In Situ Polymerization of Conjugated Polymers and All-organic Electrochromic Fabrics PDF Download

Author: Yujie Ding
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Mengfang Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Conducting polymers
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: John R. Reynolds
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429524420
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 909

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Book Description
This book covers properties, processing, and applications of conducting polymers. It discusses properties and characterization, including photophysics and transport. It then moves to processing and morphology of conducting polymers, covering such topics as printing, thermal processing, morphology evolution, conducting polymer composites, thin films

Author: Michael Anthony Invernale
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
This dissertation focuses on electrochromic and conducting polymers and devices thereof. Chapter 3: An ion storage layer, poly(thieno[3,4- b]thiophene), was used in the assembly of electrochromic devices (ECDs). Its high-doping level and low-absorption in the visible region in both its oxidized and neutral states makes it an ideal candidate for use as an ion shuttling layer in ECDs. This layer did not distort ECD color, nor does it have a yellowed tint to it (as some previous materials) that may distort vision over time. The characterization of a novel substituted 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene, 1,3-dimethyl (1,3-DM-ProDOT), is also presented. Chapter 4: The precursor polymer method, which imparts solubility and processability to electrochromic precursors, allowed for the preparation of electrochromics inside assembled solid-state devices. The same polymeric material can be made through in situ conversion (oxidation inside an assembled device) as via solution methods (ex situ conversion via electrochemical or chemical oxidation), saving a step in device preparation. Clean substrates were not needed for this method, removing another step in device production. A study of the effects of precursor film thickness, gel electrolyte composition (including the use of ionic liquids), and comparison to traditionally assembled (ex situ) devices is illustrated therein. These precursor polymers have also been ink-jetted, expanding their utility to a large variety of complex electronics. Further, the use of these materials to prepare easily-assembled electrochromic sunglasses is discussed. The in situ method was also extended to using monomers inside of the electrolyte and electropolymerization thereof. This method offers a simpler still method for ECD assembly. This system was studied with respect to higher contrasts and unique patterning abilities, as well as for a variety of chromophores. Chapter 5: A new side-chain based precursor polymer was developed using a single pendant heterocycle. This represents a simpler synthetic route to soluble side-chain precursor polymers. As a comparison, a trimeric unit composed of this single heterocycle attached to a central thiophene unit is also incorporated into the side chain precursor polymer method. Films of both are compared with respect to conversion conditions, electrochromic properties, and ease of synthetic procedure. Further, electrospun nanofibers of the single-heterocycle pendant material were prepared and studied, showing higher contrasts. Chapter 6: Aqueous conversion of a precursor polymer to an electrochromic was accomplished and investigated towards greener processing for conjugated polymers. It is shown that the material which is obtained by conversion in aqueous electrolyte is identical, or nearly identical, to that prepared using conventional, organic electrolytes (based upon spectral and colorimetric data). Both side-chain and main-chain precursor polymers are converted via this method, which involved pre-loading of a salt into the prepared film prior to oxidative conversion to the conjugated material. Chapter 7: Fabric-based electrochromic devices were developed, using a new device design. These devices do not require the use of a popular electrode material, indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), in their construction. Reflective ECDs were built with these fabrics, representing a significant step towards the realization of wearable displays. Stainless steel woven meshes are used, as well as PEDOT-PSS loaded spandex. Several device architectures have been described, allowing for two-sided displays to be envisioned. Further, the use of carbon black loaded poly(caprolactone) (CB-PCL) films as a counter electrode for these spandex devices was also achieved, showing the versatility of electrode systems that could be used with this system. A study of the effects of underlying substrate color on the electrochromic was also undertaken. Chapter 8: A new template, sulfonated poly(amic acid), was used to prepare PEDOT dispersions (PEDOT-SPAA). Previous work with a colleague has shown that DNA can also template polymerize EDOT to PEDOT, resulting in biocompatible and bioactive films. This template system was chosen to enhance the overall thermal stability of the conducting polymer. Conversion of the SPAA template to the imide form, SPI, resulted in high thermal stability as compared to conventionally prepared and commercially available PEDOT-PSS. Enhanced conductivity (10-fold enhancement) has been observed, without doping, upon conversion to the imide (PEDOT-SPI), resulting from the morphological changes that result from this conversion. Further expansion of this work includes the use of a different conducting polymer (poly(aniline) [PANi] and poly(pyrrole) [PPy]), a different template material (sulfonated Kapton© type amides and imides), as well as an exploration of the potential use of a variety of thermally stable dopants as compared to traditional systems used with PEDOT-PSS.

