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Author: Moḥ. Rabiula Isalāma Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 376
Book Description
This thesis empirically examines the roles of innovation and human capital inimproving economic growth for a large number of developed and developing countries. Itcontains three essays. The first essay investigates the effects of R&D intensity andtechnology transfer on total factor productivity growth. It also examines whetherproductivity growth depends on human capital and its interaction with distance to thetechnological frontier. Using several indicators of innovative activity and product variety,the results suggest that R&D intensity has a significant direct and positive effect onproductivity growth only in high income OECD countries, whereas the same effect forR&D-based absorptive capacity is only found in developing countries. Moreover, humancapital-based absorptive capacity is found to be weakly significant in developing countries.Autonomous technology transfer is found to have a significant effect in stimulatingproductivity growth in both groups of countries.The second essay studies whether the contribution of human capital to productivitygrowth depends on its composition and proximity to the technology frontier. Usingdifferent levels of human capital data from several sources, the results indicate that thegrowth-enhancing effects of skilled human capital increase with proximity to thetechnology frontier only in high and medium income countries. Unskilled human capitalcontributes more to growth in low income countries, as they move closer to the technologyfrontier. Female workers with secondary education generate more productivity growth thanmale workers in low income countries, whereas male workers with tertiary educationcontribute more to productivity growth than female workers in high and medium incomecountries. Mature workers with tertiary education are more growth-enhancing for high andmedium income countries, whereas younger workers with secondary education are moregrowth improving for low income countries.The third and final essay examines the joint effects of both the quantity and qualityof human capital in improving productivity growth. Using different measures of humancapital quantity and quality, the results suggest that the growth effects of educationalattainment can be significantly enhanced when the quality of schooling is improved. Themagnitude of the joint effect of quantity and quality is found to be dominated bysmall class size and the performance in cognitive skills tests in science and mathematics.The contribution of the quality-adjusted human capital is found to be stronger indeveloping countries. Human capital is growth enhancing, but to gain a deeper insight oneneeds to examine its composition and distinguish between quality and quantity.
Author: Moḥ. Rabiula Isalāma Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 376
Book Description
This thesis empirically examines the roles of innovation and human capital inimproving economic growth for a large number of developed and developing countries. Itcontains three essays. The first essay investigates the effects of R&D intensity andtechnology transfer on total factor productivity growth. It also examines whetherproductivity growth depends on human capital and its interaction with distance to thetechnological frontier. Using several indicators of innovative activity and product variety,the results suggest that R&D intensity has a significant direct and positive effect onproductivity growth only in high income OECD countries, whereas the same effect forR&D-based absorptive capacity is only found in developing countries. Moreover, humancapital-based absorptive capacity is found to be weakly significant in developing countries.Autonomous technology transfer is found to have a significant effect in stimulatingproductivity growth in both groups of countries.The second essay studies whether the contribution of human capital to productivitygrowth depends on its composition and proximity to the technology frontier. Usingdifferent levels of human capital data from several sources, the results indicate that thegrowth-enhancing effects of skilled human capital increase with proximity to thetechnology frontier only in high and medium income countries. Unskilled human capitalcontributes more to growth in low income countries, as they move closer to the technologyfrontier. Female workers with secondary education generate more productivity growth thanmale workers in low income countries, whereas male workers with tertiary educationcontribute more to productivity growth than female workers in high and medium incomecountries. Mature workers with tertiary education are more growth-enhancing for high andmedium income countries, whereas younger workers with secondary education are moregrowth improving for low income countries.The third and final essay examines the joint effects of both the quantity and qualityof human capital in improving productivity growth. Using different measures of humancapital quantity and quality, the results suggest that the growth effects of educationalattainment can be significantly enhanced when the quality of schooling is improved. Themagnitude of the joint effect of quantity and quality is found to be dominated bysmall class size and the performance in cognitive skills tests in science and mathematics.The contribution of the quality-adjusted human capital is found to be stronger indeveloping countries. Human capital is growth enhancing, but to gain a deeper insight oneneeds to examine its composition and distinguish between quality and quantity.
Author: Marzenna Anna Weresa Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3319020722 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 493
Book Description
This work focuses on researching and establishing the importance of human capital and innovation as determinants of competitive advantages in international trade—in the context of rapidly evolving technological advancement, globalization, and economic integration. The processes that accompany the shift from industrial economics to a knowledge-based economy are currently the object of interest of both scientists, politicians, investors and entrepreneurs. In many countries, the traditional sources of socioeconomic development, such as low labor costs, availability of inexpensive raw materials, and favorable geographic location are waning. These economies are searching for new sources of competitive advantage that will allow for maintaining growth, among other things by boosting participation in international trade. The book explores non-traditional drivers of competitiveness in both theory and practice. First, chapters 1 through 4 present theoretical and methodological aspects of the relationships among international trade, human capital and innovation. Here the authors address the controversy associated with the concept of competitiveness itself and its measurement, while paying special attention to the political development of comparative advantages related to international trade. The second part of the monograph, chapters 5 through 8, is of empirical nature. This section contains case studies of selected countries that represent models of various national innovation systems. Finally, the theoretical and practical aspects are integrated, allowing policymakers and financial and business leaders to consider how their decisions can influence their countries’ competitive positions through their investments in innovation and human capital.
Author: Austan Goolsbee Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 022680545X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 259
Book Description
A calculation of the social returns to innovation /Benjamin F. Jones and Lawrence H. Summers --Innovation and human capital policy /John Van Reenen --Immigration policy levers for US innovation and start-ups /Sari Pekkala Kerr and William R. Kerr --Scientific grant funding /Pierre Azoulay and Danielle Li --Tax policy for innovation /Bronwyn H. Hall --Taxation and innovation: what do we know? /Ufuk Akcigit and Stefanie Stantcheva --Government incentives for entrepreneurship /Josh Lerner.
