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Author: Natalija Koprivanac Publisher: Nova Science Pub Incorporated ISBN: 9781604569360 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 81
Book Description
The manufacturing and the application of organic dyes involve the production and the handling of many organic compounds hazardous to human health. Many of these substances are considered toxic, even carcinogenic. Over the past couple of decades, manufacturers and users of dyes have faced increasingly stringent legal regulations promulgated to safeguard human health and the environment. So, there is a clear need to treat dye wastewater prior to discharge into the primary effluent. The limitation of traditional wastewater treatment technologies (biological and physical), such as low rate, disability to degrade many of recalcitrant organic dyes and the production of secondary waste which demands further treatment, can be overcome by the utilisation of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). These wastewater treatment methods are considered as low- or even non-waste generation technologies. AOPs are based on the production of very reactive species, such as hydroxyl radicals, able to decolourise and to reduce recalcitrant coloured wastewater loads due to the high oxidation power and the lack of selectivity of OH radicals towards a broad range of organic pollutants present in wastewater. Generally, AOPs can be broadly classified concerning the way of OH radicals generation into chemical, photochemical, photocatalytic, mechanical and electrical technologies. This research deals with the application of chemical and photochemical AOPs for the minimisation of recalcitrant coloured pollutants present in wastewaters. The comparative study of several processes, Fe0/H2O2, UV/Fe0/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/O3/H2O2, was performed through an experimental research of decolourisation and mineralisation of a reactive azo dye C.I. Reactive Blue 137, as a model wastewater pollutant. Applied processes were optimised according to their process parameters, Fe0 dosages, initial H2O2 dosages and initial pH values of treated solutions. The influence of initial organic dye concentration, as well as the addition of solid particles, synthetic zeolites, on the process effectiveness was also investigated. Studied AOPs were evaluated on the basis of their eco-effectiveness, by the means of colour (A610), aromaticity (UV280), TOC and AOX value decrease, and their cost-effectiveness as well.
Author: Natalija Koprivanac Publisher: Nova Science Pub Incorporated ISBN: 9781604569360 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 81
Book Description
The manufacturing and the application of organic dyes involve the production and the handling of many organic compounds hazardous to human health. Many of these substances are considered toxic, even carcinogenic. Over the past couple of decades, manufacturers and users of dyes have faced increasingly stringent legal regulations promulgated to safeguard human health and the environment. So, there is a clear need to treat dye wastewater prior to discharge into the primary effluent. The limitation of traditional wastewater treatment technologies (biological and physical), such as low rate, disability to degrade many of recalcitrant organic dyes and the production of secondary waste which demands further treatment, can be overcome by the utilisation of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). These wastewater treatment methods are considered as low- or even non-waste generation technologies. AOPs are based on the production of very reactive species, such as hydroxyl radicals, able to decolourise and to reduce recalcitrant coloured wastewater loads due to the high oxidation power and the lack of selectivity of OH radicals towards a broad range of organic pollutants present in wastewater. Generally, AOPs can be broadly classified concerning the way of OH radicals generation into chemical, photochemical, photocatalytic, mechanical and electrical technologies. This research deals with the application of chemical and photochemical AOPs for the minimisation of recalcitrant coloured pollutants present in wastewaters. The comparative study of several processes, Fe0/H2O2, UV/Fe0/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/O3/H2O2, was performed through an experimental research of decolourisation and mineralisation of a reactive azo dye C.I. Reactive Blue 137, as a model wastewater pollutant. Applied processes were optimised according to their process parameters, Fe0 dosages, initial H2O2 dosages and initial pH values of treated solutions. The influence of initial organic dye concentration, as well as the addition of solid particles, synthetic zeolites, on the process effectiveness was also investigated. Studied AOPs were evaluated on the basis of their eco-effectiveness, by the means of colour (A610), aromaticity (UV280), TOC and AOX value decrease, and their cost-effectiveness as well.
Author: Allison A. Lewinsky Publisher: Nova Publishers ISBN: 9781600212574 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 394
Book Description
Hazardous waste is a waste with properties that make it dangerous or potentially harmful to human health or the environment. Hazardous waste generally exhibits one or more of these characteristics: ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity or toxicity. The universe of hazardous wastes is large and diverse. Hazardous wastes can be liquids, solids, contained gases, or sludges. They can be the by-products of manufacturing processes or simply discarded commercial products, like cleaning fluids or pesticides. One major type is radioactive waste. This book brings together the latest research in this diverse field.
