Historical Aspects of Fluoridation in Our Community PDF Download

Author: Leonard F. Menczer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 23

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Author: American Dental Association
Publisher: American Dental Association
ISBN: 1684470064
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 233

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All-in-one resource in for everything related to fluoridated water, from its impact on dental health to its safety and cost-effectiveness. Dispelling common myths that fluoridation is dangerous, this book provides science-backed information based on the most current research in Q&A format. This is the most in-depth and up-to-date educational resource available regarding fluoridated water, from the American Dental Association.

Author: R. Allan Freeze
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470448334
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 404

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A lively account of fluoridation and its discontents Since its first implementation in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1945, public drinking water fluoridation and its attendant conflicts, controversies, and conspiracy theories serve as an object lesson in American science, public health, and policymaking. In addition to the arguments on the issue still raging today, the tale of fluoridation and its discontents also resonates with such present concerns as genetically modified foods, global warming response, nuclear power, and environmental regulation. Offering the best current thinking on the issue, The Fluoride Wars presents a witty and detailed social history of the fluoridation debate in America, illuminating the intersection of science and politics in our recent past. This reader-friendly assessment explores the pro- and anti-fluoridation movements, key players, and important events. Full of amusing and vivid anecdotes and examples, this accessible recounting includes: A careful and non-condescending look at the hard science, popular science, pseudo-science, and junk science involved A look at fluoride issues including dosage, cost, financial and funding interests, fluorosis, and problems of risk-cost-benefit analysis The back-and-forth drama between pro- and anti-fluoridation factions, with all its claims, counterclaims, insults, acrimony, and lawsuits Case studies of various cities and their experiences with municipal water fluoridation initiatives Fluorophobia and popular conspiracy theories involving fluoride The colorful characters in the debate including activists, scientists, magicians, and politicians A richly and considerately told tale of American science and public life, The Fluoride Wars offers an engrossing history to both interested general readers and specialists in public health, dentistry, policymaking, and related fields.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030910128X
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 531

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Most people associate fluoride with the practice of intentionally adding fluoride to public drinking water supplies for the prevention of tooth decay. However, fluoride can also enter public water systems from natural sources, including runoff from the weathering of fluoride-containing rocks and soils and leaching from soil into groundwater. Fluoride pollution from various industrial emissions can also contaminate water supplies. In a few areas of the United States fluoride concentrations in water are much higher than normal, mostly from natural sources. Fluoride is one of the drinking water contaminants regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) because it can occur at these toxic levels. In 1986, the EPA established a maximum allowable concentration for fluoride in drinking water of 4 milligrams per liter, a guideline designed to prevent the public from being exposed to harmful levels of fluoride. Fluoride in Drinking Water reviews research on various health effects from exposure to fluoride, including studies conducted in the last 10 years.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dental caries
Languages : en
Pages : 37

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This thesis explores different viewpoints on the history of community water fluoridation and reflects on the arguments made by the pro- and anti-fluoridationists in the United States. Community water fluoridation has been controversial in the United States since it was first proposed in 1945. Since then, fluoridation has been a major factor in reducing the prevalence and severity of dental cavities in the United States (U.S.). Fluoride safely and effectively prevents dental cavities and is available from multiple sources. Community water fluoridation is one of these sources, providing fluoride to all people regardless of their position within the community. Even so, community water fluoridation has not been universally implemented despite efforts by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Dental Association (ADA) to support and promote it. Fluoridation has been declared one of the ten greatest public health achievements of the 20th century (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). In this study, I will review the literature on the history of community water fluoridation, comprised by scientific studies on its benefits and disadvantages. I will examine how the controversy surrounding this issue began, and how the anti-fluoridationists' arguments have continued to influence some communities to vote against fluoridation. Finally, I will attempt to draw a conclusion as to why community water fluoridation has not been implemented in all cities, despite its overall health benefits.

Author: Paul H. Connett
Publisher: Chelsea Green Publishing
ISBN: 1603582878
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 394

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In the case of water fluoridation, the chemicals used to fluoridate the water that more than 180 million people drink each day are not pharmaceutical grade, but rather hazardous waste products of the phosphate fertilizer industry; it is illegal to dump them into rivers and lakes or release them into the atmosphere. And water fluoridation is a prime example of one of the worst medical practices possible-forced medication with no control over the dose or who gets it. Perhaps most shocking of all, it is not subject to any federal regulation. At once painstakingly-documented and also highly-readable, The Case Against Fluoride brings new research to light, including links between fluoride and harm to the brain, bones, and kidneys, and argues that while there is possible value in topical applications like brushing your teeth with fluoride toothpaste, the evidence that swallowing fluoride reduces tooth decay is surprisingly weak.

