Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Apple Scab (Venturia Inaequalis) in Apple (Malus X Domestica Borkh.) PDF Download
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Author: Ramsey Maharaj Publisher: ISBN: Category : Biochemical genetics Languages : en Pages : 254
Book Description
Amongst the many problems facing the apple industry, apple scab is one of the most challenging experienced by producers. This disease is caused by Venturia inaequalis, which causes lesions to develop on both the fruit and leaves. The fungus is usually controlled by extensive use of sprays, but molecular genetics have made more environmentally friendly techniques available. This study was aimed at constructing a genetic linkage map from apple, which would be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS).
Author: Ramsey Maharaj Publisher: ISBN: Category : Biochemical genetics Languages : en Pages : 254
Book Description
Amongst the many problems facing the apple industry, apple scab is one of the most challenging experienced by producers. This disease is caused by Venturia inaequalis, which causes lesions to develop on both the fruit and leaves. The fungus is usually controlled by extensive use of sprays, but molecular genetics have made more environmentally friendly techniques available. This study was aimed at constructing a genetic linkage map from apple, which would be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS).
Book Description
One of the objectives of the HortResearch apple breeders is to develop new high quality apple cultivars with red flesh Previous studies identified a candidate gene controlling red colour in apple, MdMYB10, and led to the development of a molecular marker, Nzsnp_MdMYB10, within this gene. This present study maps the location of the red flesh gene on the apple genome, using a set of published microsatellites and Nzsnp_MdMYB10. We show the red flesh gene MdMYB10 is located on linkage group 9.Another objective of HortResearch is to develop disease resistant cultivars to decrease the use of pesticide. Apple scab is the major apple disease worldwide and is caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G,Winter. Several resistance genes are already known and used ; but some of them, for example Vf, have been circumvented by new V,inaequalis races. There is a need for durable scab resistance with new genes and the accession 'Dolgo' represented a new unused source of resistance to apple scab. This study maps the location of the gene Vdolgo on the apple genome using a whole genome scan approach. We show Vdolgo is located on the linkage group 2 in a region rich in apple scab resistance genes (i.e. Vr, Vbj, Vh2, Vh4, Vh8).
Author: Wendy Hinemoana Kearns Publisher: ISBN: Category : Apple scab Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
"Apple scab (or black spot), caused by the fungal pathogen Venturia inaequalis, is the most important disease of apples (Malus spp.) worldwide and in New Zealand. Fungal plant pathogens cause disease by secreting a variety of effector molecules that interfere with the plant's ability to respond to infection. A subset of effectors can be recognised by plant resistance genes and consequently trigger a resistance response. The durability of plant resistance in the field is dependent on the importance of the recognised effector to the virulence of the pathogen, and whether it can be mutated to evade detection. Thus, understanding the molecular basis of V. inaequalis pathogenicity is paramount to the development of long-term genetic resistance. To this end, the functions of four V. inaequalis candidate effector genes were investigated in this thesis. These are: ViEcp6, an orthologue to a characterised effector in Cladesporium fulvum; AvrRvi4,5, identified from a protein filtrate which elicits a hypersensitive response on apple hosts h(4) and h(5); and Vice12 and Vice16, identified from a comparative analysis between in planta and in vitro EST libraries. Expression profiles of these genes during an infection time-course were measured using real time reverse transcriptase PCR. ViEcp6 transcription was highly and constitutively upregulated in planta versus in vitro; AvrRvi4,5 transcription correlated with cuticle penetration but was not upregulated in planta; Vice12 transcription was constitutively upregulated in planta; Vice16 transcription was upregulated in planta and correlated with initiation of stromata growth and sporulation. Knock-down vectors were constructed and transformants for all genes but AvrRvi4,5, analysed. Silencing of ViEcp6 and Vice16 resulted in reduced virulence in comparison to wildtype controls. Conversely, upregulation of Vice12 transcription resulted in reduced pathogenicity. In vitro phenotypes of all transformants were indistinguishable from the wildtype. Bioinformatic analysis of Vice12 using a gene prediction from the latest genome assembly suggests this protein is involved in ribosomal trafficking, and is therefore unlikely to be an effector. ViEcp6 and Vice16 are considered to be promising effector candidates on which further analysis of protein function should be undertaken"--Abstract.
