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Author: A. Raedler Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642660924 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 111
Book Description
The experimental brain edema as a result of application of numerous different toxic agents has been the subject of a large number of publications (for synopses see Hirano, 1969; Long et al. , 1965). A concept that took the underlying causes of the lesions as the basis for classification of different types of brain edema was presented by Klatzo (1967). In this classification Klatzo differentiates between cytogenic and vasogenic causes of brain edema that are distinguishable from each other by the differing behaviour and reaction of the blood-brain-barrier. The vasogenic type of brain edema is found mostly in the vicinity of tumors, traumata and foci of infections, presumably because of an alteration of the conditions of permeability, as well as in brain edemas that are caused by changes in the hemodynamics of the central nervous system, and toxic substances that act directly on the wall of the blood vessel. The cytogenic type of brain edema in many experimental models is the result of, for instance, TET-intoxication, water intoxication, poisoning with other chemical substances and anoxia. Its direct cause according to Klatzo (1967) is to be seen in a disturbance of the intra cellular osmoregulation of the parenchymal cells. Although the composition of the edema fluid is dependent on the type of toxic substance used, the lack of plasma proteins in the edema fluid is characteristic for the brain edemas of this group.
Author: A. Raedler Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642660924 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 111
Book Description
The experimental brain edema as a result of application of numerous different toxic agents has been the subject of a large number of publications (for synopses see Hirano, 1969; Long et al. , 1965). A concept that took the underlying causes of the lesions as the basis for classification of different types of brain edema was presented by Klatzo (1967). In this classification Klatzo differentiates between cytogenic and vasogenic causes of brain edema that are distinguishable from each other by the differing behaviour and reaction of the blood-brain-barrier. The vasogenic type of brain edema is found mostly in the vicinity of tumors, traumata and foci of infections, presumably because of an alteration of the conditions of permeability, as well as in brain edemas that are caused by changes in the hemodynamics of the central nervous system, and toxic substances that act directly on the wall of the blood vessel. The cytogenic type of brain edema in many experimental models is the result of, for instance, TET-intoxication, water intoxication, poisoning with other chemical substances and anoxia. Its direct cause according to Klatzo (1967) is to be seen in a disturbance of the intra cellular osmoregulation of the parenchymal cells. Although the composition of the edema fluid is dependent on the type of toxic substance used, the lack of plasma proteins in the edema fluid is characteristic for the brain edemas of this group.
Author: Daniel Laskowitz Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1498766579 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 388
Book Description
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme
Author: Reinhard Rohkamm Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642668186 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 150
Book Description
The normal anatomy of the cerebellum has been thoroughly studied by numerous in vestigators over many years. Anatomical aspects in terms of evolution (Dow, 1942; Larsell, 1967; Llinas, 1969; Gregory, 1975), correlative anatomy (Wallenberg, 1931), and morphology (Larsell, 1952; L0ning and Jansen, 1955; Ludwig-Hauri, 1955; Braitenberg and Atwood, 1958; Jansen und Brodal, 1958; Zeman and Innes, 1963) have been presented. Histological features have attracted many investigators (Bergmann, 1857; Denis senko, 1877; Ramon y Cajal and Illera, 1907; Addison, 1911; Jakob, 1928; Snider and Jacobs, 1949; Braitenberg and Atwood, 1958; Baud, 1959; Altman, 1962, 1963, 1966, 1971, 1972a, b, c, 1973a, b, 1975; Birch-Anderson et aI., 1962; Andres, 1965; Eccles et aI., 1967; Fox and Snider, 1967; Mugnaini and Forstrl1. lDen, 1967; Del Cerro and Snider, 1968, 1972a, b; O'Leary et aI., 1968, 1971; Chan-Palay and Palay, 1970, 1971, 1972; Rakic and Sidman, 1970; Das and Altman, 1971; Gobel, 1971; Rakic, 1971; 1972a, b; Chan-Palay, 1972a, b, 1973c, d; Palay and Chan-Palay, 1972, 1974; Sidman and Rakic, 1973; Spacek et aI., 1973; Das et al., 1974; Braak, 1975; Crepel and Mariani, 1975; Derrnietzel, 1975a, b; Gregory, 1975; Llinas, 1975; Meller and Tetzlaff, 1975; Cragg, 1976; Rees et aI., 1976; Zelevic and Rakic, 1976). Investigators of the cytologi cal characteristics of the cerebellar cortex are numerous (Sternberg and Krombholtz, 1838; Smirnow, 1897; Ramon y Fananas, 1916; Larramendi et al.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309288037 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 215
Book Description
In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal.
Author: Firas H. Kobeissy Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1466565993 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 718
Book Description
With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.
Author: A. Raedler
Author: A. Raedler
Author: A Raedler
Author: National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
Author: Daniel Laskowitz
Author: 
Author: Reinhard Rohkamm
Author: National Research Council
Author: Library of Congress. Copyright Office
Author: Firas H. Kobeissy
Author: