of the first gearbox design.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 20
Book Description
This presentation was given at the 2011 Wind Turbine Reliability Workshop sponsored by Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, NM on August 2-3, 2011. It discusses work for the Gearbox Reliability Collaborative including downtime caused by turbine subsystems, annual failure frequency of turbine subsystems, cost benefits of condition monitoring (CM), the Gearbox Reliability Collaborative's condition monitoring approach and rationale, test setup, and results and observations.
Author: Shuangwen Sheng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Gearing Languages : en Pages : 10
Book Description
The wind industry has experienced premature turbine component failures during the past years. With the increase in turbine size, these failures, especially those found in the major drivetrain components, i.e. main shaft, gearbox, and generator, have become extremely costly. Given that the gearbox is the most costly component in the drivetrain to fix, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) initiated the Gearbox Reliability Collaborative (GRC) to determine the causes for premature gearbox failures and subsequently, recommend improvements to gearbox design, manufacture, and operational practices. The GRC has two identical test gearboxes, which are planned for a dynamometer and a field test, respectively. Condition Monitoring (CM) is one research area under the GRC. Its near-term goal is to establish some baseline responses for CM systems based on the dynamometer and field tests. Its long-term goals are to correlate the CM outputs with the turbine operational conditions (e.g., rpm, power, etc.) and/or dynamic measurements (e.g., strain, displacement, etc.) of drivetrain components, identify possible causes for abnormal CM readings and/or component failures, and subsequently, recommend strategies for improvement. The GRC CM will be implemented by integrating stress wave, vibration, and lubricant monitoring techniques.
Author: Qingkai Han Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811027471 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 168
Book Description
This book explores the dynamics and vibration properties of gearboxes, with a focus on geared rotor systems. It discusses mechanical theories, finite-element based simulations, experimental measurements and vibration signal processing techniques. It introduces the vibration-resonance calculation method for the geared rotor system in wind turbines and load sharing of the planetary gear train, and offers a method for calculating the vibrations of geared rotor systems under either internal excitations from gear sets or external loads transferred from wind loads. It also defines and elaborates on parameter optimization for planetary gear systems based on the torsional dynamics of wind-turbine geared rotor systems. Moreover, it describes experimental measurements of vibrations on the wind-turbine gearbox performed on the test rig and on site, and analyzes the vibration signals of different testing points, showing them in both time and frequency domains. Lastly, it lists the gear coupling frequencies and fault characteristic frequencies from the vibrations of the gearbox housing. The technologies and results presented are valuable resources for use in dynamic design, vibration prediction and analysis of gearboxes and geared rotor systems in wind turbines as well as many other machines.
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Author: H. Link
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Author: Lindy Williams
Author: Siavash Hajiabady
Author: Tomasz Barszcz
Author: Robert Errichello
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Author: Shuangwen Sheng
Author: Qingkai Han