Author: John O. Evans Publisher: ISBN: Category : Herbicides Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
Field and laboratory studies of the movement of herbicides were conducted to determine their potential as contaminants in irrigation return flow. Special emphasis was given to the use of herbicides for vegetation control along ditches, canals and watersheds where high dosages are required to control the excessive growth of grasses and broadleaved weeds. The following herbicides have been studies: substituted urea (diuron), triazines (summitol and atrazine), phenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D and 2, 4, 5-T) and a substituted pyridine (picloram). The greatest tendency for transport of herbicides in water coming in contact with soils occurs during the initial storms following spray application. If the intensity of the initial precipitation is not sufficient to cause movement across the soil, the danger of herbicide movement is essentially eliminated. The highest concentratoins (ppm) of herbicide observed in surface waters were 1.8, 0.5, 4.2 and 2.7 for diuron, summitol, 2, 4-D, 2, 4, 5-T and picloram, respectively. These levels were observed immediately below treated areas receiving the higher recommended dosages of the herbicides. All herbicide concentrations dropped below the limit of detection within a few hundred meters below the sprayed areas. Presumably, soil filtration, adsorption and dilution are primarily responsible for the loss of herbicides from water.
Author: Muharrem Ince Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 178984696X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 232
Book Description
Biochemical Toxicology - Heavy Metals and Nanomaterials provides an overview of biochemical contamination, nanomaterials and toxic metals, and measurement techniques. It explains and clarifies important studies and compares and develops new and groundbreaking measurement techniques in the fields of organic and inorganic pollution and nanoscience. It is highly recommended for professionals and readers interested in the environment and human health.
Author: John O. Evans Publisher: ISBN: Category : Herbicides Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
Field and laboratory studies of the movement of herbicides were conducted to determine their potential as contaminants in irrigation return flow. Special emphasis was given to the use of herbicides for vegetation control along ditches, canals and watersheds where high dosages are required to control the excessive growth of grasses and broadleaved weeds. The following herbicides have been studies: substituted urea (diuron), triazines (summitol and atrazine), phenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D and 2, 4, 5-T) and a substituted pyridine (picloram). The greatest tendency for transport of herbicides in water coming in contact with soils occurs during the initial storms following spray application. If the intensity of the initial precipitation is not sufficient to cause movement across the soil, the danger of herbicide movement is essentially eliminated. The highest concentratoins (ppm) of herbicide observed in surface waters were 1.8, 0.5, 4.2 and 2.7 for diuron, summitol, 2, 4-D, 2, 4, 5-T and picloram, respectively. These levels were observed immediately below treated areas receiving the higher recommended dosages of the herbicides. All herbicide concentrations dropped below the limit of detection within a few hundred meters below the sprayed areas. Presumably, soil filtration, adsorption and dilution are primarily responsible for the loss of herbicides from water.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309064325 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 277
Book Description
With an increasing population, use of new and diverse chemicals that can enter the water supply, and emergence of new microbial pathogens, the U.S. federal government is faced with a regulatory dilemma: Where should it focus its attention and limited resources to ensure safe drinking water supplies for the future? Identifying Future Drinking Water Contaminants is based on a 1998 workshop on emerging drinking water contaminants. It includes a dozen papers that were presented on new and emerging microbiological and chemical drinking water contaminants, associated analytical and water treatment methods for their detection and removal, and existing and proposed environmental databases to assist in their proactive identification and regulation. The papers are preceded by a conceptual approach and related recommendations to EPA for the periodic creation of future Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate Lists (CCLsâ€"produced every five yearsâ€"include currently unregulated chemical and microbiological substances that are known or anticipated to occur in public water systems and that may pose health risks).
Author: Andrew Price Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9535122177 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 346
Book Description
Herbicides are one of the most widely used groups of pesticides worldwide for controlling weedy species in agricultural and non-crop settings. Due to the extensive use of herbicides and their value in weed management, herbicide research remains crucial for ensuring continued effective use of herbicides while minimizing detrimental effects to ecosystems. Presently, a wide range of research continues to focus on the physiology of herbicide action, the environmental impact of herbicides, and safety. The authors of Herbicides, Physiology of Action, and Safety cover multiple topics concerning current valuable herbicide research.
Author: Hwei-Hsien Cheng Publisher: ISBN: 9780891187912 Category : Pesticides Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Pesticides in the soil environment - an overview. Pesticide sources to the soil and principles of spray physics. The retention processes: mechanisms. Sorption estimates for modeling. Abiotic transformations in water, sediments, and soil. Biological transformation processes of pesticides. Volatilization and vapor transport processes. Organic chemical transport to Groundwater. Movement of pesticides into surface waters. Modeling pesticide fate in soils. Efficacy of soil-applied pesticides. Impact of pesticides on the environment. Risk/benefit and regulations. Chemical index.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309048753 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 402
Book Description
Many of the pesticides applied to food crops in this country are present in foods and may pose risks to human health. Current regulations are intended to protect the health of the general population by controlling pesticide use. This book explores whether the present regulatory approaches adequately protect infants and children, who may differ from adults in susceptibility and in dietary exposures to pesticide residues. The committee focuses on four major areas: Susceptibility: Are children more susceptible or less susceptible than adults to the effects of dietary exposure to pesticides? Exposure: What foods do infants and children eat, and which pesticides and how much of them are present in those foods? Is the current information on consumption and residues adequate to estimate exposure? Toxicity: Are toxicity tests in laboratory animals adequate to predict toxicity in human infants and children? Do the extent and type of toxicity of some chemicals vary by species and by age? Assessing risk: How is dietary exposure to pesticide residues associated with response? How can laboratory data on lifetime exposures of animals be used to derive meaningful estimates of risk to children? Does risk accumulate more rapidly during the early years of life? This book will be of interest to policymakers, administrators of research in the public and private sectors, toxicologists, pediatricians and other health professionals, and the pesticide industry.
Author: M. Naeem Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 303041552X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 443
Book Description
This comprehensive volume covers recent studies into agricultural problems caused by soil and water contamination. Considering the importance of agricultural crops to human health, the editors have focused on chapters detailing the negative impact of heavy metals, excessive chemical fertilizer use, nutrients, pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, agricultural wastes and toxic pollutants, among others, on agricultural soil and crops. In addition, the chapters offer solutions to these negative impacts through various scientific approaches, including using biotechnology, nanotechnology, nutrient management strategies, biofertilizers, as well as potent PGRs and elicitors. This book serves as a key source of information on scientific and engineered approaches and challenges for the bioremediation of agricultural contamination worldwide. This book should be helpful for research students, teachers, agriculturalists, agronomists, botanists, and plant growers, as well as in the fields of agriculture, agronomy, plant science, plant biology, and biotechnology, among others. It serves as an excellent reference on the current research and future directions of contaminants in agriculture from laboratory research to field application.
Author: John O. Evans
Author: John O. Evans
Author: Muharrem Ince
Author: John O. Evans
Author: Amy Swancar
Author: National Research Council
Author: Andrew Price
Author: Hwei-Hsien Cheng
Author: National Research Council
Author: M. Naeem