In Situ Characterization of Fabry-Pérot Microcavities for Coupling to NV Centres in Diamond PDF Download

Author: Cesar Daniel Rodriguez Rosenblueth
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Languages : en
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"The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond is one of the most prominent diamond defect centres studied for quantum information applications. The NV centre’s long coherence times and atom-like spin-optical properties have made it one of the possible candidates for a node in a quantum network. Recent achievements include their use as a ten qubit solid-state quantum register, and the first loophole-free Bell experiment separated at km-scale distances. However, current implementations of the NV centre in cavity quantum electrodynamic (cQED) protocols are restricted due to its low emission rate (3%) into its coherent zero-phonon line (ZPL) transition as well as spectral diffusion originating from electric field noise on nearby surfaces. Coupling NV centres in diamond membranes to open Fabry-Pérot fibre microcavities offers one possible solution by enhancing the emission rate into the (ZPL) without degrading the NV centre’s optical properties.The work in this thesis is concerned with the in-situ characterization of the Fabry-Pérot cavities. By adequately characterizing the membrane-in-cavity system in situ, we hope to pave the way to maximize the achievable enhancement of the zero-phonon line emission rate of an NV centre inside the cavity. We study analytical and numerical models for the membrane-in-cavity system and analyze their regime of validity. By combining these models with transmission and reflection characterization of the system we determine the diamond thickness and length of the cavity with a resolution of 100 nm. The cavity finesse ranges between 16000 to 26000, depending on the presence of the diamond membrane and mirror termination. Finally, we expand upon the previously presented models to include surface losses and achieve a method to measure (sub-nm-rms) surface roughness and (ppm) mirror losses by measuring the cavity linewidth as a function of wavelength"--

Author: Andrew Dimock
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Languages : en
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"The nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond has attracted considerable attention because its electronic states combine long spin coherence times with atomic-like optical transitions in a solid-state environment. The NV- center emission consists of a coherent zero-phonon line (ZPL) transition which makes up only 4% of the total emission at cryogenic temperatures. Even with weak emission into the ZPL, the NV center has been used successfully in many groundbreaking experiments ranging from multi-qubit quantum registers to a loophole free validation of Bell's inequality. Nevertheless, the weak ZPL greatly reduces the efficiency of protocols relying on coherent photon emission, and spectral diffusion from uncontrolled local environments exacerbates the problem. The majority of the work done for this thesis was to develop a repeatable and reliable process ow - starting from a commercially available bulk diamond sample - for fabricating and characterizing individually addressable NV centers in thin diamond membranes. Such thin membranes can be incorporated into Fabry-Pérot optical cavities to enhance the relative ZPL emission. Fabry-Pérot cavities allow for the location of maximal electric field within the cavity to be overlapped with an NV center. Maximum enhancement of the ZPL is achieved if the ZPL linewidth is well within the width of the cavity mode and if the location. First, an introduction to the NV center electronic structure at room temperature and cryogenic temperatures is given. An overview of the experimental apparatus is detailed in the second chapter, followed by the ion implantation and electron irradiation process flows used for fabricating thin diamond membranes with high quality NV centers. The methods used to characterize the NV center density and measure the ZPL linewidths are outlined and the two fabrication procedures are compared with experimental data. Ion implantation membranes resulted in dense samples (0.85 NV/um^2) with linewidths averaging 450 MHz whereas the electron irradiated membranes resulted in isolated NV centers (0.05 NV/um^2) with linewidths averaging 300 MHz. This is the first demonstration of optically stable transitions in thin diamond membranes. The final chapter covers various methods for characterizing the mechanical properties of the fiber cavity mounts. Although not the ultimate fiber mount that will be used, the measurements provide insight into the motion in the cryostat and will be useful for future systems." --

Author: Hanno S. Kaupp
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Languages : en
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Author: Erika Janitz
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Languages : en
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"The peculiar laws of quantum physics offer a mechanism for exploring fundamentally new types of information processing that promise unprecedented speed and security. Realizing this technology requires a quantum system that can be controlled with exquisite precision, and which can be duplicated and combined into a scalable quantum network. Quantized magnetic moments in diamond, controlled using light via an atom-like defect called the germanium vacancy center, are an example of such a system. The central goal of the work pursued in this thesis is to develop an efficient optical interface for such defects through coupling to an optical cavity, thereby increasing the strength of their interaction with light. To that end, we present progress toward developing a tunable cavity platform using a microscopic mirror fabricated on the tip of an optical fiber. The first manuscript provides a detailed characterization and model of the optical modes of this system. The model takes into account different sources of loss, such as scattering, absorption, and clipping losses at the fiber mirror resulting from coupling to higher order modes. The second manuscript provides a demonstration of room-temperature cavity coupling to a single emitter. We observe emission into the cavity mode beyond what is possible by filtering effects, resulting in an increased spectral density of cavity fluorescence. In the final manuscript, we actively stabilize the cavity length to the frequency of a laser, achieving a feedback bandwidth of 44 kHz. The laser frequency could in turn be stabilized to the fixed frequency of an emitter optical transition, thereby reducing the cavity detuning. Moving forward, this system can be cooled to cryogenic temperature where it should be possible to achieve a strong enhancement of coherent emission into the cavity mode. Such a device would directly impact progress towards building a scalable quantum information processing network and will open new avenues for exploring fundamental physics"--

