Author: Imbulana, Upali Publisher: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Climate Resilience ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 46
Book Description
This report examines the nature of polycentric governance and transformative characteristics adaptation options in Sri Lanka. The report focuses on four major climate adaptation projects implemented in recent years, namely Climate Resilient Integrated Water Management Project (CRIWMP), Climate Resilience Improvement Project (CRIP), Climate Smart Irrigation Agriculture Project (CSIAP), and the Northwestern Province Canal Project (NWPCP). The analysis includes institutional mapping of the four projects and an assessment of the extent of polycentric governance and transformational characteristics of three specific transformational adaptation options, namely 1). Forming Cascade management committees and strengthening farmer organizations, 2). Diversification of high-value crops, climate-smart water management, and agricultural practices, and 3). Basin investment planning accounting climate change risks. The analysis found that the national-level ministries and departments dominate the planning and implementation of interventions. The methods and the extent of inputs from local and community-level institutions and farmers can be substantially improved in the planning and implementing adaptation projects. Although the adaptation interventions within the three projects have some transformational characteristics, they can be enhanced with other transformational characteristics and polycentric governance to ensure systemic changes in the socio-ecological system to address the increasing challenges of climate change.
Author: P. G. Somaratne Publisher: IWMI ISBN: 9290905190 Category : Watershed management Languages : en Pages : 117
Book Description
This report is based on a research project financed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to conduct a regional study for the development of effective water management institutions (ADBRETA no 5812). Research activities were conducted in five river basins in Indonesia, the Philippines, Nepal, China and Sri Lanka for a period of three years commencing from 1999. The river basin studied in Sri Lanka was the Deduru Oya river basin in the North Western Province of the country. This report contains the findings of the Deduru Oya basin study. The overall objective of the case study conducted in Sri Lanka was to help the government of Sri Lanka to improve the institutions managing scarce water resources within the frame work of integrated water resources management. This case study included a comprehensive assessment of the existing physical, socio-economic and institutional environment in the river basin and also the long term changes that are likely to take place.
Author: R. Maria Saleth Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 71
Book Description
The success of development programs, including water resource projects, depends on two key factors: the role of underlying institutions and the impact synergies from other closely related programs. Existing methodologies have limitations in accounting for these critical factors. This paper fills this gap by developing a methodology, which quantifies both the roles that institutions play in impact generation and the extent of impact synergies that flows from closely related programs within a unified framework. The methodology is applied to the Kala Oya Basin in Sri Lanka in order to evaluate the impacts of three water-related programs and the roles of 11 institutions in the context of food security. The results provide considerable insights on the relative role of institutions and the flow of development synergies both within and across different impact pathways. The methodology can also be used to locate slack in impact chains and identify policy options to enhance the impact flows.
Author: Eriyagama, N. Publisher: IWMI ISBN: 9290907274 Category : Languages : en Pages : 56
Book Description
There is ample evidence to suggest that Sri Lanka’s climate has already changed. However, the bigger question of national importance is what Sri Lanka’s climate will look like in 50 or 100 years and how prepared the country is to face such changes. This report reviews the status of climate change (CC) research/activities in Sri Lanka in terms of observed and projected climatic changes, their impacts on water resources and agriculture, CC mitigation and adaptation, and research needs. The study also developed a pilot level CC Vulnerability Index, which was subsequently mapped at district level. The maps indicate that typical farming districts such as Nuwara Eliya, Badulla, Moneragala, Ratnapura and Anuradhapura are the most vulnerable to CC due to their heavy reliance on primary agriculture.
Author: Priyanka Dissanayake Publisher: IWMI ISBN: 929090674X Category : Rivers Languages : en Pages : 21
Book Description
Many decisions on water allocation in river basins are made on economic grounds. Environmental and social benefits of water should also be considered in river basin management, and attempts should be made to value them similarly. This is not a straightforward task and very few studies have directly addressed this issue to date. In this paper, the Menik Ganga (River) in southern Sri Lanka is used as a case study to attempt and evaluate the costs and benefits of environmental water allocations, referred to as ‘environmental flows™ (EF). In this study, a broad definition of EF is used: the components of EF evaluated include the requirements of the religious festival, the requirements of the Yala National Park, the requirements of the Pilinnawa Coastal Wetland and the requirements of the Yala Fishery Management Area, off the coast. Almost all estimates are based on use values of EF such as marketed goods and recreation. For some components multiple estimates have been attempted. The religious EF requirement is estimated using the cost of alternative water supplies. The benefits of the EF requirement for the Yala National Park are estimated using the forgone value of tourism in the dry season and the benefits of avoiding the Human-Elephant Conflict. The Additional expenditure for the park in the dry season is also presented as another proxy estimate of the benefits of EF. The Benefit Transfer method was used for the Pilinnawa Wetland and grassland due to data constraints. The market prices of lobster and income of chank divers are used as proxies for the economic benefits of EF to the Yala Fishery Management Area. Finally, the cumulative value of the individual components is presented and discussed. The paper intends to stimulate discussion and further research on the complex subject of valuing the social and environmental benefits of water whether it is in the Menik Ganga, elsewhere in Sri Lanka or elsewhere in the world.
Author: Molle, F.Jayakody, P.de Silva, S. Publisher: IWMI Publications ISBN: 9789290905226 Category : Dams Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
This exploratory study was designed to capture the main features of agrarian change in the upper part of the basin that depends mostly on anicuts. These anicuts amount to 59 percent of the total basin anicuts in terms of numbers, but to only 43 percent in terms of irrigated area. They are generally very old (the history of some of them goes back to 2000 years; see below) and obviously, many changes have occurred during this time. The study does not allow the reconstitution of all past transformations but offers some insight on recent changes: changes in population pressure over resources and changes in hydrology, crop choice, livelihoods and collective action. The analysis is based on exploratory surveys carried out by the authors and by students of the University of Sabaragamuwa and is not a detailed or in-depth investigation of agricultural systems in the Upper Walawe basin. However, it provides a useful outline of the situation in this part of the basin.
Author: Imbulana, Upali
Author: P. G. Somaratne
Author: R. Maria Saleth
Author: Eriyagama, N.
Author: Shamen Vidanage
Author: Amarasinghe, Upali A.
Author: Priyanka Dissanayake
Author: A.M.S. Sunil Gunadasa
Author: 
Author: Molle, F.Jayakody, P.de Silva, S.