Author: Roger J. Mortimer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527336109
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 668

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Book Description
Electrochromic materials can change their properties under the influence of an electrical voltage or current. Different classes of materials show this behavior such as transition metal oxides, conjugated polymers, metal-coordinated complexes and organic molecules. As the color change is persistent, the electric field needs only to be applied to initiate the switching, allowing for applications such as low-energy consumption displays, light-adapting mirrors in the automobile industry and smart windows for which the amount of transmitted light and heat can be controlled. The first part of this book describes the different classes and processing techniques of electrochromic materials. The second part highlights nanostructured electrochromic materials and device fabrication, and the third part focuses on the applications such as smart windows, adaptive camouflage, biomimicry, wearable displays and fashion. The last part rounds off the book by device case studies and environmental impact issues.

Author: Parveen Saini
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119137101
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 684

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Book Description
Since their discovery in 1977, the evolution of conducting polymers has revolutionized modern science and technology. These polymers enjoy a special status in the area of materials science yet they are not as popular among young readers or common people when compared to other materials like metals, paper, plastics, rubber, textiles, ceramics and composites like concrete. Most importantly, much of the available literature in the form of papers, specific review articles and books is targeted either at advanced readers (scientists / technologists / engineers / senior academicians) or for those who are already familiar with the topic (doctoral / postdoctoral scholars). For a beginner or even school / college students, such compilations are bit difficult to access / digest. In fact, they need proper introduction to the topic of conducting polymers including their discovery, preparation, properties, applications and societal impact, using suitable examples and already known principles/knowledge/phenomenon. Further, active participation of readers in terms of "question & answers", "fill-in-the-blanks", "numerical" along with suitable answer key is necessary to maintain the interest and to initiate the "thought process". The readers also need to know about the drawbacks and any hazards of such materials. Therefore, I believe that a comprehensive source on the science / technology of conducting polymers which maintains a link between grass root fundamentals and state-of-the-art R&D is still missing from the open literature.

Author: Abbas Kazmi
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1849737320
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 247

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Book Description
As the world’s population continues to grow so does the demand for food, and in consequence the amount of material left over from food production. No longer considered simply as "waste", many food co-products are being identified as economically-viable raw materials and their potential is enhanced by modern processing technologies and the biorefinery concept. This book presents a general overview of the current situation, with perspectives from within the food industry and policy makers in the introductory chapters. These are followed by five chapters exploring modern advanced processing techniques. Further chapters are dedicated to separate food groups, including cereals, oils, rice and fish, exploring the potential for making the best use of the co-products generated. Many of the processing technologies discussed will be familiar to students and practitioners of green chemistry, but the book goes further in presenting examples and case studies, written by active workers in the field from across the globe. Food technicians and process engineers will be amongst the researchers in academia and industry and postgraduate students this book is aimed for.

