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Author: Nicola Schoenenberger Publisher: Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG ISBN: 9783838105109 Category : Languages : de Pages : 108
Book Description
Hybridisation and introgression from crops to wild relatives is a key issue in risk assessment. These dynamics between wheat and tetraploid Aegilops L. species were investigated by experiments in natural conditions or in the greenhouse, and by genetic analyses. DNA fragments from different wheat genome areas were tracked along introgression lines with Aegilops cylindrica Host, demonstrating that transgene flow might occur significantly in a scenario of wide cultivation of GM wheat. Insertion of transgenes in unshared genomes between the species would not necessarily prevent functional gene escape into wild grasses. In order to describe crop-weed dynamics in agroecosystems and to quantify inheritance of transgenes, we assessed fertility of the hybrid progeny, pollination distances, molecular and chromosome constitution, and transgene expression. The study then assesses population genetic structure of wild Ae. cylindrica over two continents, revealing a low genetic diversity within the species. The last chapter describes early generation introgression between wheat and Aegilops geniculata Roth, the most widespread and frequent Aegilops species in the Mediterranean area.
Author: Nicola Schoenenberger Publisher: Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG ISBN: 9783838105109 Category : Languages : de Pages : 108
Book Description
Hybridisation and introgression from crops to wild relatives is a key issue in risk assessment. These dynamics between wheat and tetraploid Aegilops L. species were investigated by experiments in natural conditions or in the greenhouse, and by genetic analyses. DNA fragments from different wheat genome areas were tracked along introgression lines with Aegilops cylindrica Host, demonstrating that transgene flow might occur significantly in a scenario of wide cultivation of GM wheat. Insertion of transgenes in unshared genomes between the species would not necessarily prevent functional gene escape into wild grasses. In order to describe crop-weed dynamics in agroecosystems and to quantify inheritance of transgenes, we assessed fertility of the hybrid progeny, pollination distances, molecular and chromosome constitution, and transgene expression. The study then assesses population genetic structure of wild Ae. cylindrica over two continents, revealing a low genetic diversity within the species. The last chapter describes early generation introgression between wheat and Aegilops geniculata Roth, the most widespread and frequent Aegilops species in the Mediterranean area.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Genetic and ecological aspects of gene flow from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Aegilops L. species Hybridisation and introgression from crops to wild relatives is a key issue in risk assessment. In the present study, hybridisation and introgression dynamics from hexaploid wheat (2n=42) to tetraploid Aegilops species (2n=28) were investigated by experiments in natural conditions or in the greenhouse, and by genetic analyses. In order to study crop-weed hybridisation as a function of distance, a field trial was set up where Ae. cylindrica was planted in plots at 0, 1, 5, 10 and 25m from a wheat field. In the progeny (14045 seeds sown) we detected hybrids up to 1m from the wheat field. Wheat-specific RAPD fragments were found in Ae. cylindrica x T. aestivum hybrids and BC1 plants. Using a set of Chinese Spring nulli-tetrasomic wheat lines, we were able to assign DNA fragments to wheat chromosomes. Introgressed wheat-specific markers were localised on the three genomes (A, B and D). Some of these markers were transformed into easy-to-use Sequence Characterised Amplified Regions (SCARs), and used to characterise an introgressive series. Ae. cylindrica x GM-wheat hybrids, BC1 and BC1S1 (self-fertilised first backcrosses) were manually produced, in order to study inheritance of transgenes. Female fertility of the hybrids was 0.03-0.6%, BC1 plants had 30-84 chromosomes and displayed highly irregular meioses, their self fertility ranged from 0 to 5.21 %. BC1S1 plants had 28-43 chromosomes and some of them recovered full fertility. One BC1S1 individual contained the bar gene issued from its transgenic wheat progenitor and survived herbicide treatment. A RAPD-based population genetics study was carried out in natural Ae. cylindrica populations, most of them from adventive locations in Switzerland, Italy and the USA. Genetic diversity was low and most of the variance resided among populations. Italian populations from the Aosta valley and a Swiss population were similar or id.
