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Author: Carl Henning Reschke Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The paper develops a formal evolutionary framework for organizational change. It argues that strategizing is part of a learning process that can be captured using evolutionary concepts illustrated by the example of globalization processes. These lead to entry and encounters of organizations of different fitness levels. New and established actors need to learn and adapt to new conditions. The argument is based on a model of systemic evolution that allows to consider the learning process of actors. The paper extends the evolutionary economic framework in two directions a) by supplying a micro-level concept superior to routines and b) by focussing on a systemic evolutionary school that is superior to Neo-Darwinian and Lamarckian approaches to (social) evolution. The power of the framework is shown by its ability to integrate relevant perspectives in the area of organization and strategy. The paper is organized as follows: It discusses theoretical perspectives from strategy, economics, evolutionary biology and psychology at first. Then it builds a link between micro- and macro-levels of social systems based on an evolutionary conception of organizational change. The paper then links managerial actions and the evolution model to organizational performance outcomes, followed by a discussion of organizational development as evolutionary competitive process in globalization.
Author: Carl Henning Reschke Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The paper develops a formal evolutionary framework for organizational change. It argues that strategizing is part of a learning process that can be captured using evolutionary concepts illustrated by the example of globalization processes. These lead to entry and encounters of organizations of different fitness levels. New and established actors need to learn and adapt to new conditions. The argument is based on a model of systemic evolution that allows to consider the learning process of actors. The paper extends the evolutionary economic framework in two directions a) by supplying a micro-level concept superior to routines and b) by focussing on a systemic evolutionary school that is superior to Neo-Darwinian and Lamarckian approaches to (social) evolution. The power of the framework is shown by its ability to integrate relevant perspectives in the area of organization and strategy. The paper is organized as follows: It discusses theoretical perspectives from strategy, economics, evolutionary biology and psychology at first. Then it builds a link between micro- and macro-levels of social systems based on an evolutionary conception of organizational change. The paper then links managerial actions and the evolution model to organizational performance outcomes, followed by a discussion of organizational development as evolutionary competitive process in globalization.
Author: George Modelski Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 113597764X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 465
Book Description
The term globalization has gained widespread popularity; yet most treatments are either descriptive and/or focused on changes in economic interconnectivity. In this volume the concept is seen in broader terms as leading international experts from a range of disciplines develop a long-term analysis to address the problems of globalization. The editors and contributors develop a framework for understanding the origins and trajectory of contemporary world trends, constructing testable and verifiable models of globalization. They demonstrate how the evolutionary approach allows us to view globalization as an enterprise of the human species as a whole focusing on the analytical problem of global change and the rules governing those changes. The emphasis is not on broad-based accounts of the course of world affairs but, selectively, on processes that reshape the social of the human species, the making of world opinion and the innovations that animate these developments. Chapters are clustered into four foci. One emphasizes the interpretation of globalization as an explicitly evolutionary process. A second looks at historical sequences of such phenomena as population growth or imperial rise and decline as processes that can be modeled and not purely described. The third cluster examines ongoing changes in economic processes, especially information technology. A final cluster takes on some of the challenges associated with forecasting and simulating the complexities of globalization processes. This innovative and important volume will be of interest to students and scholars across the social sciences concerned with the phenomenon of globalization.
