Impacts of Cover Crops on Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Flux from a Row Crop Agricultural Field in Central Illinois PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Impacts of Cover Crops on Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Flux from a Row Crop Agricultural Field in Central Illinois PDF full book. Access full book title Impacts of Cover Crops on Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Flux from a Row Crop Agricultural Field in Central Illinois by Joshua Smith. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Joshua Smith Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 109
Book Description
In the United States, there is renewed interest in incorporating cover crops into agricultural systems to provide a variety of potential benefits related to soil quality, water quality, and greenhouse gas emissions. This study focused on assessing whether cover crops influence N 2 O and CO2 emissions in a central Illinois agricultural research field over two years (2011-2013) of cover crop growing seasons. Three winter cover crop systems, annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum ), cereal rye (Secale cereale ), and a cereal rye (2011)/ hairy vetch (Vicia villosa ) (2012) rotation were planted after fall 2011 and 2012 harvests. The field included a total of eight main plots, two of each treatment, and two no cover crop control plots. Soil carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) fluxes were measured from the plots in a single corn (Zea mays ) - soybean (Glycine max ) system for two cover crop growing seasons. Fluxes of CO 2 and CO2 were measured in March 2012, August 2012, and February 2013. The CO2 flux measurements were performed by using an infrared gas analyzer. The N2 O fluxes were analyzed from samples collected at 0, 10, 20, 30 min intervals from the same closed dynamic chamber system. Both CO2 and N2 O fluxes were computed from respective gas concentrations over time. Data were analyzed with a repeated measures mixed model procedure. N2 O fluxes from the cereal rye/hairy vetch plots were greater than the no cover control and annual ryegrass plots, suggesting that cover crops may not decrease N2 O fluxes immediately after being incorporated into a cropping system. In contrast, CO2 fluxes did not significantly differ among the treatments, but the cereal rye/hairy vetch plot sequestered ~100 kg C ha-1 of soil organic carbon (SOC). Overall, it was observed that some cover crop plots can have higher N2 O fluxes than plots without cover crops, but cover crops have the long-term potential to sequester C in croplands demonstrating that their use should still be considered a sustainable agriculture practice.
Author: Joshua Smith Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 109
Book Description
In the United States, there is renewed interest in incorporating cover crops into agricultural systems to provide a variety of potential benefits related to soil quality, water quality, and greenhouse gas emissions. This study focused on assessing whether cover crops influence N 2 O and CO2 emissions in a central Illinois agricultural research field over two years (2011-2013) of cover crop growing seasons. Three winter cover crop systems, annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum ), cereal rye (Secale cereale ), and a cereal rye (2011)/ hairy vetch (Vicia villosa ) (2012) rotation were planted after fall 2011 and 2012 harvests. The field included a total of eight main plots, two of each treatment, and two no cover crop control plots. Soil carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) fluxes were measured from the plots in a single corn (Zea mays ) - soybean (Glycine max ) system for two cover crop growing seasons. Fluxes of CO 2 and CO2 were measured in March 2012, August 2012, and February 2013. The CO2 flux measurements were performed by using an infrared gas analyzer. The N2 O fluxes were analyzed from samples collected at 0, 10, 20, 30 min intervals from the same closed dynamic chamber system. Both CO2 and N2 O fluxes were computed from respective gas concentrations over time. Data were analyzed with a repeated measures mixed model procedure. N2 O fluxes from the cereal rye/hairy vetch plots were greater than the no cover control and annual ryegrass plots, suggesting that cover crops may not decrease N2 O fluxes immediately after being incorporated into a cropping system. In contrast, CO2 fluxes did not significantly differ among the treatments, but the cereal rye/hairy vetch plot sequestered ~100 kg C ha-1 of soil organic carbon (SOC). Overall, it was observed that some cover crop plots can have higher N2 O fluxes than plots without cover crops, but cover crops have the long-term potential to sequester C in croplands demonstrating that their use should still be considered a sustainable agriculture practice.
Author: Mark Liebig Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0123868971 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 602
Book Description
In 2002, the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) developed a coordinated national research effort called GRACEnet (Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network) to provide information on the soil C status and GHG emission of current agricultural practices, and to develop new management practices to reduce net GHG emission and increase soil C sequestration primarily from soil management. Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases synthesizes the wealth of information generated from the GRACEnet project in over 30 ARS locations throughout the US and in numerous peer-reviewed articles. Although GRACEnet is an ARS project, contributors to this work include a variety of backgrounds and reported findings have important international applications. For example, many parts of the world possess similar ecoregions to the U.S. (e.g., northern Great Plains is similar to the Argentina Pampas and Ukraine Steppe).
