Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309165911 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 234
Book Description
In recent years, a number of chronic diseases have been linked, in some cases definitively, to an infectious etiology: peptic ulcer disease with Helicobacter pylori, cervical cancer with several human papillomaviruses, Lyme arthritis and neuroborreliosis with Borrelia burgdorferi, AIDS with the human immunodeficiency virus, liver cancer and cirrhosis with hepatitis B and C viruses, to name a few. The proven and suspected roles of microbes does not stop with physical ailments; infections are increasingly being examined as associated causes of or possible contributors to a variety of serious, chronic neuropsychiatric disorders and to developmental problems, especially in children. The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects, summarizes a two-day workshop held by the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Microbial Threats to address this rapidly evolving field. Participants explored factors driving infectious etiologies of chronic diseases of prominence, identified difficulties in linking infectious agents with chronic outcomes, and discussed broad-based strategies and research programs to advance the field.
Author: Bharat B. Aggarwal Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439839905 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 483
Book Description
Oxidative stress and inflammation are among the most important factors of disease. Chronic infections, obesity, alcohol and tobacco usage, radiation, environmental pollutants, and high-calorie diets have been recognized as major risk factors for a variety of chronic diseases from cancer to metabolic diseases. All these risk factors are linked to ch
Author: Rainer Straub Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128033223 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 390
Book Description
Chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and others typically stimulate a systemic response of the entire body. This response has a uniform character in many diseases because common pathways are switched on. The uniform response regulates systemic energy and water provision. However, long-term application of this program leads to typical disease sequelae such as fatigue / depressive symptoms, sleep disturbances, anorexia, malnutrition, muscle wasting – cachexia, cachectic obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, alterations of steroid hormone axes, disturbances of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, elevated sympathetic tone, hypertension, volume expansion, decreased parasympathetic tone, inflammation–related anemia, bone loss, hypercoagulability, circadian rhythms of symptoms, and disease exacerbation by stress . The Origin of Chronic Inflammatory Systemic Diseases and Their Sequelae demonstrates concepts of neuroendocrine immunology, energy and water regulation, and evolutionary medicine in order to show that the uniform response that regulates systemic energy and water provision, has been positively selected for acute physiological responses and short-lived disease states, but is a misguided program in chronic inflammatory diseases and aging. - Offers a broad conceptual framework with a strong clinical link, written in an easy to grasp style and demonstrating the link to aging research - Describes the important principles derived from basic immunology that are used to explain pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory systemic diseases with a focus on autoimmunity - Defines the bioenergetics and energy regulation of the body explaining common response pathways typical for systemic inflammation - Makes use of evolutionary medicine theory to demonstrate the uniformity of the systemic response - Explains the appearance of typical disease sequelae on the basis of the three pillars: neuroendocrine immunology, energy regulation, and evolutionary medicine theory - Contains color figures and tables that explain the field to newcomers
Author: Randall E. Harris Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402056885 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 323
Book Description
In this book, a worldwide panel of leading experts discuss the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of major chronic diseases and the current controversy regarding risk versus benefit of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. The authors provide exciting and enlightening perspectives on COX-2 and related molecular targets in the future of medicine, including historical perspectives.
Author: Lawrence H. Lash Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483218619 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 527
Book Description
Methods in Toxicology, Volume 2: Mitochondrial Dysfunction provides a source of methods, techniques, and experimental approaches for studying the role of abnormal mitochondrial function in cell injury. The book discusses the methods for the preparation and basic functional assessment of mitochondria from liver, kidney, muscle, and brain; the methods for assessing mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in intact organs; and the structural aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are addressed. The text also describes chemical detoxification and metabolism as well as specific metabolic reactions that are especially important targets or indicators of damage. The methods for measurement of alterations in fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism and for the analysis and manipulation of oxidative injury and antioxidant systems are also considered. The book further tackles additional methods on mitochondrial energetics and transport processes; approaches for assessing impaired function of mitochondria; and genetic and developmental aspects of mitochondrial disease and toxicology. The text also looks into mitochondrial DNA synthesis, covalent binding to mitochondrial DNA, DNA repair, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of developing individuals and cellular differentiation. Microbiologists, toxicologists, biochemists, and molecular pharmacologists will find the book invaluable.