Author: Joseph Lampel Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The field of strategic management emerged and developed in North America before migrating to other parts of the world. Historically, the relationship between North American strategy research and research elsewhere was asymmetric: North America led, other research communities followed. More recently, however, the pattern of interaction has shifted as strategy research communities outside North America have attained critical mass and begun to challenge North American dominance. The challenge takes several forms. To begin with, whereas a decade or more ago top management journals rarely featured strategy research conducted outside North America, today the volume of work by non-North American strategy researchers that appears in these journals is substantial, and arguably approaching parity. Moreover, strategy research communities outside North America are no longer inclined to defer to the North American community as sole arbiter of research quality, nor do they routinely accept North American views of what constitutes “cutting edge” research. This newly gained confidence in their own abilities and judgment has emboldened non-North American researchers to explore intellectual traditions distinct from those that ground North American strategy research. As North American strategy researchers are increasingly exposed to these new ideas and approaches, optimistically, this should give rise to cooperation, consolidation and common ground. But, for the present, strategy research seems to be moving in the opposite direction, toward increased rivalry and fragmentation as new rhetorical, discursive, and practice perspectives emerge and gain traction. For some, this fragmentation reflects the effects of globalization on the larger cycle of variation, selection and consolidation in the evolution of strategy research. For others, however, it is the result of a confrontation between diverse intellectual traditions and socioeconomic conditions that not only make fragmentation and hostility likely to persist, but also give rise to distinctive and potentially irreconcilable schools of thought (O'Shannasy, 2001) . Whether strategy research is destined for permanent pluralism or merely in transition to greater coherence is difficult to say precisely because we do not understand adequately how fields evolve in general, and how globalization will affect the intellectual evolution of our field in particular (Baum, 2007). At one level it can be argued that the end-state does not matter. What matters at this point is letting a “thousand flowers” bloom by encouraging new ideas and giving new voices an opportunity to be heard. This is the policy we adopted for this volume of Advances in Strategic Management. We cast our net wide deliberately, inviting contributions that tackle and capture the globalization of strategy research, with particular emphasis on contributions that “challenge the historically dominant North American tradition in strategy research - from both outside as well as inside North America.” We believe we have succeeded in bringing together as diverse a collection of contributions as space allows, but in the course of reading and editing them it became clear to us that not only do many of these contributions challenge the dominance of the North American influence in strategy research, but they also challenge each other. For us, as editors, this posed a dilemma: Espousing diversity may satisfy our belief in the importance of keeping an open mind, but stopping there would ignore how the increasing conceptual diversity of strategy research is changing the field. A useful starting point for understanding the impact of this diversity on the field of strategy is the wider historical context. As with the broader impact of globalization, the emergence of a challenge to North American dominance of strategy research is due in part to technological change, specifically convenient access of researchers via the Internet to articles published in what are often colloquially referred to as 'second tier' management journals. Easier access to these journals has increased their influence, and reduced the power of so-called 'top tier' journals, which are almost invariably North American, to enforce a particular approach to strategy research. It has also allowed non-North American researchers, and North American researchers who dissent from the dominant perspective, to link up and form new research perspectives. The increased diversity, however, has intensified competition for what Collins (1998) terms the “intellectual attention space”. This, in turn, has triggered greater attention to fundamental questions of legitimacy, or more specifically, why it is increasingly difficult for strategy researchers to agree on how knowledge claims should be judged. This the main issue that we examine in this opening chapter. We begin by framing the issue of intellectual or scientific legitimacy in general. This is a large issue so, by necessity, we focus on several key points that are useful to our analysis. We continue by examining how the history of the field of strategy or, more precisely, the “emergence narrative” of how the field began has been used to legitimize the dominance of North American strategy research. We show that contrary to the emergence narrative that now prevails, there were alternative visions of how the field should evolve, but that these alternatives were marginalized when certain epistemologies, specifically logical empiricism, were promoted as the best way of legitimizing research. Research that challenges the dominant North American approach to research could only make headways if it sought different sources of legitimacy. In the final part of the paper we therefore examine the various ways in which emerging perspectives in strategy have sought to consecrate their research, and consider to the extent to which different consecration tactics exacerbated the fragmentation of the field of strategy as a global enterprise.
Author: Beatrice Heuser Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 113949256X Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Is there a 'Western way of war' which pursues battles of annihilation and single-minded military victory? Is warfare on a path to ever greater destructive force? This magisterial account answers these questions by tracing the history of Western thinking about strategy - the employment of military force as a political instrument - from antiquity to the present day. Assessing sources from Vegetius to contemporary America, and with a particular focus on strategy since the Napoleonic Wars, Beatrice Heuser explores the evolution of strategic thought, the social institutions, norms and patterns of behaviour within which it operates, the policies that guide it and the cultures that influence it. Ranging across technology and warfare, total warfare and small wars as well as land, sea, air and nuclear warfare, she demonstrates that warfare and strategic thinking have fluctuated wildly in their aims, intensity, limitations and excesses over the past two millennia.
Author: Juha-Antti Lamberg Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9781402065675 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 332
Book Description
An analysis of the evolution of competitive strategies within the forestry industry is presented in this book. The argument is that the chosen context serves as an illustrative setting for a discussion related to global corporate evolution. Therefore, this analytical and rigorous book contributes to better understanding of the workings of a number of manufacturing industries through discussion of the evolutionary development within the pulp and paper industry.
Author: Susan P. Douglas Publisher: ISBN: 9780071132770 Category : Export marketing Languages : en Pages : 554
Book Description
Intended for those taking an advanced course in international marketing, this book deals with issues facing today's global marketing managers. It aims to provide readers with the competitive orientation and strategies necessary for initial market entry, market expansion and global rationalization. The text is supported by numerous real-company examples, as well as six in-depth cases that consider business activities in North America, Europe and Asia.
Author: Charles Grantham Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0471262986 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 258
Book Description
Consumer Evolution explores the effects of the Internet on the minds of customers and of employees and how it effectively changed the rules of business. It provides business executives with an understanding of the changing social psychology of customers, prospects, employees and markets brought about by the pervasiveness of the Internet. Consumer Evolution examines the new psychology that must be factored into the development of successful business strategies. Using specific examples and case studies, Consumer Evolution offers nine effective business strategies that take these psychological changes into account. It presents vital insight into the constantly changing buying patterns of consumers and lays the foundation for a competitive strategy in an environment in which customer relationship management has become a driving business force. Managers will find expert advice for developing branding and advertising programs that connect them more closely to their customers while also discovering fresh business strategies for maintaining market position, exploiting the business cycle, competing globally, and defining customer need.
Author: Juha-Antti Lamberg Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400754310 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 382
Book Description
This book presents an historical analysis of the global paper industry evolution from a comparative perspective. At the centre are 16 producing countries (Finland, Sweden, Norway, the USA, Germany, Canada, Japan, the UK, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Chile, Brazil, Uruguay and Russia). A comparative study of the paper industry evolution can achieve the following important research objectives. First, we can identify the country specific historical features of paper industry evolution and compare them to the general business trends explicable by existing theoretical knowledge. Second, we can identify and isolate the factors causing both the rise and fall of industrial populations. Third, a shared research agenda can produce an intensive analysis of global industry dynamics. Finally, an extended research period of 250 years can identify what is truly unique in the paper industry evolution and the extent to which it took the same path as other important manufacturing industries.
Author: Kenneth Payne Publisher: Georgetown University Press ISBN: 1626165807 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 270
Book Description
Humans have always made decisions about war, but now machines are close to changing things - with implications for international affairs. Payne explores the origins of human strategy, and makes the argument that Artificial Intelligence will radically transform the nature of war by changing the psychological basis of decision-making about violence.
Author: Bastiaan Van Apeldoorn Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1135011206 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 363
Book Description
This book presents a novel analysis of how US grand strategy has evolved from the end of the Cold War to the present, offering an integrated analysis of both continuity and change. The post-Cold War American grand strategy has continued to be oriented to securing an ‘open door’ to US capital around the globe. This book will show that the three different administrations that have been in office in the post-Cold War era have pursued this goal with varying means: from Clinton’s promotion of neoliberal globalization to Bush’s ‘war on terror’ and Obama’s search to maintain US primacy in the face of a declining economy and a rising Asia. In seeking to make sense of both these strong continuities and these significant variations the book takes as its point of departure the social sources of grand strategy (making), with the aim to relate state (public) power to social (private) power. While developing its own theoretical framework to make sense of the evolution of US grand strategy, it offers a rich and rigorous empirical analysis based on extensive primary data that have been collected over the past years. It draws on a unique data-set that consists of extensive biographical data of 30 cabinet members and other senior foreign policy officials of each of the past three administrations of Clinton, G.W. Bush and Obama. This book is of great use to specialists in International Relations – within International Political Economy, International Security and Foreign Policy Analysis, as well as students of US Politics.
Author: Carl Henning Reschke
Author: Carl Henning Reschke
Author: George Modelski
Author: Joseph Lampel
Author: Beatrice Heuser
Author: Juha-Antti Lamberg
Author: Susan P. Douglas
Author: Charles Grantham
Author: Juha-Antti Lamberg
Author: Kenneth Payne
Author: Bastiaan Van Apeldoorn