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Author: Kia Lilly Caldwell Publisher: University of Illinois Press ISBN: 0252099532 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
Brazil's leadership role in the fight against HIV has brought its public health system widespread praise. But the nation still faces serious health challenges and inequities. Though home to the world's second largest African-descendant population, Brazil failed to address many of its public health issues that disproportionately impact Afro-Brazilian women and men. Kia Lilly Caldwell draws on twenty years of engagement with activists, issues, and policy initiatives to document how the country's feminist health movement and black women's movement have fought for much-needed changes in women's health. Merging ethnography with a historical analysis of policies and programs, Caldwell offers a close examination of institutional and structural factors that have impacted the quest for gender and racial health equity in Brazil. As she shows, activists have played an essential role in policy development in areas ranging from maternal mortality to female sterilization. Caldwell's insightful portrait of the public health system also details how its weaknesses contribute to ongoing failures and challenges while also imperiling the advances that have been made.
Author: Kia Lilly Caldwell Publisher: University of Illinois Press ISBN: 0252099532 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
Brazil's leadership role in the fight against HIV has brought its public health system widespread praise. But the nation still faces serious health challenges and inequities. Though home to the world's second largest African-descendant population, Brazil failed to address many of its public health issues that disproportionately impact Afro-Brazilian women and men. Kia Lilly Caldwell draws on twenty years of engagement with activists, issues, and policy initiatives to document how the country's feminist health movement and black women's movement have fought for much-needed changes in women's health. Merging ethnography with a historical analysis of policies and programs, Caldwell offers a close examination of institutional and structural factors that have impacted the quest for gender and racial health equity in Brazil. As she shows, activists have played an essential role in policy development in areas ranging from maternal mortality to female sterilization. Caldwell's insightful portrait of the public health system also details how its weaknesses contribute to ongoing failures and challenges while also imperiling the advances that have been made.
Author: Anna Pagano Publisher: ISBN: 9781124703657 Category : Blacks Languages : en Pages : 305
Book Description
In 2006, the Brazilian Health Council approved a National Health Policy for the Black Population. The Policy is striking because it promotes the image of a biologically and culturally discrete black population in a nation where racial classification has historically been relatively fluid and ambiguous. It transforms established patterns of racialization by collapsing "brown" (pardo) and "black" (preto) Brazilian Census categories into a single "black population" (população negra) to be considered a special-needs group by the public health apparatus. This construction resembles the United States' dominant mode of racialization based on hypodescent and represents a significant departure from hegemonic portrayals of Brazil as a racially mixed nation. Furthermore, the Policy challenges national ideologies of racial and cultural unity by affirming the existence of an essential black body with specific health concerns, as well as an essential Afro-Brazilian culture that materializes in recommendations for culturally competent health care. As such, the Policy constitutes an important site for new negotiations of racial and cultural identity in Brazil. In this dissertation, I explore the political and social implications of treating racial and ethnic groups differently within Brazilian health care. I examine how the re-definition and medicalization of racial and cultural identities unfolds in public clinics, temples of Afro-Brazilian religion, and social movements based in São Luís and São Paulo, Brazil. Through an analysis of ethnographic data that I collected over twenty-four months, I assess the impact of recent developments in race-conscious health policy on Brazilians' lived experiences of race, ethnicity, and health disparities. I argue that the new Policy, and its associated health programs, signals the emergence of a new biopolitical paradigm in which the Brazilian state formalizes citizens' racial and ethnic differences in order to address inequalities among them. I also show that many aspects of these programs, which incorporate global discourses and concepts related to health equity, fail to resonate with Brazilian citizens' notions about race and health. Consequently, patients and healthcare providers often resist the new measures. The result is a disjuncture between policy and practice that ultimately hinders Brazil's efforts to reduce health inequalities among its citizens.
Author: Richard Cookson Publisher: Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation ISBN: 0198838190 Category : Medical care Languages : en Pages : 385
Book Description
Health inequalities blight lives, generate enormous costs, and exist everywhere. This book is the definitive all-in-one guide for anyone who wishes to learn about, commission, and use distributional cost-effectiveness analysis to promote both equity and efficiency in health and healthcare.
Author: WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 9241563702 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 257
Book Description
Social justice is a matter of life and death. It affects the way people live, their consequent chance of illness, and their risk of premature death. We watch in wonder as life expectancy and good health continue to increase in parts of the world and in alarm as they fail to improve in others.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 52
Book Description
"This case study synthesis is a product of a larger collaborative undertaking of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and was contracted and funded by PHAC"--Page i.
Author: World Health Organization Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 9241548630 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 123
Book Description
"The Handbook on health inequality monitoring: with a special focus on low- and middle-income countries is a resource that enables countries to do just that. It presents a comprehensive yet clear overview of health inequality monitoring in a user-friendly manner. The handbook succeeds in giving those involved in health inequality monitoring an appreciation of the complexities of the process, as well as building the practical knowledge and skills for systematic monitoring of health inequalities in low- and middle-income countries. The use of the handbook will enable countries to better monitor and evaluate their progress and performance with a high degree of accountability and transparency, and allow them to use the results to formulate evidenced-based policies, programmes and practices to tackle inequalities in an effective manner."--Publisher's description.
Author: Weltbank Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This report is a case study analyzing key issues--coverage, equity, sustainability--faced by the Brazilian health system in the state of Bahia, in the context of national reforms geared to the decentralization of health care. Thus, the report examines the instruments and the incentives in the system to: 1) improve the coverage of the key health interventions that influence the basic health outcomes of the population; 2) reduce the inequality in the distribution of publicly financed health care; and 3)) improve the fianncial sustainability of the health sector through greater efficiency and through improved mechanisms for cost control. Special attention is paid to implementation in Bahia of the latest and most ambitious of the national reforms based on those objectives: the Operational Regulations for Health Care, issued in early 2001 and referred to in this report by its Brazilian acronym, NOAS. NOAS is expected to have a significant impact on the organization of public health care over the next several years. Its main features are described in the Introduction. The structure of the report is as follows: the report has four chapters dealing, respectively, with public sector financing sources and allocation mechanisms in Bahia; Basic health care issues; reforming complex care; and conclusions, recommendation, and options for reform. There are two annexes. the first describes the key issues in health outcomes, and the epidemiological and demographic profile of the state. The second annex summarizes a benefit incidence study of public expenditures in Bahia.
Author: Kia Lilly Caldwell
Author: Kia Lilly Caldwell
Author: Anna Pagano
Author: World Health Organization
Author: Richard Cookson
Author: Rienaldo José Gianni
Author: WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health
Author: 
Author: Octávio Luiz Motta Ferraz
Author: World Health Organization
Author: Weltbank