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Author: Dimitri Lenzin Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
We study the effects of income inequality on technology adoption lags and on long-run technology penetration rates. Building on the model and findings of Comin and Mestieri (2013a), we analyze a sample of 72 countries between 1960 and 1995. They find converging adoption lags and diverging penetration rates between Western and non-Western countries. This evolution explains 80% of the Great Income Divergence between the two country groups. Applying pooled OLS, we find that it matters where in the income distribution the inequality appears, which confirms our theoretical predictions. In contrast, overall inequality measured by the Gini coefficient is too broad to be significant. Hence, quantile income shares are crucial. Distortion-free redistribution from the rich to the poor decreases the adoption lag. Moreover, a higher income share of the middle class at the expense of the rich or the poor increases the adoption lag. When it comes to the long run technology penetration rate, we find that lower overall inequality increases the penetration. Increasing the income share of the middle class at the expense of the rich or the poor increases the penetration rate. Our results suggest that a strong middle class increased the adoption lags and penetration rates in Western countries. Therefore, it may account for some of the convergence of adoption lags and divergence of penetration rates between the two country groups.
Author: Dimitri Lenzin Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
We study the effects of income inequality on technology adoption lags and on long-run technology penetration rates. Building on the model and findings of Comin and Mestieri (2013a), we analyze a sample of 72 countries between 1960 and 1995. They find converging adoption lags and diverging penetration rates between Western and non-Western countries. This evolution explains 80% of the Great Income Divergence between the two country groups. Applying pooled OLS, we find that it matters where in the income distribution the inequality appears, which confirms our theoretical predictions. In contrast, overall inequality measured by the Gini coefficient is too broad to be significant. Hence, quantile income shares are crucial. Distortion-free redistribution from the rich to the poor decreases the adoption lag. Moreover, a higher income share of the middle class at the expense of the rich or the poor increases the adoption lag. When it comes to the long run technology penetration rate, we find that lower overall inequality increases the penetration. Increasing the income share of the middle class at the expense of the rich or the poor increases the penetration rate. Our results suggest that a strong middle class increased the adoption lags and penetration rates in Western countries. Therefore, it may account for some of the convergence of adoption lags and divergence of penetration rates between the two country groups.
Author: Ari Hyytinen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
We study the effect of within-country income inequality on the diffusion of mobile phones using data on market penetration in a sample of developing countries from 1985 to 1998. Mobile phones are an example of international technology, originating in industrialized countries and diffusing worldwide. We find that income inequality, as measured by the income share of the highest earning deciles, has a positive effect on the early diffusion of mobile phones and that the estimated effect becomes greater when a measure of agricultural endowments is used as an instrument. The instrumental variable results are robust to weak instruments. Our findings suggest that the diffusion of new technologies originating from industrialized countries may generate yet another channel that links inequality and development.
Author: Jeremy Greenwood Publisher: American Enterprise Institute ISBN: 9780844770932 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 52
Book Description
In this text the author argues that rapid technological change, sluggish real wage growth, and widening inequality have characterized earlier periods of economic growth of revolutionary new technologies.
Author: Sanjay Kumar Rout Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Income inequality has been growing since the mid-1980s, with tremendous intensification in India's degree of openness and technological breakthrough. In this context, this study attempts to analyse two questions: whether trade openness, financial openness and technology diffusion improve or worsen income inequality in India? And, does the relationship between openness and income inequality rest on the technology diffusion? Using the Bounded ARDL model, the results confirmed that economic (in aggregate), trade openness, and technology diffusion significantly worsen income distribution in the short & long run. The financial openness impact on inequality is trivial. The results also confirmed that the relationship between openness and income inequality depends on technology diffusion that significantly improves income distribution. The policy implications are mentioned in the conclusion section.
Author: Zia Qureshi Publisher: Brookings Institution Press ISBN: 081573901X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 298
Book Description
Addressing the big questions about how technological change is transforming economies and societies Rapid technological change—likely to accelerate as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic—is reshaping economies and how they grow. But change also causes disruption, creates winners and losers, and produces social stress. This book examines the challenges of digital transformation and suggests how creative policies can make it more productive and inclusive. Shifting Paradigms is the second book on technological change produced by a joint research project of the Brookings Institution and the Korea Development Institute. Contributors are experts from the United States, Europe, and Korea. The first volume, Growth in a Time of Change, was published by Brookings in February 2020. The book's underlying thesis is that the future is arriving faster than expected. Long-accepted paradigms about economic growth are changing as digital technologies transform markets and nearly every aspect of business and work. Change will only intensify with advances in artificial intelligence and other innovations. Investors, business leaders, workers, and public officials face many questions. Is rising market concentration inevitable with the new technologies or can their benefits be more widely shared? How can the promise of FinTech be captured while managing risks? Should workers fear the new automation? Are technology-driven shifts in business and work causing income inequality to rise? How should public policy respond? Shifting Paradigms addresses these questions in an engaging manner for anyone interested in understanding how the economic and social agenda is being transformed by today's winds of change.
Author: Susan Cozzens Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1781951675 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 357
Book Description
Susan Cozzens, Dhanaraj Thakur, and the other co-authors ask how the benefits and costs of emerging technologies are distributed amongst different countries _ some rich and some poor. Examining the case studies of five technologies across eight countri
Author: Manuela Magalhães Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
We develop a dynamic general-equilibrium framework in which growth is driven by skill-biased technology diffusion. The model incorporates leisure-labor decisions and human capital accumulation through education. We are able to reproduce the trends in income inequality and labor and skills supplies observed in the United States between 1969 and 1996. The paper also provides an explanation for why more individuals invest in human capital when the investment premium is going down, and why the skill-premium goes up when the skills supply is increasing.
Author: Gouranga Gopal Das Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 44
Book Description
Based on stylized evidence showing variation of the Gini coefficient of income inequality across skill cohorts and on the rapid rise in trade in technology-intensive goods, the ripple effects of technology transmission and income inequality are explored in a global Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) framework. An exogenous technology shock transmitted via trade from the United States induces productivity growth in developing regions. This spillover capture-aided by absorptive capability, better governance and institutions, technological symmetry and social acceptance-causes income to increase and income inequality to decline. The conjoined parameters retard growth's inequality-enhancing effect and thus facilitate long-run convergence of inequality between nations.
Author: Jonathan P. Allen Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319569589 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 163
Book Description
This book will summarize what we know about technology and inequality across disciplines, and seek out new ways to analyze this relationship based on technology and business practices, with the objective of restoring digital technology as an engine of opportunity. Besides the unique focus on the role of technology in inequality, the book will have a unifying theme of tracing wealth creation and wealth capture in the technology sector, and relating specific practices—what technology companies actually do—to larger shifts in wealth and power. A clear conceptual framework will be used to analyze key industry case studies: search engines, social media, and the ‘sharing’ economy.
Author: Dimitri Lenzin
Author: Dimitri Lenzin
Author: Ari Hyytinen
Author: Jeremy Greenwood
Author: Sanjay Kumar Rout
Author: Zia Qureshi
Author: Susan Cozzens
Author: Lex Borghans
Author: Manuela Magalhães
Author: Gouranga Gopal Das
Author: Jonathan P. Allen