Improving the Durability of Thermally Insulated Historic Solid Masonry Walls PDF Download

Author: David Raymond Wach
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Ekaterina Tzekova
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Historic buildings are less energy efficient than modern structures due to the nature of their construction. Although envelope improvements can reduce operating energy, such retrofits can potentially accelerate the deterioration of the historic facade. Consequently, the challenge is to improve the energy performance while maintaining a durable facade. This research proposes a retrofit approach for historic buildings that addresses both energy consumption and durability of the masonry facade. To improve energy performance, an 1879 historic solid masonry home was retrofitted using an innovative Nested Thermal Envelope Design (NTED). An envelope controlling heat, moisture and air movement was constructed around Core and Perimeter zones that were independently operated. Conditioning the entire house provided 36% space heating energy savings below the Ontario Building Code 2012, while turning off the heat to the Perimeter areas increased savings to 68%. To address durability concerns arising from insulating the masonry walls, the use of a vented airspace installed between the masonry and the thermal insulation was explored. The vented airspace at the first field trial increased the drying potential of the historic masonry during the winter when the brick was most vulnerable to freeze-thaw damage. An estimated 1.1 kg/m2/a was removed at South and East walls. The second field trial showed drying between 4.3 kg/m2/a and 5.7 kg/m2/a at the South and 0.08 kg/m2/a wetting at the North. In situ moisture content levels of the brick varied between 10% - 15% while laboratory testing of similar brick revealed a saturated moisture content of 29%. Both field trials showed that the vented airspace drying potential was influenced by facade orientation and solar radiation levels. An alternative way of constructing the airspace was then tested in the laboratory to explore the use of air permeable insulation in lieu of a clear airspace. Walls constructed with rock wool insulation and vent holes, but with no clear airspace, removed between 52% - 90% of moisture, depending on the insulation density and vent hole area. Walls featuring a clear airspace removed between 59% - 95% of moisture. These laboratory tests showed that enough air was able to move through the air permeable insulation thereby improving the drying potential of the walls.

Author: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. External Research Program
Publisher: CMHC
ISBN:
Category : Dwellings
Languages : en
Pages : 75

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Author: Jo Ellen Hensley
Publisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN: 9780160897627
Category : Historic buildings
Languages : en
Pages : 16

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Book Description
NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNT FOR THIS PRINT PRODUCT -- OVERSTOCK SALE -- Significantly reduced list price Helps property owners, preservation professionals, and stewards of historic buildings make informed decisions when considering energy efficiency improvements to historic buildings. This brief targets primarily small-to medium-size historic buildings, both residential and commercial. However, the general decision-making principles outlined here apply to buildings of any size and complexity. This guidance is provided in accordance with the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation to ensure that the architectural integrity of the historic property is preserved. Other related products: A Do-It-Yourself Guide to Sealing and Insulating With Energy Star: Sealing Air Leaks and Adding Attic Insulation is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/055-000-00684-9 Preservation Briefs: 15-23 (2007) is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/024-005-01256-7 The Seismic Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/024-005-01322-9 Renovation & Historic Preservation resources collection can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/science-technology/construction-archit..."

Author: David Pickles
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781848024427
Category : Historic buildings
Languages : en
Pages : 26

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This guidance note provides advice on the principles, risks, materials and methods for insulating solid masonry walls. Traditional solid wall construction is often the most difficult and in many cases the least cost effective part of a building to insulate. However, adding insulation to solid walls can lead to a significant reduction in heat loss but thought and care is needed to make sure the works are appropriate, effective and do not cause long-term problems. Whether applied externally or internally, this type of work can have a significant impact on the appearance of the building. Wall insulation will also alter the technical performance of the solid wall and can either exacerbate existing moisture-related problems or create new ones. In some cases the technical risks of adding insulation to solid walls will be too great and alternative ways of providing a more cost effective long-term solution to improving energy efficiency may be more appropriate. External insulation can be particularly difficult to incorporate into some older buildings as costly ancillary adaptations such as changes to the eaves and verges of roofs, drainage pipework, and window and door reveals are often required. As a consequence such works needs a high degree of quality control. For listed buildings any form of wall insulation is likely to require consent. For many buildings, including those in conservation areas and national parks, external wall insulation will usually require planning permission. This guidance forms one of a series of thirteen guidance notes covering the thermal upgrading of building elements such as roofs, walls and floors.

