Author: Liang Zhao Publisher: ISBN: Category : Metabolic syndrome Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Obesity has become a major health concern due to its close associations with the development of multiple metabolic syndromes. Disruption of the skeletal muscle under the challenge of obesity has severe adverse outcomes on the systematic metabolism. Obesity during the pregnancy impairs the developmental progress in the offspring which predisposes the risks of metabolic disorders later in life. A better understanding of the impairments caused by obesity to the skeletal muscle and the underlying mechanism are urgently needed to help with the prevention of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunctions. In this dissertation, the impairments of obesity to the skeletal muscle were examined both at the embryonic and adult stages. (1) Using single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we found that maternal obesity enhanced a hypoxic state in the mouse embryos at embryonic 9.5 day, accompanied by increased glycolysis, decreased oxidative phosphorylation and elevated oxidative stress. The bone morphogen protein signaling transduction within the dermomyotome was enhanced by maternal obesity, which attenuated the myogenic differentiation by suppressing the expression of an important myogenic regulator, Mef2c. The myogenic inhibitory function of the hypoxia regulator, HIF1A, was achieved through up-regulation of the down-stream effector of Notch signaling, Hes1. Maternal obesity-attenuated myogenic differentiation at the embryonic stage may account for the impairments in muscle growth and function at later lives. (2) Retinoic acid signaling in fibro/adipogenic progenitors was found to facilitate the myofiber regeneration after injury as well as to suppress their ectopic differentiation into adipocytes. Decreased retinoic acid signaling in the skeletal muscle caused by obesity disrupted the physiological functions of fibro/adipogenic progenitors, which resulted in failed muscle repair with enhanced lipid and fibrosis accumulation. (3) AMPK[alpha]1 was identified as an important mediator for the beneficial effects of raspberry supplementation on alleviating inflammatory responses and promoting insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle of obese mice. Taken together, our studies provide us with a better understanding of obesity-induced impairments to the skeletal muscle at both the embryonic and adult stages. Signaling mechanisms identified in these studies provide theoretic supports to the therapeutic treatments of obesity and associated metabolic syndromes.
Author: Stéphane Walrand Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128104104 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 590
Book Description
Nutrition and Skeletal Muscle provides coverage of the evidence of dietary components that have proven beneficial for bettering adverse changes in skeletal muscle from disuse and aging. Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the body, providing elements of contraction and locomotion and acting as an important contributor to whole body protein and amino metabolism, glucose disposal and lipid metabolism. However, muscle loss, atrophy or weakness can occur when there are metabolic imbalances, disuse or aging. This book addresses the topic by providing insight and research from international leaders, making it the go-to reference for those in skeletal muscle physiology. - Provides an understanding of the crucial role of skeletal muscle in global metabolic homeostasis regulation - Delivers the information needed to understand the utilization of crucial supplements for the preservation of skeletal muscle - Presents insights on research from international leaders in the field
Author: Jean-Pierre Montmayeur Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420067761 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 646
Book Description
Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se
Author: Dietbert Neumann Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3038976628 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 452
Book Description
Starting from a kinase of interest, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has gone far beyond an average biomolecule. Being expressed in all mammalian cell types and probably having a counterpart in every eukaryotic cell, AMPK has attracted interest in virtually all areas of biological research. Structural and biophysical insights have greatly contributed to a molecular understanding of this kinase. From good old protein biochemistry to modern approaches, such as systems biology and advanced microscopy, all disciplines have provided important information. Thus, multiple links to cellular events and subcellular localizations have been established. Moreover, the crucial involvement of AMPK in human health and disease has been evidenced. AMPK accordingly has moved from an interesting enzyme to a pharmacological target. However, despite our extensive current knowledge about AMPK, the growing community is busier than ever. This book provides a snapshot of recent and current AMPK research with an emphasis on work providing molecular insight, including but not limited to novel physiological and pathological functions, or regulatory mechanisms. Up-to-date reviews and research articles are included.
Author: Leonid Poretsky Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9781402071140 Category : Diabetes Languages : en Pages : 788
Book Description
Diabetes mellitus is a very common disease which affects approximately 150,000,000 worldwide. With its prevalence rising rapidly, diabetes continues to mystify and fascinate both practitioners and investigators by its elusive causes and multitude of This textbook is written for endocrinologists, specialists in other disciplines who treat diabetic patients, primary care physicians, housestaff and medical students. It covers, in a concise and clear manner, all aspects of the disease, from its pathogenesis on the molecular and cellular levels to its most modern therapy.
Author: Ayse Basak Engin Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331948382X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 618
Book Description
Due to the resultant health consequences and considerable increase in prevalence, obesity has become a major worldwide health problem. “Obesity and Lipotoxicity” is a comprehensive review of the recent researches to provide a better understanding of the lipotoxicity-related mechanisms of obesity and the potential for the development of new treatment strategies. This book overviews the biochemical pathways leading to obesity-related metabolic disorders that occur subsequent to lipotoxicity. Chapters examine the deleterious effects of nutrient excess at molecular level including the cellular and molecular aspects of breast cancer, resistance to leptin, insulin, adiponectin, and interconnection between the circadian clock and metabolic pathways during high-fat feeding. “Lipotoxicity and Obesity” will be a useful resource for clinicians and basic science researchers, such as biochemists, toxicologists, immunologists, nutritionists, adult and pediatric endocrinologists, cardiologists, as well as students who are thought in this field.
Author: George Grunberger Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0203302958 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 485
Book Description
With contributions from the leading researchers in the field, this volume brings together the latest studies on insulin action and signal transduction to provide a state-of-the-art reference for graduate researchers and students in diabetes and endocrinology. Insulin Signaling is a comprehensive study of the regulation of molecular events by insulin at a cellular level, utilizing experimental techniques ranging from molecular systems through phenotypic expression in transgenic and knockout models.
Author: Jose Antonio Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1597453021 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 689
Book Description
This volume is a comprehensive textbook for the undergraduate course in sports nutrition. Focusing on exercise physiology, this text is to be used in a certification course sponsored by the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN).
Author: David A.D. Parry Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319496743 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 630
Book Description
This book provides the readers with an up-to-date review of the design, structure and function of a representative selection of fibrous proteins in both health and disease. The importance of the α-helical coiled coil, a conformational motif based on the heptad repeat in the amino acid sequence of all α-fibrous proteins (and parts of some globular proteins) is underlined by three Chapters devoted to its design, structure, function and topology. Specific proteins covered in the text and which depend on the coiled coil for their structure and function, include the intermediate filament proteins, tropomyosin, myosin, paramyosin, fibrin and members of the spectrin superfamily. Also described are fibrous proteins based on the β-pleated sheet and collagen conformations. Recombinant structural proteins, especially of silk and collagen, are discussed in the context of developing new biomaterials with varied applications. Established researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of protein chemistry, biochemistry and structural biophysics will find Fibrous Proteins: Structures and Mechanisms to be an invaluable collection of topical reviews that describe the basic advances made in the field of fibrous proteins over the past decade. This book, written by recognized authorities in the field, provides a clear account of the current status of fibrous protein research and, in addition, establishes the basis for deciding the most appropriate directions for future activity, including the applications of protein engineering and the commercial exploitation of new biomaterials.
Author: Liang Zhao
Author: Stéphane Walrand
Author: Jean-Pierre Montmayeur
Author: Dietbert Neumann
Author: Leonid Poretsky
Author: Ayse Basak Engin
Author: Olasunkanmi Adegoke
Author: George Grunberger
Author: Jose Antonio
Author: David A.D. Parry