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Author: K. Byrappa Publisher: William Andrew ISBN: 1437778364 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 796
Book Description
Quartz, zeolites, gemstones, perovskite type oxides, ferrite, carbon allotropes, complex coordinated compounds and many more -- all products now being produced using hydrothermal technology. Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology brings together the latest techniques in this rapidly advancing field in one exceptionally useful, long-needed volume.The handbook provides a single source for understanding how aqueous solvents or mineralizers work under temperature and pressure to dissolve and recrystallize normally insoluble materials, and decompose or recycle any waste material. The result, as the authors show in the book, is technologically the most efficient method in crystal growth, materials processing, and waste treatment. The book gives scientists and technologists an overview of the entire subject including: À Evolution of the technology from geology to widespread industrial use. À Descriptions of equipment used in the process and how it works.À Problems involved with the growth of crystals, processing of technological materials, environmental and safety issues.À Analysis of the direction of today's technology. In addition, readers get a close look at the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites, fluorides, sulfides, tungstates, and molybdates, as well as native elements and simple oxides. Delving into the commercial production of various types, the authors clarify the effects of temperature, pressure, solvents, and various other chemical components on the hydrothermal processes. - Gives an overview of the evolution of Hydrothermal Technology from geology to widespread industrial use - Describes the equipment used in the process and how it works - Discusses problems involved with the growth of crystals, processing of technological materials, and environmental and safety issues
Author: K. Byrappa Publisher: William Andrew ISBN: 1437778364 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 796
Book Description
Quartz, zeolites, gemstones, perovskite type oxides, ferrite, carbon allotropes, complex coordinated compounds and many more -- all products now being produced using hydrothermal technology. Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology brings together the latest techniques in this rapidly advancing field in one exceptionally useful, long-needed volume.The handbook provides a single source for understanding how aqueous solvents or mineralizers work under temperature and pressure to dissolve and recrystallize normally insoluble materials, and decompose or recycle any waste material. The result, as the authors show in the book, is technologically the most efficient method in crystal growth, materials processing, and waste treatment. The book gives scientists and technologists an overview of the entire subject including: À Evolution of the technology from geology to widespread industrial use. À Descriptions of equipment used in the process and how it works.À Problems involved with the growth of crystals, processing of technological materials, environmental and safety issues.À Analysis of the direction of today's technology. In addition, readers get a close look at the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites, fluorides, sulfides, tungstates, and molybdates, as well as native elements and simple oxides. Delving into the commercial production of various types, the authors clarify the effects of temperature, pressure, solvents, and various other chemical components on the hydrothermal processes. - Gives an overview of the evolution of Hydrothermal Technology from geology to widespread industrial use - Describes the equipment used in the process and how it works - Discusses problems involved with the growth of crystals, processing of technological materials, and environmental and safety issues
Author: A. N. Lobachev Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1468475231 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
This collection conta ins the results of a number of investiga tions which have been carried out in the Hydrothermal Synthesis Laboratory of the Institute of Crystallography, Academy of Sciences of the USSR; it constitutes a continuation of an earlier collection which appeared in 1968: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Crystals. Problems associated with the synthesis of oxides, simple and complex sulfides, carbonates, silicates, and germanates are consid ered, and a great deal of factual material relating to the growth of single crystals of some of these compounds on a seed is presented. Some of the articles pay special attention to the kinetic asp ect of the growth of crystals; the conditions of growth are relat ed to the morphological characteristics of the growing faces, and the relationship between the habit of the crystals and the oomposi tion and constitution of the solutions is considered. A fair number of articles are concerned with the crystalliza tion of new compounds, most of which have now been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions for the very first time; these in clude ternary chalcohalides of composition AVBvIVVII. zirconates, lithium silicates, and germanates. The collection also contains a description of the apparatus used for precision measurements at high temperatures and pres sures. We hope that this publication will present a better idea of the special characteristics of the hydrothermal method of synthes izing and .growing crystals, and will prove useful to all those in terested in this field of knowledge.
Author: C.J.M. Rooijmans Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364267061X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 146
Book Description
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, in conjunction with Springer-Verlag New York, is pleased to announce a new series: CRYSTALS Growth, Properties, and Applications The series will present critical reviews of recent developments in the field of crystal growth, properties, and applications. A substantial portion of the new series will be devoted to the theory, mechanisms, and techniques of crystal growth. Occasionally, clear, concise, complete, and tested instructions fqr growing crystals will be published, particularly in the case of methods and procedures that promise to have general applicability. Responding· to the ever-increasing need for crystal substances in research and industry, appropriate space will be devoted to methods of crystal characterization and analysis in the broadest sense, even though reproducible results may be expected only when structures, microstructures, and composition are really known. Relations among procedures, properties, and the morphology of crystals will also be treated with reference to specific aspects of their practical application. In this way, the series will bridge the gaps between the needs of research and industry, the pos sibilities and limitations of crystal growth, and the properties of crystals. Reports on the broad spectrum of new applications - in electronics, laser tech nology, and nonlinear optics, to name only a few - will be of interest not only to industry and technology, but to wider areas of applied physics as well and to solid state physics in particular. In response to the growing interest in and importance of organic crystals and polymers, they will also be treated.