Author: Illinois. Dept. of Public Health. Bureau of Dental Health
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Flourides
Languages : en
Pages : 42

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Author: Alain Tressaud
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080558119
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 821

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Fluorine and Health presents a critical multidisciplinary overview on the contribution of fluorinated compounds to resolve the important global issue of medicinal monitoring and health care. The involved subjects are organized in three thematic parts devoted to Molecular Imaging, Biomedical Materials and Pharmaceuticals. Initially the key-position of partially fluorinated low molecular weight compounds labelled either with the natural 19F-isotope for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or labelled with the radioactive [18F]-isotope for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is highlighted. Both non-invasive methods belong to the most challenging in vivo imaging techniques in oncology, neurology and in cardiology for the diagnosis of diseases having the highest mortality in the industrialized countries. The manifold facets of fluorinated biomaterials range from inorganic ceramics to perfluorinated organic molecules. Liquid perfluorocarbons are suitable for oxygen transport and as potential respiratory gas carriers, while fluorinated polymers are connected to the pathology of blood vessels. Another important issue concerns the application of highly fluorinated liquids in ophthalmology. Moreover, fluorine is an essential trace element in bone mineral, dentine and tooth enamel and is applied for the prophylaxis and treatment of dental caries. The various origins of human exposure to fluoride species is detailed to promote a better understanding of the effect of fluoride species on living organisms.Medicinally relevant fluorinated molecules and their interactions with native proteins are the main focus of the third part. New molecules fluorinated in strategic position are crucial for the development of pharmaceuticals with desired action and optimal pharmacological profile. Among the hundreds of marketed active drug components there are more than 150 fluorinated compounds. The chapters will illustrate how the presence of fluorine atoms alters properties of bioactive compounds at various biochemical steps, and possibly facilitate its emergence as pharmaceuticals. Finally the synthetic potential of a fluorinase, the first C-F bond forming enzyme, is summarized. - New approach of topics involving chemistry, biology and medicinal techniques - Transdisciplinar papers on fluoride products - Importance of fluoride products in health - Updated data on specific topics

Author: Barry Groves
Publisher: Gill & Macmillan Ltd
ISBN: 0717163776
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 217

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Fluoride is more toxic than lead, yet it is routinely added to the drinking water of Ireland and Britain. In Fluoride: Drinking Ourselves to Death?, Barry Groves presents an array of convincing and persuasive arguments that dismantle the commonly held belief that the fluoridation of water is beneficial to our health. The fluoridation of water has been used for the prevention of tooth decay for over fifty years. During this time little research has been done to ascertain whether it works. The chemicals used are classified as toxic industrial waste, yet no study has ever been conducted into their safety for human consumption. At the same time, research has uncovered serious side effects including death, cancer, skeletal fluorosis, osteoporosis, dementia, lowered IQ, kidney damage and even increased dental decay. Fluoride is only slightly less toxic than arsenic and all the evidence points incontrovertibly to the harm caused by fluoride to human, plant and animal life. Yet it is routinely added to the drinking water of five million people in Britain and more than two and a half million people in Ireland. Strongly opposed throughout the world, water fluoridation is far less widely accepted than its proponents would have us believe. Only two percent of the people of Western Europe have their water fluoridated — almost all of them within Britain and Ireland. Despite this, dental organisations lobby governments to compel everyone to ingest fluoride, whether they want it or not and without regard to possible harm. The vast majority of dentists maintain that the fluoridation of water is not debatable. In this book, Barry Groves assembles evidence to refute every single argument made by the dental establishment in favour of fluoridation. This carefully researched and persuasively written book demonstrates that the case for fluoridation of water is based on poor science and dogmatic ignorance rather than on any scientifically proven benefit to public health. His conclusions are truly alarming for everyone concerned with their own health, that of their families and of society in general. Fluoride: Drinking Ourselves to Death?: Table of Contents Introduction - Water Fluoridation - Fluoride and Water Safety - Cancer and Fluoride - Safe Limit for Fluoride - Research into Fluoride - Fluoridation and High Infant Mortality - Fluoride as a Cumulative Poison - Fluoride Kills - People at Risk from Fluoride - EPA Scientists and Fluoride - Support for Fluoridation Diminishes in America - The Totality of Fluoride - The Ethics and Legality of Fluoridation - Dental Fluorosis - The Dose Makes the Poison - Fluoride-Related Bone Problems, Part One - Fluoride-Related Bone Problems, Part Two - The Death of Science - The Poor and Fluoride Toxicity - Sugar and Truth Decay - Money Down the Drain - The History of Water Fluoridation, Part One - Arsenic and Old Lies - The History of Water Fluoridation, Part Two - Dentrifrice — or Rodenticide? - Europe Against Fluoride - Skeletal Fluorosis - The Public and Fluoride - Legislating for Fluoride - Fluoride Not an Essential Nutrient - Fluoride and Controversy - The UK Review: The Final Word on Fluoride? - Are You at Risk?Conclusion Appendix: Scientific Opposition to Fluoride

Author: Frank James McClure
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fluorides
Languages : en
Pages : 318

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