Improving Pedestrian Safety at Unsignalized Crossings PDF Download

Author: Kay Fitzpatrick
Publisher: Transportation Research Board National Research
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 116

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Book Description
TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) and National Cooperative Highway Research Program have jointly produced and published Improving Pedestrian Safety at Unsignalized Crossings. The product, which can be referred to as TCRP Report 112 or NCHRP Report 562, examines selected engineering treatments to improve safety for pedestrians crossing high-volume and high-speed roadways at unsignalized locations. The report presents the edited final report and Appendix A. TCRP Web-Only Document 30/NCHRP Web-Only Document 91 (Pedestrian Safety at Unsignalized Crossings: Appendices B to O) contains the remaining appendixes of the contractor's final report.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic book
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Charles V. Zegeer
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428995501
Category : Pedestrian accidents
Languages : en
Pages : 164

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Book Description
This guide is intended to provide information on how to identify safety and mobility needs for pedestrians with the roadway right-of-way. Useful for engineers, planners, safety professionals and decision-makers, the guide covers such topics as: the Walking Environment including sidewalks, curb ramps, crosswalks, roadway lighting and pedestrian over and under passes; Roadway Design including bicycle lanes, roadway narrowing, reducing the number of lanes, one-way/two-way streets, right-turn slip lanes and raised medians; Intersections with roundabouts, T-intersections and median barriers; and Traffic calming designs.

Author:
Publisher: AASHTO
ISBN: 1560512717
Category : CD-ROMS.
Languages : en
Pages : 142

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Author: Charles B. Stoke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pedestrians
Languages : en
Pages : 42

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Book Description
During its 1989 session, the Virginia General Assembly passed House Joint Resolution No. 419. The Resolution requested that Virginia's pedestrian safety laws be studied and that recommendations for revisions of those laws be made to improve pedestrian safety. Data concerning motor vehicle crashes involving pedestrians, for the period from 1986 through 1988, were obtained and analyzed. During these 3 years, 389 pedestrians were killed, and 6,540 were injured. Pedestrians accounted for over 12 percent of the fatalities and nearly 3 percent of the injuries resulting from motor vehicle crashes. The analysis of the data identified specific pedestrian, location, driver, and vehicle crash characteristics. It was found that nearly 90 percent of the pedestrians killed and 78 percent of those injured were over 9 years old. They were either not using crosswalks when crossing the roadway, or were .walking along the roadway, or were standing or working in the roadway. Nearly 55 percent of the pedestrians killed and 83 percent of those injured were in business and residential areas. Hit-and-run, speed limit violations, inattention, and avoiding maneuvers were the primary driver actions cited. The vehicle was going straight ahead in over 70 percent of the cases when a pedestrian was killed or injured. The Code of Virginia was analyzed as it applied to the rights, duties, and responsibilities of both pedestrians and motorists and as it addressed the pedestrian crash problem. It was found that the Code does not address several problems and deals inadequately with others. The following changes were suggested: add six definitions, clarify pedestrian right of way in crosswalks, require drivers to yield to pedestrians on sidewalks, require pedestrian obedience to traffic control devices, prohibit passing a loading or unloading bus on the right, to prohibit certain pedestrian actions at railroad crossings, regulate pedestrian crossing behavior at locations other than crosswalks, regulate pedestrian use of the highways, detail pedestrian response to emergency vehicles, require both motorists and pedestrians to use due care.

Author: Shile Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 120

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Book Description
The research aims to improve pedestrian safety at signalized intersections using video data, surrogate safety measures and deep learning. Machine learning (including deep learning) models are proposed for predicting pedestrians’ potentially dangerous situations. On the one hand, pedestrians’ red-light violations can expose the pedestrians to motorized traffic and pose potential threats to pedestrian safety. Thus, the prediction of pedestrians’ crossing intention during red-light signals is carried out. The pose estimation technique is used to extract features on pedestrians’ bodies. Machine learning models are used to predict pedestrians’ crossing intention at intersections’ red-light, with video data collected from signalized intersections. Multiple prediction horizons are used. On the other hand, SSMs (Surrogate Safety Measures) can be used to better investigate the mechanisms of crashes proactively compared with crash data. With the SSMs indicators, pedestrians’ near-crash events can be identified. The automated computer vision techniques such as Mask R-CNN (Region-based Convolutional Neural Network) and YOLO (You Only Look Once) are utilized to generate the features of the road users from video data. The interactions between vehicles and pedestrians are analyzed. Based on that, the prediction of pedestrians’ conflicts in time series with deep learning models is carried out at the individual-vehicle level. Besides, two SSMs indicators, PET (Post Encroachment Time) and TTC (Time to Collision), are derived from videos to label pedestrians’ near-crash events. Deep learning model such as LSTM (Long Short-term Memory) is used for modeling. To make the model more adaptive to a real-time system, the signal timing data ATSPM© (Automated Traffic Signal Performance Measures) can be used. The signal cycles that contain pedestrian phases are labeled with the SSMs indicators derived from videos and then modeled. With the above-mentioned models proposed, the decision makers can determine the possible countermeasures, or the warning strategies for drivers at intersections.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Local transit
Languages : en
Pages : 68

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Book Description
The guide is intended to provide transit agency staff with an easy-to-use resource for improving pedestrian safety. The guide includes a variety of approaches to address common pedestrian safety issues that are likely to arise near transit stations, bus stops, and other places where transit (bus or rail) is operated. It provides references to publications, guides and other tools to identify pedestrian safety problems. Descriptions of engineering, education and enforcement programs that have been effectively applied by transit agencies are included as well as background information about pedestrian safety and access to transit.

Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240072497
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 56

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Book Description
This second edition of Pedestrian safety: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners has updated the evidence on risk factors and interventions for pedestrian safety. The manual is aimed at policy-makers and road safety practitioners and draws on experience from countries that have succeeded in improving pedestrian safety. Pedestrian risk is increased when roadway design and land-use planning fail to provide facilities such as sidewalks, or adequate consideration of pedestrian access at intersections. There are several specific engineering measures that reduce pedestrian exposure to vehicular traffic and most involve separating pedestrians from vehicles or reducing traffic volume. Speed management is important for addressing pedestrian safety and involves much more than setting and enforcing appropriate speed limits. It deploys a range of engineering, enforcement and education measures in order to balance safety with efficient vehicle speeds on the road network. Road environment, legislation, and enforcement interventions – both alone and in combination with road user behaviour/education remedies –can improve pedestrian safety.

Author: Charles V. Zegeer
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780309446266
Category : Pedestrian crosswalks
Languages : en
Pages : 154

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Book Description
"TRB's National Cooperative Research Program (NCHRP) Report 841: Development of Crash Modification Factors for Uncontrolled Pedestrian Crossing Treatments quantifies the safety benefits of four types of pedestrian crossing treatments—rectangular rapid flashing beacons, pedestrian hybrid beacons, pedestrian refuge islands, and advanced YIELD or STOP markings and signs—and presents a crash modification factor (CMF) for each treatment type. This information, which is suitable for inclusion in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Highway Safety Manual, the U.S. Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) CMF Clearinghouse, and other guidance, will be valuable to transportation agencies in choosing the appropriate crossing treatment for uncontrolled pedestrian crossings." - Publisher description