Author: Bahar Özmen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Crystal growth Languages : en Pages : 154
Book Description
The structure solution of the new polyoxovanadate compound ([V16O31(OH)7]Cl.15H2O), has been done by the SHELX crystal solution software. The compound was synthesized solvothermally at 170 C in the Northwestern University.The compound crystallizes in the space group C2/c of the monoclinic system with eight formula units in a cell of dimensions a = 18.070 (2) A, b = 17.414 (2) A, c = 15.1154 (18) A, .= 97.696 (2), V= 4713.8 (10) A3 (T = 153 K). The structure is composed of vanadium-oxygen clusters encapsulating Cl anion. Each of the V centers has square pyramidal geometry coordinated by five O atoms. The 16 (VO5) units are fused together through common edges to form (V16O38) cage with Cl anion in the middle.The single crystals of the [Ni(en)3(VO3)2] compound was synthesized by hydrothermal method. [Ni(en)3(VO3)2] compound is in the crystal system of hexagonal and in the space group P61. The unit cell parameters are a = 8.9940 (13) A, b = 8.9940 (13) A, c = 34.001 (7) A and alpha = 90 , B = 90 , y = 120 . The structure is composed of VO4 tetrahedras which are joined with others by sharing corners into infinite chains running along the c axis. The complex cation [Ni(en)3]2+ are located between the chains The chain in the compound has a repetitive sequence of 12-nuclear corner-sharing tetrahedras. The compound was synthesized at 160 C for 3 days in the steel reaction autoclaves which have PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) cups in them.By the reaction of the reactants NH4VO3, Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, H3BO3 with H2O the orange crystals of NH4(V3O8) and the green unknown crystals were obtained at 160 C in 3 days..By the reaction of the reactants NaVO3, Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, H3BO3, NH2CH2CH2NH2, with the solvents H3PO4 and H2O the green bulk unknown crystals were obtained at 160 C in 3 days.the reaction of the reactants B4K2O7.H2O, KVO3 with H2O and NH2CH2CH2NH2 brown unknown crystals were obtained at 170 C in 5 days.We have also done some crystal growth studies in our laboratory. There are several known compounds as CoV2O6(H2O)2, Co(VO)2(PO4)2(H2O)4, which were also synthesized in our laboratory with good yields. These crystals were synthesized with other methods and characterized. However we were able to grow their crystals in good shape and size by using hydrothermal method. CoV2O6(H2O)2 was obtained from the reaction of NH4VO3, Co(NO3)2.6H2O and H3BO3. The compound crystallizes in the space group Pnma (62) of the orthorhombic system in a cell of dimensions, a = 5.572 A,b = 10.70 A, c = 11.860 A, alpha = Beta = y = 90 , V = 707.69 A3. CoV2O6(H2O)2 was prepared in a steel autoclave by using ultra pure water as the solvent and heated at 160 C for 3 days. Red prism shaped crystals of the reported materials were obtained with the orange plates in a red-orange crystalline powder. The single crystal XRD results showed that the orange plates have the formula of NH4(V3O8) which crystallizes in the space group P21/m (11) of the monoclinic system in a cell of dimensions a = 4.999 A, b = 8.423 A, c = 7.849 A, B = 96.426 , V = 328.44 A3. It has been shown that CoV2O6(H2O)2 compound can also be synthesized by the reaction of NaVO3, GeO2, H3BO3, CoCl2.6H2O with H2O as the solvent.The green crystals of the compound Co(VO)2(PO4)2(H2O)4 were synthesized from the reaction of V2O5, H2C2O4.2H2O, CoCl2.6H2O with the solvents H3PO4 and H2O at 160 0C for 3 days. The compound crystallizes in the space group I4/mmm (139) of the tetragonal system in a cell of dimensions a = 6.264 A, c = 13.428 A, alpha = B = y = 90 , V = 526.88 A3.
Author: Riadh Marzouki Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 1838802231 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 138
Book Description
New crystalline materials (organic, inorganic, hybrid) are promising for various applications, including electrical, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, magnetic, and catalytic processes. In addition, given their remarkable structural richness, these materials exhibit several interesting physical properties, such as ionic conduction, ion exchange, and others. Crystal growth, morphology, and grain size are factors influencing these physical properties. This book examines methods of synthesis of the most common crystalline materials and describes nucleation and crystal growth of various materials.
Author: Marcello Andreeta Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9535107577 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 582
Book Description
Crystallization is one of the most ancient and interdisciplinary topics of research known to mankind. Crystals can be organic or inorganic and may be produced from melts, liquid solutions, vapors or even in solid state. Notwithstanding its inherently high complexity, the crystallization process is part of our everyday lives, from ice making in our homes to the most state-of-the-art chemical and electronic industry. In this book, our purpose was to present new insights to the reader, as well as crucial and very useful information for researchers working in this field, while simultaneously creating a comprehensive text about crystallization processes which may serve as a starting point for people with different backgrounds.
Author: Likun Pan Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9535122452 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 652
Book Description
The book summarizes the current state of the know-how in the field of perovskite materials: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications. Most chapters include a review on the actual knowledge and cutting-edge research results. Thus, this book is an essential source of reference for scientists with research fields in energy, physics, chemistry and materials. It is also a suitable reading material for graduate students.
Author: K. Byrappa
Author: K. Byrappa
Author: A. N. Lobachev
Author: A. N. Lobachev
Author: Ferdinand Andrew Ruszala
Author: C.J.M. Rooijmans
Author: Bahar Özmen
Author: Riadh Marzouki
Author: Marcello Andreeta
Author: A. N. Lobačev
Author: Likun Pan