Author: Srabanti Ghosh
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527345574
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 38

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Book Description
A timely overview of fundamental and advanced topics of conjugated polymer nanostructures Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications is a comprehensive reference on conjugated polymers for energy applications. Distinguished academic and editor Srabanti Ghosh offers readers a broad overview of the synthesis, characterization, and energy-related applications of nanostructures based on conjugated polymers. The book includes novel approaches and presents an interdisciplinary perspective rooted in the interfacing of polymer and synthetic chemistry, materials science, organic chemistry, and analytical chemistry. This book provides complete descriptions of conjugated polymer nanostructures and polymer-based hybrid materials for energy conversion, water splitting, and the degradation of organic pollutants. Photovoltaics, solar cells, and energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, lithium ion battery electrodes, and their associated technologies are discussed, as well. Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications covers both the fundamental topics and the most recent advances in this rapidly developing area, including: The design and characterization of conjugated polymer nanostructures, including the template-free and chemical synthesis of polymer nanostructures Conjugated polymer nanostructures for solar energy conversion and environmental protection, including the use of conjugated polymer-based nanocomposites as photocatalysts Conjugated polymer nanostructures for energy storage, including the use of nanocomposites as electrode materials The presentation of different and novel methods of utilizing conjugated polymer nanostructures for energy applications Perfect for materials scientists, polymer chemists, and physical chemists, Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications also belongs on the bookshelves of organic chemists and any other practicing researchers, academics, or professionals whose work touches on these highly versatile and useful structures.

Author: Vijay Kumar
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0128236345
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 618

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Book Description
Conjugated Polymers for Next-Generation Applications, Volume One: Synthesis, Properties and Optoelectrochemical Devices describes the synthesis and characterization of varied conjugated polymeric materials and their key applications, including active electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors and lithium-ion batteries, along with new ideas of functional materials for next-generation high-energy batteries, a discussion of common design procedures, and the pros and cons of conjugated polymers for certain applications. The book’s emphasis lies in the underlying electronic properties of conjugated polymers, their characterization and analysis, and the evaluation of their effectiveness for utilization in energy and electronics applications. This book is ideal for researchers and practitioners in the area of materials science, chemistry and chemical engineering. Provides an overview of the synthesis and functionalization of conjugated polymers and their composites Reviews important photovoltaics applications of conjugated polymeric materials, including their use in energy storage, batteries and optoelectronic devices Discusses conjugated polymers and their application in electronics for sensing, bioelectronics, memory, and more

Author: Pradip Kar
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118573803
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 176

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Book Description
An A-to-Z of doping including its definition, its importance, methods of measurement, advantages and disadvantages, properties and characteristics—and role in conjugated polymers The versatility of polymer materials is expanding because of the introduction of electro-active behavior into the characteristics of some of them. The most exciting development in this area is related to the discovery of intrinsically conductive polymers or conjugated polymers, which include such examples as polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene as well as their derivatives. "Synmet" or "synthetic metal" conjugated polymers, with their metallic characteristics, including conductivity, are of special interest to researchers. An area of limitless potential and application, conjugated polymers have sparked enormous interest, beginning in 2000 when the Nobel Prize for the discovery and development of electrically conducting conjugated polymers was awarded to three scientists: Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, and Hideki Shirakawa. Conjugated polymers have a combination of properties—both metallic (conductivity) and polymeric; doping gives the conjugated polymer's semiconducting a wide range of conductivity, from insulating to low conducting. The doping process is a tested effective method for producing conducting polymers as semiconducting material, providing a substitute for inorganic semiconductors. Doping in Conjugated Polymers is the first book dedicated to the subject and offers a comprehensive A-to-Z overview. It details doping interaction, dopant types, doping techniques, and the influence of the dopant on applications. It explains how the performance of doped conjugated polymers is greatly influenced by the nature of the dopants and their level of distribution within the polymer, and shows how the electrochemical, mechanical, and optical properties of the doped conjugated polymers can be tailored by controlling the size and mobility of the dopants counter ions. The book also examines doping at the nanoscale, in particular, with carbon nanotubes. Readership The book will interest a broad range of researchers including chemists, electrochemists, biochemists, experimental and theoretical physicists, electronic and electrical engineers, polymer and materials scientists. It can also be used in both graduate and upper-level undergraduate courses on conjugated polymers and polymer technology.