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Author: Stefano Paternostro Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Absolute Poverty Languages : en Pages : 39
Book Description
Abstract: Public spending has effects which are complex to trace and difficult to quantify. But the composition of public expenditure has become the key instrument by which development agencies seek to promote economic development. In recent years, the development assistance to heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) has been made conditional on increased expenditure on categories that are thought to be "pro-poor". This paper responds to the growing concern being expressed about the conceptual foundations and the empirical basis for the belief that poverty can be reduced through targeted public spending. While it is widely accepted that growth and redistribution are important sources of reduction in absolute poverty, a review of the literature confirms the lack of an appropriate theoretical framework for assessing the impact of public spending on growth as well as poverty. There is a need to combine principles of both public economics and growth theory to develop appropriate theoretical guidance for public expenditure policy. This paper identifies a number of approaches that are beginning to address this gap. Building on these approaches, it proposes a framework that has its foundation in a broadly articulated development strategy and its economic goals such as growth, equity, and poverty reduction. It recommends the use of public economics principles to clarify the roles of the private and public sectors and to recognize the complementarity of spending, taxation, and regulatory instruments available to affect public policy. With regard to the impact of any given type of public spending, policy recommendations must be tailored to countries and be based on empirical analysis that takes account of the lags and leads in their effects on equity and growth and ultimately on poverty. The paper sketches out such a framework as the first step in what will have to be a longer-term research agenda to provide theoretically and empirically robust and verifiable guidance to public spending policy.
Author: Stefano Paternostro Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Absolute Poverty Languages : en Pages : 39
Book Description
Abstract: Public spending has effects which are complex to trace and difficult to quantify. But the composition of public expenditure has become the key instrument by which development agencies seek to promote economic development. In recent years, the development assistance to heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) has been made conditional on increased expenditure on categories that are thought to be "pro-poor". This paper responds to the growing concern being expressed about the conceptual foundations and the empirical basis for the belief that poverty can be reduced through targeted public spending. While it is widely accepted that growth and redistribution are important sources of reduction in absolute poverty, a review of the literature confirms the lack of an appropriate theoretical framework for assessing the impact of public spending on growth as well as poverty. There is a need to combine principles of both public economics and growth theory to develop appropriate theoretical guidance for public expenditure policy. This paper identifies a number of approaches that are beginning to address this gap. Building on these approaches, it proposes a framework that has its foundation in a broadly articulated development strategy and its economic goals such as growth, equity, and poverty reduction. It recommends the use of public economics principles to clarify the roles of the private and public sectors and to recognize the complementarity of spending, taxation, and regulatory instruments available to affect public policy. With regard to the impact of any given type of public spending, policy recommendations must be tailored to countries and be based on empirical analysis that takes account of the lags and leads in their effects on equity and growth and ultimately on poverty. The paper sketches out such a framework as the first step in what will have to be a longer-term research agenda to provide theoretically and empirically robust and verifiable guidance to public spending policy.
Author: Stefano Paternostro Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Public spending has effects which are complex to trace and difficult to quantify. But the composition of public expenditure has become the key instrument by which development agencies seek to promote economic development. In recent years, the development assistance to heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) has been made conditional on increased expenditure on categories that are thought to be "pro-poor". This paper responds to the growing concern being expressed about the conceptual foundations and the empirical basis for the belief that poverty can be reduced through targeted public spending. While it is widely accepted that growth and redistribution are important sources of reduction in absolute poverty, a review of the literature confirms the lack of an appropriate theoretical framework for assessing the impact of public spending on growth as well as poverty. There is a need to combine principles of both public economics and growth theory to develop appropriate theoretical guidance for public expenditure policy. This paper identifies a number of approaches that are beginning to address this gap. Building on these approaches, it proposes a framework that has its foundation in a broadly articulated development strategy and its economic goals such as growth, equity, and poverty reduction. It recommends the use of public economics principles to clarify the roles of the private and public sectors and to recognize the complementarity of spending, taxation, and regulatory instruments available to affect public policy. With regard to the impact of any given type of public spending, policy recommendations must be tailored to countries and be based on empirical analysis that takes account of the lags and leads in their effects on equity and growth and ultimately on poverty. The paper sketches out such a framework as the first step in what will have to be a longer-term research agenda to provide theoretically and empirically robust and verifiable guidance to public spending policy.
Author: Valery Awuh Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Abstract: In the past, a lot of studies put more emphasis on the aggregate government expenditure as the primary driver of social and economic growth which is in the short term. The studies did not capture expenditures on infrastructure, education, and defense which are the disaggregate government expenditure that sustains both social and economic growth in the long term. The objective of this study is to determine how the demand and supply side of government expenditure can impact on social and economic growth using 45 both advanced and emerging countries. It also wants to establish the expenses that have a long-term effect on growth using balance panel dataset and estimate the relationship between the expenditures in different sectors. We use OLS model to evaluate the impact. The main result is that: when we consider a panel set using fixed effect on the leading indicators of economic growth, that the supply side of public spending on infrastructure, education, transport, communication, agriculture, etc. increases production and economic growth in the sampled countries. Besides, we used data from 1995-2015, and the finding will help us to understand the long-term effect of government expenditure that enhances production and growth while controlling for the demand side.