Author: Jonathan Lee
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Languages : en
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Cavity quantum electrodynamics provide a platform to form a quantum network which connects individual quantum bits (qubits) via photon. Optical cavity, a device which traps photons in a confined volume can enhance the interaction between photons and the qubits serves as fundamental building block for a quantum network. Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond has emerged as one of the leading solid-state qubits because of its long spin coherence time and single photon emission properties at room temperature. Diamond optical micro-cavities are highly sought after for coupling with NV centers. Fabrication of optical cavities from nano-crystalline diamond film has been demonstrated previously. The quality factor (Q) of such devices was limited by the material properties of the nano-crystalline diamond film. Fabrication of single-crystal diamond photonic cavities is challenging because there is no trivial way to form thin diamond film with optical isolation. In this thesis, we describe an approach to fabricate high quality single-crystal diamond optical cavities for coupling to NV centers in diamond.

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Languages : en
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We present first results from in situ characterization of NV-formation in single crystal diamonds following implantation of low energy nitrogen ions (7.7 keV), co-implantation of hydrogen, helium and carbon ions and in situ annealing. Diamond samples were implanted at room temperature or at a temperature of 780° C during the implantation steps. We find that dynamic annealing during co-implantation enhances NV-center formation by up to 25%.

Author: Warren G. Nagourney
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199665486
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 493

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This book discusses theoretical and practical aspects for generating and manipulating laser radiation. The second edition includes a new complete chapter on fiber lasers, as well as new coverage of mode locked fiber lasers, comb generation in a micro-resonator, and periodically poled optical waveguides.

Author: Andrea Cusano
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319069985
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 377

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This book focuses on a research field that is rapidly emerging as one of the most promising ones for the global optics and photonics community: the “lab-on-fiber” technology. Inspired by the well-established "lab on-a-chip" concept, this new technology essentially envisages novel and highly functionalized devices completely integrated into a single optical fiber for both communication and sensing applications. Based on the R&D experience of some of the world's leading authorities in the fields of optics, photonics, nanotechnology, and material science, this book provides a broad and accurate description of the main developments and achievements in the lab-on-fiber technology roadmap, also highlighting the new perspectives and challenges to be faced. This book is essential for scientists interested in the cutting-edge fiber optic technology, but also for graduate students.

Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123876966
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 593

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Book Description
Single-photon generation and detection is at the forefront of modern optical physics research. This book is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of single-photon techniques and research methods in the spectral region from the visible to the infrared. The use of single photons, produced on demand with well-defined quantum properties, offers an unprecedented set of capabilities that are central to the new area of quantum information and are of revolutionary importance in areas that range from the traditional, such as high sensitivity detection for astronomy, remote sensing, and medical diagnostics, to the exotic, such as secretive surveillance and very long communication links for data transmission on interplanetary missions. The goal of this volume is to provide researchers with a comprehensive overview of the technology and techniques that are available to enable them to better design an experimental plan for its intended purpose. The book will be broken into chapters focused specifically on the development and capabilities of the available detectors and sources to allow a comparative understanding to be developed by the reader along with and idea of how the field is progressing and what can be expected in the near future. Along with this technology, we will include chapters devoted to the applications of this technology, which is in fact much of the driver for its development. This is set to become the go-to reference for this field. - Covers all the basic aspects needed to perform single-photon experiments and serves as the first reference to any newcomer who would like to produce an experimental design that incorporates the latest techniques - Provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of single-photon techniques and research methods in the spectral region from the visible to the infrared, thus giving broad background that should enable newcomers to the field to make rapid progress in gaining proficiency - Written by leading experts in the field, among which, the leading Editor is recognized as having laid down the roadmap, thus providing the reader with an authenticated and reliable source

Author: Serge Haroche
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191523240
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 616

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Book Description
The counter-intuitive aspects of quantum physics have been long illustrated by thought experiments, from Einstein's photon box to Schrödinger's cat. These experiments have now become real, with single particles - electrons, atoms, or photons - directly unveiling the strange features of the quantum. State superpositions, entanglement and complementarity define a novel quantum logic which can be harnessed for information processing, raising great hopes for applications. This book describes a class of such thought experiments made real. Juggling with atoms and photons confined in cavities, ions or cold atoms in traps, is here an incentive to shed a new light on the basic concepts of quantum physics. Measurement processes and decoherence at the quantum-classical boundary are highlighted. This volume, which combines theory and experiments, will be of interest to students in quantum physics, teachers seeking illustrations for their lectures and new problem sets, researchers in quantum optics and quantum information.