Author: Naveed Sattar Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1444312707 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
Obesity is a hugely expensive and increasing problem worldwide,leading to disability, reproductive problems, depression andaccelerated metabolic and vascular diseases in a large proportionof men, women and children. The ABC of Obesity is a newguide which will aid its effective management, addressing issuessuch as dieting, exercise, self esteem, drug treatment and surgery.Recent evidence is used to highlight frequent problems, successfultreatment options, and the most common causes. Written by leading experts, this is a widely accessible text andan indispensable guide for all general practitioners, juniordoctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who areinvolved in the treatment and research of this commoncondition.
Author: Angus G. Dalgleish Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387262830 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
A link between inflammation and cancer has been established many years ago, yet it is only recently that the potential significance of this connection has become apparent. Although several examples of chronic inflammatory conditions, often induced by persistent irritation and/or infection, developing into cancer have been known for some time, there has been a notable resistance to contemplate the possibility that this association may apply in a causative way to other cancers. Examples for such progression from chronic inflammation to cancer are colon carcinoma developing with increased frequency in patients with ulcerative colitis, and the increased incidence of bladder cancer in patients suffering from chronic Schistosoma infection. Inflammation and cancer have been recognized to be linked in another context for many years, i.e., with regards to pathologies resembling chronic lacerations or 'wounds that do not heal.' More recently, the immunology of wound healing has given us clues as to the mechanistic link between inflammation and cancer, in as much as wounds and chronic inflammation turn off local cell-mediated immune responses and switch on growth factor release as well the growth of new blood vessels - angiogenesis. Both of these are features of most types of tumours, which suggest that tumours may require an immunologically shielded milieu and a growth factor-rich environment.
Author: Ioannis Zabetakis Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128137924 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 348
Book Description
The Impact of Nutrition and Statins on Cardiovascular Diseases presents a summary of the background information and published research on the role of food in inhibiting the development of cardiovascular diseases. Written from a food science, food chemistry, and food biochemistry perspective, the book provides insights on the origin of cardiovascular diseases, an analysis of statin therapy, their side effects, and the role of dietary intervention as an alternative solution to preventing cardiovascular diseases. It focuses on the efficacy of nutrition and statins to address inflammation and inhibit the onset of disease, while also providing nutrition information and suggested dietary interventions.
Author: Claudio Ronco Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN: 3805578571 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 189
Book Description
Uric acid disorders are involved in both nephrological and hematological diseases. One of these crystal-associated diseases which has been known since antiquity is gout. More recently, tumor Lysis syndromes have been identified which affect patients with cancer, especially in the phase of cellular destruction after chemotherapy. The detection of these hyperuricemic syndromes, together with the improved understanding of urate handling by the kidney, have spurred new interest in the pathophysiology of hyperuricemic states, their clinical consequences and management. Moreover, the recent development of a recombinant form of urate oxidase transforming uric acid into allantoin (Rasburicase) has caused new interest in the pathophysiology of hyperuricemia and the potential applications of this new drug. The multidisciplinary approach of this book offers new insights into the metabolic syndromes in question by uniting authors from the fields of biochemistry, pharmacology, rheumatology, onco-hematology, and nephrology. The result is a compendium of the present knowledge in the field, which will also be very useful as a reference tool for professionals and students who want to expand their knowledge on this topic.
Author: Felipe Sierra Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319232460 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 637
Book Description
This book provides the first comprehensive overview of a new scientific discipline termed Geroscience. Geroscience examines the molecular and cellular mechanisms that might explain why aging is the main risk factor for most chronic diseases affecting the elderly population. Over the past few decades, researchers have made impressive progress in understanding the genetics, biology and physiology of aging. This book presents vital research that can help readers to better understand how aging is a critical malleable risk factor in most chronic diseases, which, in turn, could lead to interventions that can help increase a healthy lifespan, or ‘healthspan.’ The book begins with an analysis of the Geroscience hypothesis, as well as the epidemiological underpinnings that define aging as a candidate main risk factor for most chronic diseases. Next, each chapter focuses on one particular disease, or group of diseases, with an emphasis on how basic molecular and cellular biology might explain why aging is a major risk factor for it. Coverage in the book includes: cancer, cardiovascular disease, dementias, stroke, Parkinson's and Alzheimer’s diseases, osteoporosis, arthritis, diabetes asthma, emphysema, kidney disease, vision impairment, and AIDS/HIV. It finishes with a chapter on pain in the elderly and an overview of future steps needed to bring the newly acquired knowledge into the clinic and the public at large.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Bharat B. Aggarwal
Author: Rainer Straub
Author: Randall E. Harris
Author: Lawrence H. Lash
Author: Naveed Sattar
Author: Angus G. Dalgleish
Author: Ioannis Zabetakis
Author: Claudio Ronco
Author: Felipe Sierra