Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Almanacs, Hawaiian
Languages : en
Pages : 766
Book Description
Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for ...
Author: Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for ...
Author: Hawaiian Annual
Author: The Statesman's Year-book
Author: Catalogue of Copyright Entries
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : American literature
Languages : en
Pages : 1260
Book Description
The Journal of the Polynesian Society
Author: Polynesian Society (N.Z.)Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic journals
Languages : en
Pages : 512
Book Description
Vols. for 1892-1941 contain the transactions and proceedings of the society.
From King Cane to the Last Sugar Mill
Author: C. Allan JonesPublisher: University of Hawaii Press
ISBN: 0824854071
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 290
Book Description
From King Cane to the Last Sugar Mill focuses on the technological and scientific advances that allowed Hawai‘i’s sugar industry to become a world leader and Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Company (HC&S) to survive into the twenty-first century. The authors, both agricultural scientists, offer a detailed history of the industry and its contributions, balanced with discussion of the enormous societal and environmental changes due to its aggressive search for labor, land, and water. Sugarcane cultivation in Hawai‘i began with the arrival of Polynesian settlers, expanded into a commercial crop in the mid-1800s, and became a significant economic and political force by the end of the nineteenth century. Hawai‘i’s sugar industry entered the twentieth century heralding major improvements in sugarcane varieties, irrigation systems, fertilizer use, biological pest control, and the use of steam power for field and factory operations. By the 1920s, the industry was among the most technologically advanced in the world. Its expansion, however, was not without challenges. Hawai‘i’s annexation by the United States in 1898 invalidated the Kingdom’s contract labor laws, reduced the plantations’ hold on labor, and resulted in successful strikes by Japanese and Filipino workers. The industry survived the low sugar prices of the Great Depression and labor shortages of World War II by mechanizing to increase productivity. The 1950s and 1960s saw science-driven gains in output and profitability, but the following decades brought unprecedented economic pressures that reduced the number of plantations from twenty-seven in 1970 to only four in 2000. By 2011 only one plantation remained. Hawai‘i’s last surviving sugar mill, HC&S—with its large size, excellent water resources, and efficient irrigation and automated systems—remained generally profitable into the 2000s. Severe drought conditions, however, caused substantial operating losses in 2008 and 2009. Though profits rebounded, local interest groups have mounted legal challenges to HC&S’s historic water rights and the public health effects of preharvest burning. While the company has experimented with alternative harvesting methods to lessen environmental impacts, HC&S has yet to find those to be economically viable. As a result, the future of the last sugar company in Hawai‘i remains uncertain.
A History of Hawaii
Author: Ralph Simpson KuykendallPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hawaii
Languages : en
Pages : 401
Book Description
The Statesman's Year-Book
Author: J. Scott-KeltiePublisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230270549
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1559
Book Description
The classic reference work that provides annually updated information on the countries of the world.
Catalogue of Title-entries of Books and Other Articles Entered in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, Under the Copyright Law ... Wherein the Copyright Has Been Completed by the Deposit of Two Copies in the Office
Author: Library of Congress. Copyright OfficePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : American drama
Languages : en
Pages : 2666
Book Description