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Author: Mark Pierre Dries Publisher: ISBN: 9780438290884 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This dissertation examines the social history of the mercury mining center of Huancavelica, Peru between 1560 and 1600. As the only American source of the mercury required to efficiently refine silver in the great Andean silver mines of Potosí, Huancavelica occupied an important economic place in the colonial project. As the destination of thousands of indigenous Andeans conscripted for labor in the toxic conditions, Huancavelica became an important symbol of the abuses of the Spanish Empire for colonial critics and modern historians alike. Nevertheless, scholars know very little about the lived experience of colonial subjects, both Andean and Spanish, in and around the mines. Drawing on archives in Huancavelica, as well as those in Lima and Seville, I argue that local interests, particularly the local Andean population, played a vital role in shaping and circumscribing the exercise of colonial power in the mines. Local Andeans played a central role, forming partnerships with early European miners and becoming miners themselves. For incoming Spaniards, forming connections to the local indigenous communities proved essential to securing labor and goods. With the Toledan reforms in the 1570s, which reinforced the social boundaries between Spanish and indigenous, these relationships took new forms. Andean elites, gradually pushed out of mining, adapted tactics from Spanish legal culture to claim patronage from the Crown for their previous service. Spanish actors, on the other hand, became adept at manipulating colonial authorities, often using them to challenge local rivals, but limiting their ability to effectivly control the mining center. Keywords: Mercury, Spanish Empire, Viceroyalty of Peru, Mining, Huancavelica, Mita
Author: Mark Pierre Dries Publisher: ISBN: 9780438290884 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This dissertation examines the social history of the mercury mining center of Huancavelica, Peru between 1560 and 1600. As the only American source of the mercury required to efficiently refine silver in the great Andean silver mines of Potosí, Huancavelica occupied an important economic place in the colonial project. As the destination of thousands of indigenous Andeans conscripted for labor in the toxic conditions, Huancavelica became an important symbol of the abuses of the Spanish Empire for colonial critics and modern historians alike. Nevertheless, scholars know very little about the lived experience of colonial subjects, both Andean and Spanish, in and around the mines. Drawing on archives in Huancavelica, as well as those in Lima and Seville, I argue that local interests, particularly the local Andean population, played a vital role in shaping and circumscribing the exercise of colonial power in the mines. Local Andeans played a central role, forming partnerships with early European miners and becoming miners themselves. For incoming Spaniards, forming connections to the local indigenous communities proved essential to securing labor and goods. With the Toledan reforms in the 1570s, which reinforced the social boundaries between Spanish and indigenous, these relationships took new forms. Andean elites, gradually pushed out of mining, adapted tactics from Spanish legal culture to claim patronage from the Crown for their previous service. Spanish actors, on the other hand, became adept at manipulating colonial authorities, often using them to challenge local rivals, but limiting their ability to effectivly control the mining center. Keywords: Mercury, Spanish Empire, Viceroyalty of Peru, Mining, Huancavelica, Mita
Author: Nicholas A. Robins Publisher: BRILL ISBN: 9004691863 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
This is the first work exploring the colonial roots, modern context, trajectory and legacy of the Shining Path insurgency in the region of Huancavelica, Peru, one of Peru’s most impoverished and Quechua-speaking regions. The use of terroristic violence to implement a revolutionary and exclusivist ideology was without precedent in Latin America, presaging later movements such as ISIS. Integrating interviews, testimonials, survey data and the vast primary and secondary literature on the insurgency, this work examines how Huancavelican communities experienced and continue to shoulder the consequences of an exterminatory conflict thirty years after the insurgency was largely, although not entirely, defeated.
Author: Nicholas A. Robins Publisher: U of Nebraska Press ISBN: 1496221419 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 414
Book Description
The natural wealth of the Amazon and Andes has long attracted fortune seekers, from explorers, farmers, and gold panners to multimillion-dollar mining, oil and gas, and timber operations. Modern demands for commodities have given rise to new development schemes, including hydroelectric dams, open cast mines, and industrial agricultural operations. The history of human habitation in this region is intimately tied to its rich biodiversity, and the Amazon basin is home to scores of indigenous groups, many of whom have populations so small that their cultural and physical survival is endangered. Landscapes of Inequity explores the debate over rights to and use of resources and addresses fundamental questions that inform the debate in the western Amazon basin, from the Andes Mountains to the tropical lowlands. Beginning with an examination of the divergent conceptual interpretations of environmental justice, the volume explores the issue from two interlocking perspectives: of indigenous peoples and of economic development in a global economy. The volume concludes by examining the efficacy of laws and policies concerning the environment in the region, the viability and range of judicial recourse, and future directions in the field of environmental justice.