Author: Sophia Wentkowski Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The most environmentally friendly and consumer-safe approach to controlling apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. ) is the utilisation of scab-resistant cultivars (Koch et al., 1999). Yet, the persisting resistance-breakthroughs and increased bio-fungicide resistance throughout the years in apple orchards, both in Northwestern Switzerland and the Lake Constance region in Germany, have piqued the interest to investigate the regional pathogen's spectrum itself. Through a series of methodologically diverse experiments, including detached leaf assays, differential malus set trials, fungicide efficacy assessments, and High-Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis, the project aims to dissect the complex interactions between the pathogen and susceptible or resistant apple cultivar varieties. The genetic structure of six Venturia inaequalis populations, two in Switzerland and four in Germany, were investigated for the first time using seven microsatellite markers. From the HRM analysis 43 single spore isolates and 23 genotypes could be identified by analysing the melt peak temperatures using GenAlEx. This analysis correlated with melting curve profiles, with certain populations displaying unique genotype distributions. The AMOVA provides a deeper genetic understanding, revealing a high genetic variation within populations (91%) and between different populations (5%) and regions (4%). The PCoA grouped the isolates into four higher-level populations. The fungicide efficacy assessment brings to light the significant variability in responses to bio-fungicides of copper and sulfur among seven isolates. Distinct isolates demonstrate higher sensitivity to higher concentrated treatments, while others exhibit fluctuating responses, suggesting the presence of resistant subpopulations and isolate-specific characteristics. The detached leaf assays and differential set trials reveal difficulties in maintaining viable cultures and cultivars, emphasizing the need for refined methodologies. Despite the methodological challenges and the inability to conclusively correlate phenotypic variability with genetic diversity, the thesis lays foundational knowledge of improved methodologies and provides valuable insights. The findings presented serve as a valuable foundation for future research endeavours and the development of more effective and targeted scab management strategies.
Author: Schuyler S. Korban Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030746828 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 412
Book Description
This book covers information on the economics; botany, taxonomy, and origin; germplasm resources; cytogenetics and nuclear DNA; genetic improvement efforts of scion cultivars; genetic and genomic improvement efforts of rootstocks; genetic and physical mapping; genomic resources; genome and epigenome; regulatory sequences; utility of whole-genome sequencing and gene editing in trait dissection; flowering and juvenility; cold hardiness and dormancy; fruit color development; fruit acidity and sugar content; metabolomics; biology and genomics of the microbiome; apple domestication; as well as other ‘omics’ opportunities and challenges for genetic improvement of the apple. The cultivated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is one of the most important tree fruit crops of temperate regions of the world. It is widely cultivated and grown in North America, Europe, and Asia. The apple fruit is a highly desirable fruit due to its flavor, sugar and acid content, metabolites, aroma, as well as its overall texture and palatability. Furthermore, it is a rich source of important nutrients, including antioxidants, vitamins, and dietary fiber.
Author: William E. MacHardy Publisher: American Phytopathological Society ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 576
Book Description
Using stunning computer animation blended with real-life in-field footage, this educational video impressively illustrates the life cycle of the apple scab fungus Venturia inaequalis. Students and extension audiences will gain a clear understanding of the development and epidemiological spread of this disease and how it can be controlled using integrated pest management (IPM) practices. Apple Scab Venturia inaequalis is an authoritative presentation of a disease that is found in most of the world's apple-growing regions.This video is dedicated to Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. Günter Martin Hoffmann (1923-2013), one of the fathers of Integrated Pest Management. He was a full professor of plant pathology at the Technical University of Munich-Weihenstephan, Germany. His research and teaching focused on the epidemiology of fungal pathogens of major crops and their integrated control by developing several IPM prognosis models. Professor Hoffmann was an enthusiastic apple grower.PowerPoint Lets You Add Specific Video Segments to Your Lectures and Talks from the Video Using: Video TrimFull length videos can be trimmed for use in PowerPoint presentations. Trim this video to highlight specific sections for classroom demonstrations or use the full video to build an entire lecture.This video was produced by STUMM-FILM media, our award-winning partner in Ludwigsburg, Germany.
Author: Ramsey Maharaj
Author: Ramsey Maharaj
Author: Céline Blond
Author: Jyothi Prakash Bolar
Author: Wendy Hinemoana Kearns
Author: Sophia Wentkowski
Author: Schuyler S. Korban
Author: William E. MacHardy
Author: Anastassia Boudichevskaia
Author: Robert Xaver Liebhard
Author: A. Bergamini