Author: Ligang Song Publisher: ISBN: 9781760460341 Category : China Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
China's change to a new model of growth, now called the 'new normal', was always going to be hard. Events over the past year show how hard it is. The attempts to moderate the extremes of high investment and low consumption, the correction of overcapacity in the heavy industries that were the mainstays of the old model of growth, the hauling in of the immense debt hangover from the fiscal and monetary expansion that pulled China out of the Great Crash of 2008 would all have been hard at any time. They are harder when changes in economic policy and structure coincide with stagnation in global trade and rising protectionist sentiment in developed countries, extraordinarily rapid demographic change and recognition of the urgency of easing the environmental damage from the old model. China's economy has slowed and there are worries that the authorities will not be able to contain the slowdown within preferred limits. This year's Update explores the challenge of the slowdown in growth and the change in economic structure. Leading experts on China's economy and environment review change within China's new model of growth, and its interaction with ageing, environmental pressure, new patterns of urbanisation, and debt problems at different levels of government. It illuminates some new developments in China's economy, including the transformational potential of internet banking, and the dynamics of financial market instability. China's economic development since 1978 is full of exciting change, and this year's China Update is again the way to know it as it is happening.
Author: David Neumark Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1800377800 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
This timely book evaluates international human capital policies, offering a comparative perspective on global efforts to generate new ideas and novel ways of thinking about human capital. Examining educational reforms, quality of education and links between education and socio-economic environments, chapters contrast Western experiences and perspectives with those of industrializing economies in Asia, focusing particularly on Korea and the USA.
Author: Wendy Dobson Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1135039828 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 249
Book Description
The entire planet looks to Asian and other emerging markets to sustain growth momentum as traditional markets in the USA and Europe struggle with the slow and arduous processes of deleveraging after the global financial crisis. At the same time, there is growing recognition in Asia that the sources of growth must shift to sustain their own growth momentum in the years ahead. Heavy reliance on the region’s high savings rates and plentiful supplies of low-cost labour will have to shift towards increasing the human capital embodied in more educated and skilled labour forces capable of contributing to productivity growth and innovation as future drivers of growth. Human Capital Formation and Economic Growth in Asia and the Pacific focuses on why and how countries are making this shift. The demographic transition is shown to be a significant factor as ageing populations in Japan, South Korea and China manage declining growth in the labour force by stepping up investments in education, and by changing policies and institutions. Lessons to be learned from these experiences by more youthful populations in Southeast Asia are explored. In addition, attention is paid to the consequences of cross-border differentials in technical knowledge and the quantity and quality of human capital. Several implications for public policy and for international cooperation on human-capital issues in the Asian region are identified. The chapters in this volume are edited versions of papers presented at the 35th Pacific Trade and Development conference held in Vancouver, Canada, in June 2012. The conference goal was to better understand how governments and business in Asia and the Pacific can apply the key insight that one of the reasons economies grow is because of human-capital formation – the quality and diversity of the labour force are augmented – not just because the labour force grows in size. Students of Asia’s growth prospects will find several aspects of this volume of particular value. It includes chapters on the big-picture conceptual and measurement issues; on country experiences in meeting the imperatives of the demographic transition and investing in education and skills training; and on country experiences with attracting foreign knowledge and the supply and recruitment of skills across borders in Asia and the Pacific. Policymakers will also find useful the discussions of policy implications and the menu of issues requiring intergovernmental cooperation within the Asian region.
Author: Andreas Savvides Publisher: Stanford University Press ISBN: 0804769761 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 336
Book Description
This book provides an in-depth investigation of the link between human capital and economic growth. The authors take an innovative approach, examining the determinants of economic growth through a historical overview of the concept of human capital. The text fosters a deep understanding of the connection between human capital and economic growth through the exploration of different theoretical approaches, a review of the literature, and the application of nonlinear estimation techniques to a comprehensive data set. The authors discuss nonparametric econometric techniques and their application to estimating nonlinearities—which has emerged as one of the most salient features of empirical work in modeling the human capital-growth relationship, and the process of economic growth in general. By delving into the topic from theoretical and empirical standpoints, this book offers an insightful new view that will be extremely useful for scholars, students, and policy makers.
Author: Peter Nijkamp Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642149650 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 378
Book Description
This book investigates dynamic regions in the context of greater global interaction in a world economy increasingly driven by knowledge and innovation. It offers novel empirical evidence on the underlying factors of the growth performance of these spaces. In particular, the following questions are addressed: What role is there for research, education and innovation in the development strategies of the dynamic growth regions? What are the risks and consequences of dynamic growth on patterns of world growth and development, competitiveness, inequalities, and convergence? What development strategies should be promoted at national and international levels to promote a growing and more sustainable world economy? What are the implications of the emerging new competitors for Europe’s competitiveness? Using an innovative, integrated framework of analysis, the contributions in this book combine a wide array of complex theoretical and methodological approaches.
Author: Christine Greenhalgh Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691137994 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 386
Book Description
Christine Greenhalgh explains the complex process of innovation & how it sustains the growth of firms, industries & economies, combining microeconomic & macroeconomic analysis.
Author: Moḥ. Rabiula Isalāma
Author: Moḥ. Rabiula Isalāma
Author: Marzenna Anna Weresa
Author: Austan Goolsbee
Author: Ángel de la Fuente
Author: Ligang Song
Author: David Neumark
Author: Wendy Dobson
Author: Andreas Savvides
Author: Peter Nijkamp
Author: Christine Greenhalgh