Author: George Yakubu Mahama Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Leguminous cover crops systems have been envisaged as a critical component of sustainable agriculture due to their potential to increase soil productivity through cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in agricultural systems. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of leguminous summer cover crops; cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp], sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and double-cropped grain crops; grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] after winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to determine the effects of these crops and varying N rates in the cropping system on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, growth and yield of succeeding grain sorghum and maize (Zea mays L.) crop, soil aggregation, aggregate-associated C, and N. Field and laboratory studies were conducted for two years. The cover crops and double-cropped grain crops were planted immediately after winter wheat harvest. The cover crops were terminated at the beginning of flowering. Nitrogen fertilizer (urea 46% N) rates of 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg N ha−1 were applied to grain sorghum or maize in fallow plots. Pigeon pea and grain sorghum had more C accumulation than cowpea, sunn hemp and double-cropped soybean. Pigeon pea and cowpea had more N uptake than sunn hemp and the double-cropped grain crops. Fallow with N fertilizer application produced significantly greater N2O emissions than all the cover crops systems. Nitrous oxide emissions were relatively similar in the various cover crop systems and fallow with 0 kg N ha−1. Grain yield of sorghum and maize in all the cover crop and double cropped soybean systems was similar to that in the fallow with 45 kg N ha−1. Both grain sorghum and maize in the double-cropped soybean system and fallow with 90 kg N ha−1 or 135 kg N ha−1 gave profitable economic net returns over the years. The double-cropped grain sorghum system increased aggregate-associated C and whole soil total C, and all the cover crop and the double-cropped soybean systems increased aggregate-associated N and soil N pools. Inclusion of leguminous cover crops without N fertilizer application reduced N2O emissions and provided additional C accumulation and N uptake, contributing to increased grain yield of the following cereal grain crop.
Author: Jonathan Vick Publisher: ISBN: 9781369795554 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) with a global warming potential (GWP) 298 times greater than CO2. Cover crops, those crops grown other than the cash crop, offer a range of benefits for growers. However, cover crops also serve as inputs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), that can stimulate microbial N2O emissions. Vineyard agroecosystems represent a unique case for studying the effects of cover crops on N2O emissions as vineyard cover crops are generally non-fertilized and rain-fed. A two-year field study and accompanying laboratory incubation was conducted to examine the effects of three cover crop treatments (a legume mix, a ‘soil builder’ mix, and perennial ryegrass) and a fallow control on soil GHG emissions and soil N-dynamics. N2O emissions over the course of the study period did not show significant differences, with emissions ranging from 550 ± 202 g N2O-N ha−1 from the fallow soil to 951 ± 135 g N2O-N ha−1 from the ryegrass planted soil. Precipitation patterns were an important driver of N2O emissions. The laboratory incubation results showed N2O emissions from the legume mix planted soil to be an order of magnitude higher than the other treatments, with denitrification as the pathway responsible for the observed differences in gaseous N production rates. Additionally, patterns of N-transformations exhibited treatment differences, suggesting that two years of cover cropping influenced soil microbial community behavior.
Author: Mark Liebig Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 012386898X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 602
Book Description
Global climate change is a natural process that currently appears to be strongly influenced by human activities, which increase atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG). Agriculture contributes about 20% of the world's global radiation forcing from carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, and produces 50% of the methane and 70% of the nitrous oxide of the human-induced emission. Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases synthesizes the wealth of information generated from the GRACEnet (Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network) effort with contributors from a variety of backgrounds, and reports findings with important international applications. - Frames responses to challenges associated with climate change within the geographical domain of the U.S., while providing a useful model for researchers in the many parts of the world that possess similar ecoregions - Covers not only soil C dynamics but also nitrous oxide and methane flux, filling a void in the existing literature - Educates scientists and technical service providers conducting greenhouse gas research, industry, and regulators in their agricultural research by addressing the issues of GHG emissions and ways to reduce these emissions - Synthesizes the data from top experts in the world into clear recommendations and expectations for improvements in the agricultural management of global warming potential as an aggregate of GHG emissions
Author: Lajpat Ahuja Publisher: Water Resources Publication ISBN: 9781887201087 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 388
Book Description
This publication comes with computer software and presents a comprehensive simulation model designed to predict the hydrologic response, including potential for surface and groundwater contamination, of alternative crop-management systems. It simulates crop development and the movement of water, nutrients and pesticides over and through the root zone for a representative unit area of an agricultural field over multiple years. The model allows simulation of a wide spectrum of management practices and scenarios with special features such as the rapid transport of surface-applied chemicals through macropores to deeper depths and the preferential transport of chemicals within the soil matrix via mobile-immobile zones. The transfer of surface-applied chemicals (pesticides in particular) to runoff water is also an important component.
Author: Werner L. Kutsch Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139483161 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 301
Book Description
Carbon stored in soils represents the largest terrestrial carbon pool and factors affecting this will be vital in the understanding of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This book provides an integrated view on measuring and modeling soil carbon dynamics. Based on a broad range of in-depth contributions by leading scientists it gives an overview of current research concepts, developments and outlooks and introduces cutting-edge methodologies, ranging from questions of appropriate measurement design to the potential application of stable isotopes and molecular tools. It includes a standardised soil CO2 efflux protocol, aimed at data consistency and inter-site comparability and thus underpins a regional and global understanding of soil carbon dynamics. This book provides an important reference work for students and scientists interested in many aspects of soil ecology and biogeochemical cycles, policy makers, carbon traders and others concerned with the global carbon cycle.
Author: John M. Kimble Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351415840 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 404
Book Description
Soil Management and Greenhouse Effect focuses on proper management of soils and its effects on global change, specifically, the greenhouse effect. It contains up-to-date information on a broad range of important soil management topics, emphasizing the critical role of soil for carbon storage. Sequestration and emission of carbon and other gases are examined in various ecosystems, in both natural and managed environments, to provide a comprehensive overview. This useful reference includes chapters that address policy issues, as well as research and development priorities. The material in this volume is valuable not only to soil scientists but to the entire environmental science community.
Author: Joshua Smith
Author: Joshua Smith
Author: Mark Liebig
Author: George Yakubu Mahama
Author: James Stuart Schepers
Author: Jonathan Vick
Author: Mark Liebig
Author: Henning Steinfeld
Author: Lajpat Ahuja
Author: Werner L. Kutsch
Author: John M. Kimble