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Author: C.H. Wu Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401143315 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 351
Book Description
One of the most important issues in the construction of future magnetic confinement fusion machines is that of the materials of which they are constructed, and one of the key points of proper material choice is the recycle of hydrogen isotopes with materials at the plasma face. Tritium machines demand high safety and economy, which in turn requires the lowest possible T inventory and smallest possible permeation through the plasma facing materials. The recycle behaviour of the in-vessel components must also be known if the plasma reaction is to predictable and controllable, and finally, the fuel cycle and plasma operating regimes may be actively controlled by special materials and methods. The book discusses both laboratory experiments exploring the basic properties of non-equilibrium hydrogen-solid systems (diffusion, absorption, boundary processes) and experimental results obtained from existing fusion machines under conditions simulating future situations to some extent. Contributions are from experts in the fields of nuclear fusion, materials science, surface science, vacuum science and technology, and solid state physics.
Author: C.H. Wu Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401143315 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 351
Book Description
One of the most important issues in the construction of future magnetic confinement fusion machines is that of the materials of which they are constructed, and one of the key points of proper material choice is the recycle of hydrogen isotopes with materials at the plasma face. Tritium machines demand high safety and economy, which in turn requires the lowest possible T inventory and smallest possible permeation through the plasma facing materials. The recycle behaviour of the in-vessel components must also be known if the plasma reaction is to predictable and controllable, and finally, the fuel cycle and plasma operating regimes may be actively controlled by special materials and methods. The book discusses both laboratory experiments exploring the basic properties of non-equilibrium hydrogen-solid systems (diffusion, absorption, boundary processes) and experimental results obtained from existing fusion machines under conditions simulating future situations to some extent. Contributions are from experts in the fields of nuclear fusion, materials science, surface science, vacuum science and technology, and solid state physics.
Author: Ahmed Hassanein Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401004447 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 237
Book Description
A compendium representing the current state of the art in the modelling, simulation and physics of the interaction of hydrogen and helium with plasma facing materials in fusion reactors. This is the topic that will determine the success of the production of energy by future Tokamak reactors and it is here discussed by the world's experts. Topics covered are recycling of hydrogen isotopes; wall fuelling and wall pumping; active control of hydrogen recycling; hydrogen and helium behaviour in solids and liquid metals; and databases for recycling.
Author: Tetsuo Tanabe Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811603286 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 209
Book Description
This book is a primer on the interplay between plasma and materials in a fusion reactor, so-called plasma–materials interactions (PMIs), highlighting materials and their influence on plasma through PMI. It aims to demonstrate that a plasma-facing surface (PFS) responds actively to fusion plasma and that the clarifying nature of PFS is indispensable to understanding the influence of PFS on plasma. It describes the modern insight into PMI, namely, relevant feedback to plasma performance from plasma-facing material (PFM) on changes in a material surface by plasma power load by radiation and particles, contrary to a conventional view that unilateral influence from plasma on PFM is dominant in PMI. There are many books and reviews on PMI in the context of plasma physics, that is, how plasma or plasma confinement works in PMI. By contrast, this book features a materials aspect in PMI focusing on changes caused by heat and particle load from plasma: how PFMs are changed by plasma exposure and then, accordingly, how the changed PFM interacts with plasma.
Author: Tetsuo Tanabe Publisher: Springer ISBN: 4431564608 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 365
Book Description
This book focuses on tritium as a fuel for fusion reactors and a next-generation energy source. Following an introduction of tritium as a hydrogen radioisotope, important issues involved in establishing safe and economical tritium fuel cycles including breeding for a fusion reactor are summarized; these include the handling of large amounts of tritium: confinement, leakage, contamination, permeation, regulation and tritium accountancy, and impacts on surrounding areas. Targeting and encouraging the students and technicians who will design and operate fusion reactors in the near future, this book offers a valuable resource on tritium science and technology.
Author: Anthony F. Sammells Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527608583 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 291
Book Description
This reference book addresses the evolution of materials for both oxygen and hydrogen transport membranes and offers strategies for their fabrication as well as their subsequent incorporation into catalytic membrane reactors. Other chapters deal with, e.g., engineering design and scale-up issues, strategies for preparation of supported thin-film membranes, or interfacial kinetic and mass transfer issues. A must for materials scientists, chemists, chemical engineers and electrochemists interested in advanced chemical processing.