Author: Pooja Devi Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128189657 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 444
Book Description
Inorganic Pollutants in Water provides a clear understanding of inorganic pollutants and the challenges they cause in aquatic environments. The book explores the point of source, how they enter water, the effects they have, and their eventual detection and removal. Through a series of case studies, the authors explore the success of the detection and removal techniques they have developed. Users will find this to be a single platform of information on inorganic pollutants that is ideal for researchers, engineers and technologists working in the fields of environmental science, environmental engineering and chemical engineering/ sustainability. Through this text, the authors introduce new researchers to the problem of inorganic contaminants in water, while also presenting the current state-of-the-art in terms of research and technologies to tackle this problem.
Author: M. Vasanthy Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030724417 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 604
Book Description
This volume describes the identification of emerging organic pollutants, mainly from industrial sources, their associated toxicological threats, and the latest green methods and biotechnological solutions to abate harmful impacts on people and the environment. The chapters present reviews on current applied toxicology research, occupational health hazards and green remedial solutions for pollution control in terrestrial and aquatic environments, with the aim of raising public awareness of these issues and providing chemists, toxicologists and environmental scientists with the knowledge to combat organic pollutants through sustainable means. Readers will learn about the multi-dimensional applications of materials and processes which harvest energy out of environmental remediation technologies, as well as the roles of biotechnology and nanotechnology in addressing high pollutant load. Specific attention is paid to technologies that draw energy through wastewater remediation, as this covers the primary means by which organic pollutants are introduced into the environment from industry and other sources. The book will be of use to pollution control boards, industry regulators, and students and researchers in the fields of biotechnology, biomedical science, hydrology and water chemistry.
Author: Ram Naresh Bharagava Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811086699 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 443
Book Description
Rapid industrialization is a serious concern in the context of a healthy environment. With the growth in the number of industries, the waste generated is also growing exponentially. The various chemical processes operating in the manufacturing industry generate a large number of by-products, which are largely harmful and toxic pollutants and are generally discharged into the natural water bodies. Once the pollutants enter the environment, they are taken up by different life forms, and because of bio-magnification, they affect the entire food chain and have severe adverse effects on all life forms, including on human health. Although, various physico-chemical and biological approaches are available for the removal of toxic pollutants, unfortunately these are often ineffective and traditional clean up practices are inefficient. Biological approaches utilizing microorganisms (bacterial/fungi/algae), green plants or their enzymes to degrade or detoxify environmental pollutants such as endocrine disruptors, toxic metals, pesticides, dyes, petroleum hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds, offer eco- friendly approaches. Such eco-friendly approaches are often more effective than traditional practices, and are safe for both industry workers as well as environment. This book provides a comprehensive overview of various toxic environmental pollutants from a variety natural and anthropogenic sources, their toxicological effects on the environment, humans, animals and plants as well as their biodegradation and bioremediation using emerging and eco-friendly approaches (e.g. Anammox technology, advanced oxidation processes, membrane bioreactors, membrane processes, GMOs), microbial degradation (e.g. bacteria, fungi, algae), phytoremediation, biotechnology and nanobiotechnology. Offering fundamental and advanced information on environmental problems, challenges and bioremediation approaches used for the remediation of contaminated sites, it is a valuable resource for students, scientists and researchers engaged in microbiology, biotechnology and environmental sciences.