Author: David Pickles
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781848024366
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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This guidance note provides advice on the principles, risks, materials and methods for improving the thermal performance of buildings built with early forms of masonry cavity walls dating from before the Second World War. Builders and architects started to experiment with cavity or 'hollow walls' from early in the Victorian period. By the first decade of the 20th century, most pattern books for houses included examples of outer walls with two separate leaves of brickwork. Initially the development of the hollow wall was to provide as much protection as possible from the elements, especially driving rain, together with enhanced stability and economy of materials. These types of wall first appeared in exposed areas, particularly coastal locations. Since the energy crisis of the early 1970s it has become common to fill or partially fill the cavity with a variety of insulation materials to reduce the heat loss through the wall. Modern cavity walls (post-Second World War) often provide a good opportunity to improve thermal performance with cavity insulation. Such insulation is invisible, cheap and quick to install, with no reduction to room sizes. However, cavity insulation is not generally suitable for all cavity walls particularly those classed as 'early cavity walls'. The performance of early cavity walls will differ from that of later cavity walls and these differences need to be taken into account when considering the addition of insulation. However, some early cavity walls can be insulated using cavity insulation and this guidance discusses how to determine whether any particular wall is suitable. For some early cavity walls, cavity fill insulation will always be unsuitable and the construction needs to be treated as a solid wall, insulated either internally or externally or not at all. This guidance forms one of a series of thirteen guidance notes covering the thermal upgrading of building elements such as roofs, walls and floors.

Author: Nastassja Pearson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Insulating historic masonry buildings will improve thermal performance. However, heritage requirements often limit the addition of insulation to the interior surface. This can lead to colder and wetter walls. Freezing temperatures coupled with high moisture levels in the brick leave the walls susceptible to frost damage. Current retrofit designs attempt to control condensation of interior moisture. However, these designs do not consider exterior moisture sources, nor do they allow for interstitial moisture to be easily removed. This thesis presents an innovative, ventilated masonry retrofit that utilizes drainage and drying to address moisture accumulation issues. Computer simulations are used to assess and compare the hygrothermal performance of typical and ventilated masonry retrofits. The results show masonry moisture contents are reduced when ventilation drying is provided. Further, these simulations show it may be possible to increase thermal insulation levels in historic masonry buildings without damaging the very façade to be preserved.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
?There are many existing buildings with load-bearing mass masonry walls, whose energy performance could be improved with the retrofit of insulation. However, adding insulation to the interior side of walls of such masonry buildings in cold (and wet) climates may cause performance and durability problems. Some concerns, such as condensation and freeze-thaw have known solutions. But wood members embedded in the masonry structure will be colder (and potentially wetter) after an interior insulation retrofit. Moisture content and relative humidity were monitored at joist ends in historic mass brick masonry walls retrofitted with interior insulation in a cold climate (Zone 5A); data were collected from 2012-2015. Eleven joist ends were monitored in all four orientations. One limitation of these results is that the renovation is still ongoing, with limited wintertime construction heating and no permanent occupancy to date. Measurements show that many joists ends remain at high moisture contents, especially at north- and east-facing orientations, with constant 100 percent RH conditions at the worst cases. These high moisture levels are not conducive for wood durability, but no evidence for actual structural damage has been observed. Insulated vs. non-insulated joist pockets do not show large differences. South facing joists have safe (10-15 percent) moisture contents. Given the uncertainty pointed out by research, definitive guidance on the vulnerability of embedded wood members is difficult to formulate. In high-risk situations, or when a very conservative approach is warranted, the embedded wood member condition can be eliminated entirely, supporting the joist ends outside of the masonry pocket.

Author: National Research Council (U.S.). Building Research Institute
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN:
Category : House & Home
Languages : en
Pages : 106

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Book Description

Author: British Standards Institute Staff
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780580547416
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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Book Description
Construction systems parts, Construction materials, Moisture, Moisture measurement, Water absorption, Water vapour, Condensation, Humidity, Rainfall, Heat transfer, Drying, Mathematical calculations, Simulation, Thermal design of buildings