Author: Robert E. H. Clark Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 354027362X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 467
Book Description
It became clear in the early days of fusion research that the effects of the containment vessel (erosion of "impurities") degrade the overall fusion plasma performance. Progress in controlled nuclear fusion research over the last decade has led to magnetically confined plasmas that, in turn, are sufficiently powerful to damage the vessel structures over its lifetime. This book reviews current understanding and concepts to deal with this remaining critical design issue for fusion reactors. It reviews both progress and open questions, largely in terms of available and sought-after plasma-surface interaction data and atomic/molecular data related to these "plasma edge" issues.
Author: Akira Kohyama Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118406028 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
This transactions volume contains 33 papers from the CREST International Symposium on SiC/SiC Composite Materials Research and Development and Its Application to Advanced Energy Systems held May 20-22, 2002 in Kyoto, Japan. Chapters include Processing for SiC/SiC Composites; Processing for SiC/SiC Composite Constituent; Characterization of Thermomechanical Performance; and Joining Technologies for Advanced Energy Applications. 373 pages.
Author: Jérom̂e Guterl Publisher: ISBN: 9781321870558 Category : Languages : en Pages : 119
Book Description
Plasma-material interactions might strongly affect plasma performances and life-time of future magnetic fusion devices. For example, retention and recycling of hydrogen isotopes in plasma-facing components (PFC) may lead to dynamics plasma-material interactions and significant accumulation of tritium in material. Understanding the multifaceted physics of hydrogen retention in PFC is thus crucial, but remains challenging due to the wide spectrum of retention processes on PFC surface (erosion, co-deposition, etc.) and in PFC bulk (trap sites, bubbles, etc.) induced by long-time exposure of PFC to high flux of energy and particles. In this context, we revisit in this work some aspects of the reaction-diffusion models used to describe retention of hydrogen implanted in material in fusion relevant. We first focus on the analysis of thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) experiments, showing that the evolution of hydrogen concentration in material during TDS experiments is usually quasi-static. An analytic description of thermal desorption spectra (TDSP) is then obtained in quasi-static regime and is used to highlight dependencies of TDSP on hydrogen retention parameters. The interpretation of Arrhenius plots to characterize hydrogen retention processes is then revisited. Moreover, it is shown that retention processes can be characterized using the shape of desorption peaks in TDSP, and that long desorption tails in TDSP can be used to estimate activation energy of diffusion of hydrogen in PFC. Hydrogen retention induced by a large number of different types of traps is examined next. A reaction-diffusion model of TDSP with a large number of types of traps is presented for the first time. The application of this model is illustrated on several experimental TDSP available in literature, which are consistently reproduced using several types of traps with a unique broad spectrum of detrapping energies. The values of these detrapping energies are shown to be in agreement with values predicted by density functional theory simulations when several hydrogen atoms are trapped in one material vacancy. Effects of surface processes on hydrogen retention and recycling are investigated in the second part. First, long-term outgassing of hydrogen from PFC during off-plasma events is considered. The super-diffusive power-law decay in time of the hydrogen outgassing flux is modeled with a revisited single trap reaction-diffusion model, showing that hydrogen outgassing is either surface-limited or diffusion-limited. The outgassing regime is shown to be governed either by processes in the bulk or on the surface of material. The influence of hydrogen concentration profiles in material on the power-law exponents is analyzed as well. Finally, the different models proposed in the literature to describe power-law decays of hydrogen outgassing flux experimentally observed during off-plasma events are reconciled. Hydrogen recombination and desorption on tungsten surface is investigated next using molecular dynamics (MD) and accelerated molecular dynamics simulations. Adsorption states, diffusion, hydrogen recombination into molecules, and clustering of hydrogen on tungsten surfaces are analyzed. It is shown that tungsten hydrogen interatomic potential, available in literature and used in MD simulations, cannot reproduce main features of hydrogen molecular recombination on tungsten surface. Hydrogen clustering on tungsten surface is nevertheless observed during MD simulations. Effects of hydrogen clustering on hydrogen desorption are thus analyzed by introducing a kinetic model describing the competition between surface diffusion, clustering and recombination. Different desorption regimes are identified, which reproduce some aspects of desorption regimes experimentally observed when tungsten surface is saturated with hydrogen.
Author: C.H. Wu
Author: C.H. Wu
Author: Ahmed Hassanein
Author: ![Proceedings of the International Workshop on Hydrogen Recycle at Plasma Facing Materiails [i.e. Materials] ; Tokyo, Japan, October 15 - 16, 1998 PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/OB22tgAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: International Workshop on Hydrogen Recycle at Plasma Facing Materials
Author: Tetsuo Tanabe
Author: Tetsuo Tanabe
Author: Anthony F. Sammells
Author: Robert E. H. Clark
Author: Akira Kohyama
Author: Jérom̂e Guterl