Author: Norman Gemmell Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"We examine the long-run GDP impacts of changes in total government expenditure and in the shares of different spending categories for a sample of OECD countries since the 1970s, taking account of methods of financing expenditure changes and possible endogenous relationships. We provide more systematic empirical evidence than available hitherto for OECD countries. Our results provide strong evidence that reallocating total spending towards infrastructure and education would be positive for long-run income levels. Increasing the share of social welfare spending (and away from all others pro-rata) may be associated with, at most, modestly lower long-run GDP levels. Keywords: government expenditure composition, fiscal policy, GDP"--Page 1.
Author: Djeneba Doumbia Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1513514938 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 51
Book Description
Can a government reduce income inequality by changing the composition of public spending while keeping the total level of expenditure fixed? Using newly assembled data on spending composition for 83 countries across all income groups, this paper shows that reallocating spending toward social protection and infrastructure is associated with reduced income inequality, particularly when it is financed through cuts in defense spending. However, the political and security situation matters. The analysis does not find evidence that lowering defense spending to finance infrastructure and social outlays improves income distribution in countries with weak institutions and at higher risk of conflict. Reallocating social protection and infrastructure spending towards other types of spending tends to increase income inequality. Accounting for the long-term impact of health spending, and particularly education spending, helps to better capture the equalizing effects of these expenditures. The paper includes a discussion of the implications of the findings for Indonesia, a major emerging market where income inequality is at the center of policy issues.
Author: Mr.Jack Diamond Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 9781557757876 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 84
Book Description
Traditionally, economics training in public finances has focused more on tax than public expenditure issues, and within expenditure, more on policy considerations than the more mundane matters of public expenditure management. For many years, the IMF's Public Expenditure Management Division has answered specific questions raised by fiscal economists on such missions. Based on this experience, these guidelines arose from the need to provide a general overview of the principles and practices observed in three key aspects of public expenditure management: budget preparation, budget execution, and cash planning. For each aspect of public expenditure management, the guidelines identify separately the differing practices in four groups of countries - the francophone systems, the Commonwealth systems, Latin America, and those in the transition economies. Edited by Barry H. Potter and Jack Diamond, this publication is intended for a general fiscal, or a general budget, advisor interested in the macroeconomic dimension of public expenditure management.
Author: Alan T. Peacock Publisher: Ashgate Publishing ISBN: 9780751202564 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 213
Book Description
This work examines public expenditure, explaining the size and the structure of the system of public finance. Suitable for use as a course text, it can function as a point of departure for empirical and analytical studies on the behaviour of governments.
Author: Sanjay Pradhan Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 162
Book Description
This paper presents a framework for evaluating the level and composition of public expenditures, illustrated by sectoral and country examples. The paper illustrates how this framework can be applied to analyzing broad allocations of spending within and across sectors, drawing upon some key findings and country examples from major sectors (health, education, infrastructure). The report emphasizes six elements which should be an integral part of an ongoing exercise to evaluate public spending. Those elements include: (1) the aggregate level of public spending and deficit of the consolidated public sector must be consistent with the macroeconomic framework; (2) aggregate spending should be allocated to programs within and across sectors to maximize social welfare, including the impact on the poor; (3) the role of the government versus the private sector ought to be a principal criterion governing the choice of programs for public financing and provision--public expenditures should complement rather than substitute for private sector activities; (4) the impact of key programs on the poor, including their incidence and total costs, should be analyzed; (5) the input mix, or the allocations for capital and recurrent expenditures, should be analyzed in an integrated manner within programs and sectors; and (6) budgetary institutions should be analyzed to insure that the underlying incentive structure contributes to aggregate fiscal discipline, allocative efficiency and equity in the composition of spending, and technical efficiency in the use of budgeted resources. Fifteen tables (out of 49) and 5 appendices (out of 17) deal with education-related data. The paper should be useful to policymakers in developing countries, staff in donor organizations, as well as researchers working on public expenditure issues. (Author/EH).
Author: Mr.Paolo Mauro Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1451852096 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 28
Book Description
This paper discusses the possible causes and consequences of corruption. It provides a synthetic review of recent studies that analyze this phenomenon empirically. In addition, it presents further results on the effects of corruption on growth and investment, and new cross-country evidence on the link between corruption and the composition of government expenditure.
Author: Nihal Bayraktar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 51
Book Description
Although many studies indicate that both the level and composition of public spending are significant for economic growth, the results in the empirical literature are still mixed. This paper studies the importance of country sample selection and expenditure classification in explaining these conflicting results. It investigates a set of fast-growing countries versus a mix of countries with different growth patterns. The regression specifications include different components of public expenditure and total fiscal revenues, always considering the overall government budget constraint. Total public spending is first disaggregated using a definition that classifies public spending as productive versus unproductive components, an a priori criterion that is based on the expected impact of public spending items on the private sector production function. After empirically confirming the validity of this definition in the panel analysis, the authors suggest and test an alternative definition of "core" public spending that may be more appropriate for developing countries. The empirical analysis shows that the link between growth and public spending, especially the productive and "core" components, is strong only for the fast-growing group. In addition, macroeconomic stability, openness, and private sector investment are significant in the fast-growing group, which points to the existence of an economic policy environment more conducive to growth in the first group of countries. The authors conclude that public spending can be a significant determinant of growth for countries that are capable of using funds for productive purposes.
Author: Stefano Paternostro
Author: Stefano Paternostro
Author: Stefano Paternostro
Author: Valery Awuh
Author: Norman Gemmell
Author: Djeneba Doumbia
Author: Mr.Jack Diamond
Author: Alan T. Peacock
Author: Sanjay Pradhan
Author: Mr.Paolo Mauro
Author: Nihal Bayraktar