Author: Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119737591 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 324
Book Description
Pollution due to various anthropogenic activities continues to increase. In terms of water pollutants, organic and inorganic pollutants are the most problematic. Although several measures have been proposed and implemented to prevent or reduce contamination, their increased concentration in water bodies has created serious concerns. Over the years, the problem has been aggravated by industrialization, urbanization and the exploitation of natural resources. The direct discharge of wastewater contaminants and their geographical mobilization have caused an increase in concentration in ground, surface, fluvial and residual waters. Extensive information about detection and disposal methods is needed in order to develop technological solutions for a variety of environments, both urban and rural. This book provides up-to-date information on wastewater contaminants, aimed at researchers, engineers and technologists working in this field. Conventional physicochemical techniques used to remove contaminants from wastewater include ion exchange, precipitation, degradation, coagulation, coating, membrane processes and adsorption. However, these applications have technological and economic limitations, and involve the release of large amounts of chemical reagents and by-products that are themselves difficult to remove. Biosorption - the use of organically generated material as an adsorbent – is attracting new research and scholarship. Thermally-treated calcined biomaterials may be treated to remove heavy metals from wastewater. To ensure the elimination of these contaminants, existing solutions must be integrated with intelligent biosorption functions. Biosorption for Wastewater Contaminants will find an appreciative audience among academics and postgraduates working in the fields of environmental biotechnology, environmental engineering, wastewater treatment technology and environmental chemistry.
Author: Sughosh Madhav Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119709709 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 448
Book Description
This book contains both practical and theoretical aspects of groundwater resources relating to geochemistry. Focusing on recent research in groundwater resources, this book helps readers to understand the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater resources. Dealing primarily with the sources of ions in groundwater, the book describes geogenic and anthropogenic input of ions into water. Different organic, inorganic and emerging contamination and salinity problems are described, along with pollution-related issues affecting groundwater. New trends in groundwater contamination remediation measures are included, which will be particularly useful to researchers working in the field of water conservation. The book also contains diverse groundwater modelling examples, enabling a better understanding of water-related issues and their management. Groundwater Geochemistry: Pollution and Remediation offers the reader: An understanding of the quantitative and qualitative challenges of groundwater resources An introduction to the environmental geochemistry of groundwater resources A survey of groundwater pollution-related issues Recent trends in groundwater conservation and remediation Mathematical and statistical modeling related to groundwater resources Students, lecturers and researchers working in the fields of hydrogeochemistry, water pollution and groundwater will find Groundwater Geochemistry an essential companion.
Author: Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9783319736440 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This reference work analyzes and assesses global environmental management techniques for environmental materials with a focus on their performance and economic benefits, proposing eco-friendly solutions and designating policies that will sustain the environment for future generations. It addresses management of environmental materials as not only a complex anthropogenic problem, but also as an expensive problem that needs to be managed sustainably. Simultaneously, it considers the environmental and economic benefits involved in the high levels of investment and operation costs required to develop effective materials collection and management systems in modern society.
Author: Ferhan Çeçen Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 178040770X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
Hazardous pollutants are a growing concern in treatment engineering. In the past, biological treatment was mainly used for the removal of bulk organic matter and the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorous. However, relatively recently the issue of hazardous pollutants, which are present at very low concentrations in wastewaters and waters but are very harmful to both ecosystems and humans, is becoming increasingly important. Today, treatment of hazardous pollutants in the water environment becomes a challenge as the water quality standards become stricter. Hazardous Pollutants in Biological Treatment Systems focuses entirely on hazardous pollutants in biological treatment and gives an elaborate insight into their fate and effects during biological treatment of wastewater and water. Currently, in commercial and industrial products and processes, thousands of chemicals are used that reach water. Many of those chemicals are carcinogens, mutagens, endocrine disruptors and toxicants. Therefore, water containing hazardous pollutants should be treated before discharged to the environment or consumed by humans. This book first addresses the characteristics, occurrence and origin of hazardous organic and inorganic pollutants. Then, it concentrates on the fate and effects of these pollutants in biological wastewater and drinking water treatment units. It also provides details about analysis of hazardous pollutants, experimental methodologies, computational tools used to assist experiments, evaluation of experimental data and examination of microbial ecology by molecular microbiology and genetic tools. Hazardous Pollutants in Biological Treatment Systems is an essential resource to the researcher or the practitioner who is already involved with hazardous pollutants and biological processes or intending to do so. The text will also be useful for professionals working in the field of water and wastewater treatment.
Author: Natalija Koprivanac
Author: Natalija Koprivanac
Author: Allison A. Lewinsky
Author: Pooja Devi
Author: M. Vasanthy
Author: Ram Naresh Bharagava
Author: 
Author: Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
Author: Sughosh Madhav
Author: Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Author: Ferhan Çeçen