Author: Randall J. GaebePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 176
Book Description
Intake, Digestibility and Performance of Steers Fed Corn Or Grain Sorghum Based Finishing Diets Processed by Either Extruding Or Dry Rolling
Author: Randall J. GaebePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 176
Book Description
Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences Accepted by Colleges and Universities of the United States and Canada
Author: Cumulated Index Medicus
Author: Effects of Treating Sorghum Wet Distiller's Grains with Solubles with an Enzyme Complex on Nutrient Digestibility and Performance in Finishing Beef Steers
Author: Casey Lyn BrauerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 128
Book Description
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of treating sorghum wet distiller's grains with solubles (SWDGS) with an enzyme complex, or enzyme complex-buffer combination on diet digestibility and feedlot performance. Experimental treatments were as follows; 1) untreated SWDGS (Control), 2) addition of an enzyme complex to SWDGS (Enzyme); and 3) addition of enzyme complex and limestone buffer to SWDGS (E+B). Sorghum WDGS, regardless of treatment, was included at 45% DM (DM basis) of a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet. The enzyme complex (Biozyme, Inc., St. Joseph, MI) was a proprietary blend containing both exogenous and endogenous hemicellulase, cellulase, and amylase enzymes, and was added at rate of 6 L/dry ton and 6.2 L/dry ton of SWDGS in Experiment 1 and 2; respectively. In the first experiment, six crossbred beef steers (initial BW = 577 ± 6.9 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of treating SWDGS with an enzyme complex or buffered enzyme complex on digestibility of nutrients. No differences (P > 0.28) in DMI, or digestibility of DM, OM, and starch between treatments were detected. Steers fed E+B treatment had higher (P = 0.07) ruminal pH than Control or Enzyme steers. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility tended (P = 0.15) to be greater for E+B fed steers. In a second experiment, 54 beef steers (initial BW = 370 ± 9 kg) were fed in a finishing study evaluating the same dietary treatments as the first experiment. No difference (P > 0.31) in DMI, ADG, or G:F was detected for the entire feeding period when Enzyme fed cattle were compared to Control. In contrast to the first experiment, DMI for the feeding period was lower (P = 0.03) for E+B fed cattle compared to Enzyme. There was no difference (P = 0.39) in ADG during the entire feeding period between Enzyme and E+B fed cattle; however, G:F was greater (P = 0.05) for E+B fed cattle compared to Enzyme. Standard carcass measurements did not differ (P > 0.43) between Enzyme and Control treatments. Most standard carcass measurements did not differ (P > 0.42) between E+B and Enzyme treatment, however, E+B cattle had less rib fat (P = 0.05) and had lower (P = 0.02) yield grades. Furthermore, the E+B fed cattle tended to have (P = 0.06) larger ribeye areas than Enzyme cattle. In conclusion, while treating SWDGS with a buffered enzyme complex containing primarily fibrolytic enzymes effects had positive on NDF digestibility, no corresponding improvements in cattle performance were detected.
Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews
Author: Grain Processing Considerations Influencing Starch Digestion and Performance of Feedlot Cattle
Author: Erin F. SchwandtPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Two studies evaluated dry-rolled corn (DRC) manufacturing considerations in feedlot finishing diets. In study 1, feedlots (n = 35) participated in a survey to evaluate dry-rolled corn (DRC) processing practices, processed corn particle size distribution, and fecal starch content in finishing cattle. Average particle size of dry-processed corn, including DRC and hammermill-ground corn across all operations (n = 35) was 4,223 ± 1,265 æm with a range of 1,165 to 6,823 æm. Fecal starch content averaged 19.0 ± 6.5% with a range of 7.0 to 36.6%. Diet composition was evaluated for co-product [27.8 ± 13.4%] roughage concentration [8.9 ± 2.0%] and NDF concentration [19.3 ± 4.3%]. In study 2, cross-bred yearling steers (n = 360; initial BW = 395 ± 33.1 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of dry-rolled corn (DRC) particle size in diets containing 20% (DMB) wet distiller's grains plus solubles (WDGS) on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and starch digestibility. Treatments were Coarse DRC (4,882 æm; COARSE), Medium DRC (3,760 æm; MEDIUM), Fine DRC (2,359 æm; FINE), and Steam-flaked corn (SFC, 0.35 kg/L). Final BW and ADG were not affected by treatment (P> 0.05). Dry matter intake was greater and G:F was lower (P
Extrusion Processing of Feedlot Diets
Author: Brandon E. DepenbuschPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
A series of studies were conducted to evaluate extrusion processing of finishing diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality attributes of feedlot cattle. Extruded diets were processed in a 24:1 (length/diameter) corotating, fully intermeshing twinscrew extruder (model BCTG-62, Bühler AG CH-9240, Uzwil, Switzerland). In Experiment 1, extrusion processing of corn based diets decreased dry matter intake (DMI) and improved gain efficiency (G:F) by 15% compared to heifers fed steam-flaked corn (SFC) diets. Carcass characteristics were not different between treatments. Steaks from heifers fed SFC diets were juicier and had a less pronounced off-flavor than steaks from heifers fed extruded diets. In Experiment 2, average daily gain (ADG), DMI, G:F, carcass characteristics, and meat quality attributes were not different between heifers fed SFC and extruded processed corn diets. In Experiment 3, we evaluated different degrees of extrusion processing by altering the level of process water added to the extruder. Mechanical energy inputs, die pressure, die temperature, and torque of drive motor decreased as the level of water added to the extruder increased from 4% to 12%. Water addition did not affect DMI or ADG of feedlot heifers. However, live body weight (BW) and G:F decreased as the level of process water increased. Gain efficiency (carcass-adjusted basis) was 3% greater for extruded corn diets processed with 4% water compared with SFC diets and was 6% poorer than SFC diets when processed with 12% water. Apparent total tract digestibility was not different, but IVDMD improved with increasing levels of water. Improvements in G:F when fed extruded feed was variable among the 3 studies. This may be due, in part to severe infestation by European Starlings during Experiment 1. Impact of feed depredation by starlings was therefore evaluated. Starlings consumed 86% of the SFC diet offered to them compared to, none of the extruded corn diets. In addition, starlings preferentially selected for the energy dense portion of the rations (steam-flaked corn). Therefore, it is plausible that a portion of the 15% improvement in G:F observed in Experiment 1 for heifers fed extruded corn diets can be attributed to differences in feed depredation by starlings. Finally, two studies were conducted to evaluate extrusion processing of sorghum-based diets. In the first experiment, DMI was greater and G:F was poorer for heifers fed extruded sorghum diets compared to heifers fed steam-flaked sorghum (SFS) diets. However, carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes were not different. In the second study, particle size of the ground sorghum added to the extruder was evaluated. Processing sorghum to a smaller particle size (581 [Mu]m) prior to extrusion processing decreased DMI, improved G:F, and increased apparent total tract digestibility compared with larger particle sizes (1,264 [Mu]m). However, heifers fed SFS diets were still more efficient that heifers fed extruded diets made with either particle size of sorghum. Overall, this research suggests that extruding complete diets into homogeneous pellets may improve G:F of cattle fed corn-based diets while reducing feed depredation of starlings. It is also clear from our results that G:F is improved to a greater extent to processing diets under high shear conditions (i.e., high mechanical energy inputs) than when processed under low shear conditions.
Bibliography of Agriculture
Author: Global Wheat Production
Author: Shah FahadPublisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789233364
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 252
Book Description
Global wheat consumption in the 2016/2017 season is forecasted to reach a record high 736m tonnes, showing a growth of 25% in the last 15 years. This raises the question which outlets the wheat is going into, what the growth of these outlets is, which regions or countries have grown the most, and where do we see future potential. Strong competition of other feed grains like corn is expected to slow the growth of wheat used for feed in the next years, and in the future, companies involved in the grain supply chain and feeding industry will need to be flexible enough to continue to meet this fast-changing demand for feed grains. For feed producers, this means they need to be able to access supplies of different grains from different origins to allow for the cheapest composition of their feed, while grain suppliers need to be able to continuously best engage with global trading opportunities to originate grains in various regions and move them to demand regions as cost-effectively as possible.
Author: