Author: Brannon Denning
Publisher: Aspen Publishing
ISBN: 1454858230
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 445
Book Description
Glannon Guide to Constitutional Law: Individual Rights and Liberties is a concise, clear, and effective review of Individual Rights and Liberties topics in Constitutional Law that is organized around multiple-choice questions. Brief explanatory text about a topic is followed by one or two multiple-choice questions. After each question, the author explains how the correct choice was identified thereby helping the student to review course content and at the same time learn how to analyze exam questions. Following the proven Glannon Guide format, this concise paperback: Integrates multiple-choice questions into a full-fledged review of a Constitutional Law/Individual Rights and Liberties course. Prepares students with an initial discussion of law to learn effectively from subsequent questions in the text. Provides clear explanations of correct and incorrect answers that help to clarify nuances in the law. Presents sophisticated but fair multiple-choice questions that are neither too difficult nor unrealistically straightforward. Is valuable to all students regardless of whether they will be tested by multiple-choice or essay questions on their exams. Embodies a far more user-friendly and interactive approach than other exam preparation aids. Illustrates a sophisticated problem in the area under discussion with a more challenging final question in each chapter (the "Closer" ). Provide practice and helpful review of concepts in earlier chapters with "Closing Closer" questions in the last chapter. Intersperses valuable exam-taking pointers throughout the text.
Glannon Guide to Constitutional Law
Author: Brannon Denning
Publisher: Aspen Publishing
ISBN: 1454858230
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 445
Book Description
Glannon Guide to Constitutional Law: Individual Rights and Liberties is a concise, clear, and effective review of Individual Rights and Liberties topics in Constitutional Law that is organized around multiple-choice questions. Brief explanatory text about a topic is followed by one or two multiple-choice questions. After each question, the author explains how the correct choice was identified thereby helping the student to review course content and at the same time learn how to analyze exam questions. Following the proven Glannon Guide format, this concise paperback: Integrates multiple-choice questions into a full-fledged review of a Constitutional Law/Individual Rights and Liberties course. Prepares students with an initial discussion of law to learn effectively from subsequent questions in the text. Provides clear explanations of correct and incorrect answers that help to clarify nuances in the law. Presents sophisticated but fair multiple-choice questions that are neither too difficult nor unrealistically straightforward. Is valuable to all students regardless of whether they will be tested by multiple-choice or essay questions on their exams. Embodies a far more user-friendly and interactive approach than other exam preparation aids. Illustrates a sophisticated problem in the area under discussion with a more challenging final question in each chapter (the "Closer" ). Provide practice and helpful review of concepts in earlier chapters with "Closing Closer" questions in the last chapter. Intersperses valuable exam-taking pointers throughout the text.
Publisher: Aspen Publishing
ISBN: 1454858230
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 445
Book Description
Glannon Guide to Constitutional Law: Individual Rights and Liberties is a concise, clear, and effective review of Individual Rights and Liberties topics in Constitutional Law that is organized around multiple-choice questions. Brief explanatory text about a topic is followed by one or two multiple-choice questions. After each question, the author explains how the correct choice was identified thereby helping the student to review course content and at the same time learn how to analyze exam questions. Following the proven Glannon Guide format, this concise paperback: Integrates multiple-choice questions into a full-fledged review of a Constitutional Law/Individual Rights and Liberties course. Prepares students with an initial discussion of law to learn effectively from subsequent questions in the text. Provides clear explanations of correct and incorrect answers that help to clarify nuances in the law. Presents sophisticated but fair multiple-choice questions that are neither too difficult nor unrealistically straightforward. Is valuable to all students regardless of whether they will be tested by multiple-choice or essay questions on their exams. Embodies a far more user-friendly and interactive approach than other exam preparation aids. Illustrates a sophisticated problem in the area under discussion with a more challenging final question in each chapter (the "Closer" ). Provide practice and helpful review of concepts in earlier chapters with "Closing Closer" questions in the last chapter. Intersperses valuable exam-taking pointers throughout the text.
Glannon Guide to Constitutional Law
Author: Brannon P. Denning
Publisher: Aspen Publishing
ISBN: 1543806988
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 730
Book Description
Law school classroom lectures can leave you with a lot of questions. Glannon Guides can help you better understand your classroom lecture with straightforward explanations of tough concepts with hypos that help you understand their application. The Glannon Guide is your proven partner throughout the semester when you need a supplement to (or substitute for) classroom lecture. Here’s why you need to use Glannon Guides to help you better understand what is being taught in the classroom: It mirrors the classroom experience by teaching through explanation, interspersed with hypotheticals to illustrate application. Both correct and incorrect answers are explained; you learn why a solution does or does not work. Glannon Guides provide straightforward explanations of complex legal concepts, often in a humorous style that makes material stick. The Glannon Guide to Constitutional Law: Powers and Liberties offers a powerful combination of well-written explanations, multiple-choice questions, and analyses. Brannon P. Denning presents a clear and thoughtful overview of the constitutional doctrines that govern the structure and powers granted in the U.S. Constitution, as well as those that protect individual rights and liberties. Accessible and interactive, the Glannon Guide series pedagogy teaches you to effectively answer exam questions as you review course content. New to the Third Edition: Combined the government structure and powers volume with the rights and liberties volume into one convenient, economical, and easy-to-use aid Updated with recent Supreme Court cases and related questions New flowcharts and tables visually illustrate and clarify complex areas of doctrine New Closing Closers Professors and students will benefit from: Multiple choice questions at varying levels of difficulty, along with detailed explanations of correct and incorrect answers that all students can use to self-test within each chapter Clear, easy-to-understand descriptions of constitutional doctrine, including summaries of all major U.S. Supreme Court cases Two sets of Closing Closers that allow for review following completion of the structure and powers and rights and liberties parts
Publisher: Aspen Publishing
ISBN: 1543806988
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 730
Book Description
Law school classroom lectures can leave you with a lot of questions. Glannon Guides can help you better understand your classroom lecture with straightforward explanations of tough concepts with hypos that help you understand their application. The Glannon Guide is your proven partner throughout the semester when you need a supplement to (or substitute for) classroom lecture. Here’s why you need to use Glannon Guides to help you better understand what is being taught in the classroom: It mirrors the classroom experience by teaching through explanation, interspersed with hypotheticals to illustrate application. Both correct and incorrect answers are explained; you learn why a solution does or does not work. Glannon Guides provide straightforward explanations of complex legal concepts, often in a humorous style that makes material stick. The Glannon Guide to Constitutional Law: Powers and Liberties offers a powerful combination of well-written explanations, multiple-choice questions, and analyses. Brannon P. Denning presents a clear and thoughtful overview of the constitutional doctrines that govern the structure and powers granted in the U.S. Constitution, as well as those that protect individual rights and liberties. Accessible and interactive, the Glannon Guide series pedagogy teaches you to effectively answer exam questions as you review course content. New to the Third Edition: Combined the government structure and powers volume with the rights and liberties volume into one convenient, economical, and easy-to-use aid Updated with recent Supreme Court cases and related questions New flowcharts and tables visually illustrate and clarify complex areas of doctrine New Closing Closers Professors and students will benefit from: Multiple choice questions at varying levels of difficulty, along with detailed explanations of correct and incorrect answers that all students can use to self-test within each chapter Clear, easy-to-understand descriptions of constitutional doctrine, including summaries of all major U.S. Supreme Court cases Two sets of Closing Closers that allow for review following completion of the structure and powers and rights and liberties parts
The Glannon Guide to Civil Procedure
Author: Joseph W. Glannon
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781454827467
Category : Civil procedure
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
"A thorough review of first-year Civil Procedure, organized around the theme of multiple-choice questions"--Unedited summary from book cover.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781454827467
Category : Civil procedure
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
"A thorough review of first-year Civil Procedure, organized around the theme of multiple-choice questions"--Unedited summary from book cover.
Constitutional Law
Author: Kevin Saunders
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199916268
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 217
Book Description
For the first time, Oxford University Press equips students with an accessible guide to exercising their understanding of the fundamental law of the United States on law school exams. In Constitutional Law: Model Problems and Outstanding Answers, Kevin Saunders and Michael Lawrence help students demonstrate their knowledge of constitutional law in the structured and sophisticated manner that professors expect on law school exams.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199916268
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 217
Book Description
For the first time, Oxford University Press equips students with an accessible guide to exercising their understanding of the fundamental law of the United States on law school exams. In Constitutional Law: Model Problems and Outstanding Answers, Kevin Saunders and Michael Lawrence help students demonstrate their knowledge of constitutional law in the structured and sophisticated manner that professors expect on law school exams.
Glannon Guide to Evidence
Author: Michael Avery
Publisher: Aspen Publishing
ISBN: 145489220X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 236
Book Description
Law school classroom lectures can leave you with a lot of questions. Glannon Guides can help you better understand your classroom lecture with straightforward explanations of tough concepts with hypos that help you understand their application. The Glannon Guide is your proven partner throughout the semester when you need a supplement to (or substitute for) classroom lecture. Here’s why you need to use Glannon Guides to help you better understand what is being taught in the classroom: It mirrors the classroom experience by teaching through explanation, interspersed with hypotheticals to illustrate application. Both correct and incorrect answers are explained; you learn why a solution does or does not work. Glannon Guides provide straightforward explanations of complex legal concepts, often in a humorous style that makes material stick.
Publisher: Aspen Publishing
ISBN: 145489220X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 236
Book Description
Law school classroom lectures can leave you with a lot of questions. Glannon Guides can help you better understand your classroom lecture with straightforward explanations of tough concepts with hypos that help you understand their application. The Glannon Guide is your proven partner throughout the semester when you need a supplement to (or substitute for) classroom lecture. Here’s why you need to use Glannon Guides to help you better understand what is being taught in the classroom: It mirrors the classroom experience by teaching through explanation, interspersed with hypotheticals to illustrate application. Both correct and incorrect answers are explained; you learn why a solution does or does not work. Glannon Guides provide straightforward explanations of complex legal concepts, often in a humorous style that makes material stick.
Constitutional Law in the United States
Author: Robert A. Sedler
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9041190589
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 215
Book Description
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this very useful analysis of constitutional law in the United States provides essential information on the country’s sources of constitutional law, its form of government, and its administrative structure. Lawyers who handle transnational matters will appreciate the clarifications of particular terminology and its application. Throughout the book, the treatment emphasizes the specific points at which constitutional law affects the interpretation of legal rules and procedure. Thorough coverage by a local expert fully describes the political system, the historical background, the role of treaties, legislation, jurisprudence, and administrative regulations. The discussion of the form and structure of government outlines its legal status, the jurisdiction and workings of the central state organs, the subdivisions of the state, its decentralized authorities, and concepts of citizenship. Special issues include the legal position of aliens, foreign relations, taxing and spending powers, emergency laws, the power of the military, and the constitutional relationship between church and state. Details are presented in such a way that readers who are unfamiliar with specific terms and concepts in varying contexts will fully grasp their meaning and significance. Its succinct yet scholarly nature, as well as the practical quality of the information it provides, make this book a valuable time-saving tool for both practising and academic jurists. Lawyers representing parties with interests in the United States will welcome this guide, and academics and researchers will appreciate its value in the study of comparative constitutional law.
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9041190589
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 215
Book Description
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this very useful analysis of constitutional law in the United States provides essential information on the country’s sources of constitutional law, its form of government, and its administrative structure. Lawyers who handle transnational matters will appreciate the clarifications of particular terminology and its application. Throughout the book, the treatment emphasizes the specific points at which constitutional law affects the interpretation of legal rules and procedure. Thorough coverage by a local expert fully describes the political system, the historical background, the role of treaties, legislation, jurisprudence, and administrative regulations. The discussion of the form and structure of government outlines its legal status, the jurisdiction and workings of the central state organs, the subdivisions of the state, its decentralized authorities, and concepts of citizenship. Special issues include the legal position of aliens, foreign relations, taxing and spending powers, emergency laws, the power of the military, and the constitutional relationship between church and state. Details are presented in such a way that readers who are unfamiliar with specific terms and concepts in varying contexts will fully grasp their meaning and significance. Its succinct yet scholarly nature, as well as the practical quality of the information it provides, make this book a valuable time-saving tool for both practising and academic jurists. Lawyers representing parties with interests in the United States will welcome this guide, and academics and researchers will appreciate its value in the study of comparative constitutional law.
The Glannon Guide to Torts
Author: Richard L. Hasen
Publisher: Aspen Publishers
ISBN: 9781454846888
Category : Torts
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
The proven Glannon Guide is a user-friendly study aid to use throughout the semester as a great supplement to (or substitute for) classroom lecture. Topics are broken down into manageable pieces and are explained in a conversational tone. Chapters are interspersed with hypotheticals like those posed in the classroom that include analysis of answers to ensure thorough understanding. Additionally, The Closer questions pose sophisticated hypotheticals at the end of each chapter to present cumulative review of earlier topics. More like classroom experiences, the Glannon Guide provides you with straightforward explanations of complex legal concepts, often in a humorous style that makes the material stick. The user-friendly Glannon Guide is your proven partner throughout the semester when you need a supplement to (or substitute for) classroom lecture. The material is broken into small, manageable pieces to help you master concepts. Multiple-choice questions are interspersed throughout each chapter (not lumped at the end) to mirror the flow of a classroom lecture. Correct and incorrect answers are carefully explained; you learn why they do or do not work. You can rely on authority; the series was created by Joseph W. Glannon Harvard-educated, best-selling author of, among other legal texts, Examples & Explanations; Civil Procedure, now in its sixth edition. The Closer poses a sophisticated problem question at the end of each chapter to test your comprehension. A final Closing Closer provides you practice opportunity as well as a cumulative review of all the concepts from earlier chapters. You can check your understanding each step of the way. More like classroom experiences, these Guides provide straightforward explanations of complex legal concepts, often in a humorous style that makes the material stick.
Publisher: Aspen Publishers
ISBN: 9781454846888
Category : Torts
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
The proven Glannon Guide is a user-friendly study aid to use throughout the semester as a great supplement to (or substitute for) classroom lecture. Topics are broken down into manageable pieces and are explained in a conversational tone. Chapters are interspersed with hypotheticals like those posed in the classroom that include analysis of answers to ensure thorough understanding. Additionally, The Closer questions pose sophisticated hypotheticals at the end of each chapter to present cumulative review of earlier topics. More like classroom experiences, the Glannon Guide provides you with straightforward explanations of complex legal concepts, often in a humorous style that makes the material stick. The user-friendly Glannon Guide is your proven partner throughout the semester when you need a supplement to (or substitute for) classroom lecture. The material is broken into small, manageable pieces to help you master concepts. Multiple-choice questions are interspersed throughout each chapter (not lumped at the end) to mirror the flow of a classroom lecture. Correct and incorrect answers are carefully explained; you learn why they do or do not work. You can rely on authority; the series was created by Joseph W. Glannon Harvard-educated, best-selling author of, among other legal texts, Examples & Explanations; Civil Procedure, now in its sixth edition. The Closer poses a sophisticated problem question at the end of each chapter to test your comprehension. A final Closing Closer provides you practice opportunity as well as a cumulative review of all the concepts from earlier chapters. You can check your understanding each step of the way. More like classroom experiences, these Guides provide straightforward explanations of complex legal concepts, often in a humorous style that makes the material stick.
An Introduction to the American Legal System, Government, and Constitutional Law
Author: Diane S. Kaplan
Publisher: Aspen Publishing
ISBN: 1454870958
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 360
Book Description
This new coursebook introduces students to the relationship among the American constitutional, governmental, and legal systems. With a clear and concise presentation, this book explores historical and contemporary events, judicial opinions, and constitutional provisions that demonstrate how the three systems accommodate social progress in an ever-changing and highly diverse nation. Perfect for LLM courses or even undergraduate classes, this book aims to teach students how to understand constitutional doctrines, brief judicial opinions, and how American history affects contemporary legal issues. Features: Clear and concise presentation and logical organization of material making it an excellent introductory book to the American legal system Inclusion of modern cases on relevant topics, such as same-sex marriage, legalization of marijuana, and homicidal laws affecting juveniles Chapter questions that facilitate basic legal analysis through hypotheticals, opinion briefing, and application of constitutional provisions Inclusion of important historical and political events, such as lawsuits brought against Presidents, congressional impeachment powers, the Electoral College System, the Supreme Court s resolution of voting issues, the Civil War and post Civil War constitutional amendments, the Civil Rights movement, presidential and congressional war powers, and Supreme Court opinions about Guantanamo Bay detainees
Publisher: Aspen Publishing
ISBN: 1454870958
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 360
Book Description
This new coursebook introduces students to the relationship among the American constitutional, governmental, and legal systems. With a clear and concise presentation, this book explores historical and contemporary events, judicial opinions, and constitutional provisions that demonstrate how the three systems accommodate social progress in an ever-changing and highly diverse nation. Perfect for LLM courses or even undergraduate classes, this book aims to teach students how to understand constitutional doctrines, brief judicial opinions, and how American history affects contemporary legal issues. Features: Clear and concise presentation and logical organization of material making it an excellent introductory book to the American legal system Inclusion of modern cases on relevant topics, such as same-sex marriage, legalization of marijuana, and homicidal laws affecting juveniles Chapter questions that facilitate basic legal analysis through hypotheticals, opinion briefing, and application of constitutional provisions Inclusion of important historical and political events, such as lawsuits brought against Presidents, congressional impeachment powers, the Electoral College System, the Supreme Court s resolution of voting issues, the Civil War and post Civil War constitutional amendments, the Civil Rights movement, presidential and congressional war powers, and Supreme Court opinions about Guantanamo Bay detainees
Examples & Explanations for First Amendment
Author: Laura E. Little
Publisher: Aspen Publishing
ISBN: 1543822290
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 471
Book Description
Award-winning teacher and respected author of several volumes, Professor Laura Little has written a new book on the First Amendment. Following the proven Examples and Explanations format, the book covers all of the amendment’s major topics – with emphasis on speech and religion. Professor Little presents hypothetical examples that range from simple and straightforward to complex and rich. As a result, students using the book can acquire both basic and advanced knowledge of First Amendment doctrine. Equally important, this approach allows students the opportunity to practice their skill of marshalling arguments on many sides of contested legal issues. With its short chapters, the book is an exceptionally useful complement to any of the available casebooks in the field. Highlights of this E&E study aid (first edition): Professor Little brings her characteristically clear writing style and constitutional law expertise to the subject. The book’s organization enables students to choose the particular topics they need to study and that match the coverage of their course. The topics covered include a comprehensive review of the most recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions on speech, association, and religion as well as cutting edge issues raised by current events, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The concise explication of legal doctrine (and its uncertainties) ensure a baseline of student understanding and maximizes accessibility to difficult, abstract concepts. The book’s balance between simple and complex hypotheticals serves an array of student needs. While providing deep coverage of abstract concepts, the book includes many practical introductions to law practice reality. Professor Little has not only established her reputation as a constitutional scholar, but also comes to the subject with experience as a practicing First Amendment lawyer for the media. Professors and students will benefit from: Adaptable organization allows the book to complement any casebook. Figures, examples, explanations, and varying difficulty in the presented material ensure that the book will serve the needs of a variety of users and will appeal to different learning styles. Balance between theoretical and practical materials enables broad understanding.
Publisher: Aspen Publishing
ISBN: 1543822290
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 471
Book Description
Award-winning teacher and respected author of several volumes, Professor Laura Little has written a new book on the First Amendment. Following the proven Examples and Explanations format, the book covers all of the amendment’s major topics – with emphasis on speech and religion. Professor Little presents hypothetical examples that range from simple and straightforward to complex and rich. As a result, students using the book can acquire both basic and advanced knowledge of First Amendment doctrine. Equally important, this approach allows students the opportunity to practice their skill of marshalling arguments on many sides of contested legal issues. With its short chapters, the book is an exceptionally useful complement to any of the available casebooks in the field. Highlights of this E&E study aid (first edition): Professor Little brings her characteristically clear writing style and constitutional law expertise to the subject. The book’s organization enables students to choose the particular topics they need to study and that match the coverage of their course. The topics covered include a comprehensive review of the most recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions on speech, association, and religion as well as cutting edge issues raised by current events, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The concise explication of legal doctrine (and its uncertainties) ensure a baseline of student understanding and maximizes accessibility to difficult, abstract concepts. The book’s balance between simple and complex hypotheticals serves an array of student needs. While providing deep coverage of abstract concepts, the book includes many practical introductions to law practice reality. Professor Little has not only established her reputation as a constitutional scholar, but also comes to the subject with experience as a practicing First Amendment lawyer for the media. Professors and students will benefit from: Adaptable organization allows the book to complement any casebook. Figures, examples, explanations, and varying difficulty in the presented material ensure that the book will serve the needs of a variety of users and will appeal to different learning styles. Balance between theoretical and practical materials enables broad understanding.
Illustrated Guide to Civil Procedure
Author: Michael Finch
Publisher: Aspen Publishing
ISBN: 154381705X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 536
Book Description
An Illustrated Guide to Civil Procedureis a student-friendly and problem-based introduction to how the federal rules operate in the context of a realistic age discrimination case. Students work with the Rules as the case carries them from client intake to trial, all the way to a resolution of the case. They shadow the attorneys and actively participate by making strategic and tactical decisions, and by reviewing and critiquing complaints, answers, motions, and discovery pleas. Truly an illustrated guide to Civil Procedure, this companion supplement is a great asset to all Civil Procedure courses, whether they begin with jurisdiction or the rules of pleading. New to the Fourth Edition: Updates reflecting all changes to the FRCP, including: Amendments that change the time periods within which most actions under the Rules need to be taken Provisions that address issues related to the discovery of electronic information Amendments concerning summary judgment and discovery related to expert witnesses Professors and students will benefit from: A book designed to be either used in-class as a required text or out-of-class as a useful reference Exploration of the procedural rules covered in a one or two-semester course Notes, questions, exercises, tactical and drafting tips, maps, and illustrations contribute to a dynamic learning environment Questions that Students are repeatedly assessed through questions requiring application of procedural rules to the hypothetical suit. Flexible organization that adapts to a variety of syllabi and comprehensive Teacher’s Manual Teaching materials include: Teacher’s Manual In addition to those questions contained in the Guide, the authors make available an extensive set of test questions, answers, and explanations that teachers can use throughout the semester.
Publisher: Aspen Publishing
ISBN: 154381705X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 536
Book Description
An Illustrated Guide to Civil Procedureis a student-friendly and problem-based introduction to how the federal rules operate in the context of a realistic age discrimination case. Students work with the Rules as the case carries them from client intake to trial, all the way to a resolution of the case. They shadow the attorneys and actively participate by making strategic and tactical decisions, and by reviewing and critiquing complaints, answers, motions, and discovery pleas. Truly an illustrated guide to Civil Procedure, this companion supplement is a great asset to all Civil Procedure courses, whether they begin with jurisdiction or the rules of pleading. New to the Fourth Edition: Updates reflecting all changes to the FRCP, including: Amendments that change the time periods within which most actions under the Rules need to be taken Provisions that address issues related to the discovery of electronic information Amendments concerning summary judgment and discovery related to expert witnesses Professors and students will benefit from: A book designed to be either used in-class as a required text or out-of-class as a useful reference Exploration of the procedural rules covered in a one or two-semester course Notes, questions, exercises, tactical and drafting tips, maps, and illustrations contribute to a dynamic learning environment Questions that Students are repeatedly assessed through questions requiring application of procedural rules to the hypothetical suit. Flexible organization that adapts to a variety of syllabi and comprehensive Teacher’s Manual Teaching materials include: Teacher’s Manual In addition to those questions contained in the Guide, the authors make available an extensive set of test questions, answers, and explanations that teachers can use throughout the semester.