Author: Nicholas A. Robins Publisher: BRILL ISBN: 9004343792 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 241
Book Description
In Santa Bárbara’s Legacy: An Environmental History of Huancavelica, Peru, Nicholas A. Robins presents the first comprehensive environmental history of a mercury producing region in Latin America. Tracing the origins, rise and decline of the regional population and economy from pre-history to the present, Robins explores how people’s multifaceted, intimate and often toxic relationship with their environment has resulted in Huancavelica being among the most mercury-contaminated urban areas on earth. The narrative highlights issues of environmental justice and the toxic burdens that contemporary residents confront, especially many of those who live in adobe homes and are exposed to mercury, as well as lead and arsenic, on a daily basis. The work incorporates archival and printed primary sources as well as scientific research led by the author.
Author: James Mahoney Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139483889 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In this comparative-historical analysis of Spanish America, Mahoney offers a new theory of colonialism and postcolonial development. He explores why certain kinds of societies are subject to certain kinds of colonialism and why these forms of colonialism give rise to countries with differing levels of economic prosperity and social well-being. Mahoney contends that differences in the extent of colonialism are best explained by the potentially evolving fit between the institutions of the colonizing nation and those of the colonized society. Moreover, he shows how institutions forged under colonialism bring countries to relative levels of development that may prove remarkably enduring in the postcolonial period. The argument is sure to stir discussion and debate, both among experts on Spanish America who believe that development is not tightly bound by the colonial past, and among scholars of colonialism who suggest that the institutional identity of the colonizing nation is of little consequence.
Author: Nicholas A. Robins Publisher: Indiana University Press ISBN: 0253005388 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
On the basis of an examination of the colonial mercury and silver production processes and related labor systems, Mercury, Mining, and Empire explores the effects of mercury pollution in colonial Huancavelica, Peru, and Potosí, in present-day Bolivia. The book presents a multifaceted and interwoven tale of what colonial exploitation of indigenous peoples and resources left in its wake. It is a socio-ecological history that explores the toxic interrelationships between mercury and silver production, urban environments, and the people who lived and worked in them. Nicholas A. Robins tells the story of how native peoples in the region were conscripted into the noxious ranks of foot soldiers of proto-globalism, and how their fate, and that of their communities, was—and still is—chained to it.
Author: Karen Spalding Publisher: Stanford University Press ISBN: 9780804715164 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 384
Book Description
This is the first attempt at synthesis of the varied dataethnographic, historical, archaeological, and archivalon the impact of the Spanish conquest and Spanish rule on Indian society in Peru. Although the Huarochirí region is a source of most of the case histories and illustrative material, this is not a narrow regional study but a major work illuminating one of the two centers, along with Mexico, of settled Indian civilization and Spanish occupation in America. The author delineates the basic relationships upon which local Andean society was based, notably the kinship relations that, under the Incas, made possible the production of great surpluses and their efficient distribution in a region where markets were totally unknown. She then traces the impact of the Spanish colonial system upon Andean society, examining how the Indians responded to or resisted the political structures imposed upon them, and how they dealt with, were exploited by, or benefited from the Europeans who occupied their land and made it their own. This is the story of a social relationshipa relationship of inequality and oppressionthat endured for centuries of Spanish rule, and inevitably led to the collapse of Andean society.
Author: John R. Fisher Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN: 1474241182 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 322
Book Description
This study of the structure of government and society in late colonial Peru is based upon detailed examination of the operation of the viceroyalty of the system of administration by intendants, partly in response to the demands for better provincial government expressed by the Túpac Amaru rebellion. Fisher examines relations between the intendants and other groups of administrators, and brings out the revolutionary implications of their attempts to stimulate municipal life and government and assesses Peru's increasing political and administrative instability upon the application of the viceroyalty of the Constitution of Cádiz.
Author: Alfonso W. Quiroz Publisher: Woodrow Wilson Center Press ISBN: 9780801891281 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 556
Book Description
The pervasiveness of corruption has been aided by the readiness of both Peruvians and the international community to turn a blind eye.
Author: Mark Pierre Dries
Author: Mark Pierre Dries
Author: Arthur Preston Whitaker
Author: Nicholas A. Robins
Author: Nicholas A. Robins
Author: Nicholas A. Robins
Author: James Mahoney
Author: Nicholas A. Robins
Author: Karen Spalding
Author: John R. Fisher
Author: Alfonso W. Quiroz