Author: Meike S. Andersson Publisher: JHU Press ISBN: 0801893143 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 605
Book Description
Reviewing the relevant scientific and technical literature, this work summarizes the current state-of-the-art knowledge related to gene flow and introgression (the permanent incorporation of genetic information from one set of differentiated populations into another) between genetically modified crops and their wild relatives. They analyze the biological framework for protecting the genetic integrity of indigenous wild relatives of crops in centers of crop origin and diversity, focusing on the issues of emission, dispersal, and deposition of pollen and/or seed; the likelihood and extent of gene flow from crops to wild relatives; and stabilization and the spread of traits in wild species. The material is organized into crop chapters, each of which covers general biological information of the crop; the most important crop wild relatives together with information about their ploidy levels, diverse genomes, centers of origin, and geographic distribution; the crop's potential for hybridization with its wild relatives; pollen flow studies related to pollen dispersal distances and hybridization rates; the current state of the genetic modification technology regarding that crop; and research gaps. The crop chapters discuss banana and plantain; barley; canola and oilseed rape; cassava, manioc, and yucca; chickpea; common bean; cotton; cowpea; finger millet; maize and corn; oat; peanut and groundnut; pearl millet; pigeonpea; potato; rice; sorghum; soybean; sweet potato, batata, and camote; and wheat and bread wheat.
Author: Rudi Appels Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031382943 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 328
Book Description
This open access book provides the first comprehensive coverage of the wheat genome sequence since the publication of the draft and reference sequences for bread wheat and durum wheat. It presents an overview and all aspects of the gold standard sequence of the bread wheat genome, IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 and its subsequent improvements through 2022 (IWGSC RefSeq v2.1), as well as the sequencing of multiple elite wheat varieties, durum wheat, and ancient wheat. The book provides a broad and extensive review of the resources, tools, and methodologies available for exploiting the wheat genome sequence for crop improvement and studying fundamental questions related to the structure, function, and evolution of the wheat genome. Wheat (Tritcum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown crop in the world, contributing approximately 20 percent of total calories and more protein in human diets than any other single source. This book is useful to students, teachers, and scientists in academia and industry interested in gaining an understanding of the wheat genome and its application as well as plant scientists generally interested in polyploid plant species.
Author: Robert J. Redden Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118854276 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 395
Book Description
Two major challenges to continued global food security are the ever increasing demand for food products, and the unprecedented abiotic stresses that crops face due to climate change.Wild relatives of domesticated crops serve as a reservoir of genetic material, with the potential to be used to develop new, improved varieties of crops. Crop Wild Relative and Climate Change integrates crop evolution, breeding technologies and biotechnologies, improved practices and sustainable approaches while exploring the role wild relatives could play in increasing agricultural output. Crop Wild Relative and Climate Change begins with overviews of the impacts of climate change on growing environments and the challenges that agricultural production face in coming years and decades. Chapters then explore crop evolution and the potential for crop wild relatives to contribute novel genetic resources to the breeding of more resilient and productive crops. Breeding technologies and biotechnological advances that are being used to incorporate key genetic traits of wild relatives into crop varieties are also covered. There is also a valuable discussion on the importance of conserving genetic resources to ensure continued successful crop production. A timely resource, Crop Wild Relative and Climate Change will be an invaluable resource for the crop science community for years to come.
Author: Peter Shewry Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889639797 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 217
Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author: Marcelo Larramendy Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9533079754 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 626
Book Description
The content selected in Herbicides, Theory and Applications is intended to provide researchers, producers and consumers of herbicides an overview of the latest scientific achievements. Although we are dealing with many diverse and different topics, we have tried to compile this "raw material" into three major sections in search of clarity and order - Weed Control and Crop Management, Analytical Techniques of Herbicide Detection and Herbicide Toxicity and Further Applications. The editors hope that this book will continue to meet the expectations and needs of all interested in the methodology of use of herbicides, weed control as well as problems related to its use, abuse and misuse.
Author: Nicola Schoenenberger
Author: Nicola Schoenenberger
Author: Nicola Schoenenberger
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Author: Meike S. Andersson
Author: Rudi Appels
Author: Robert J. Redden
Author: Peter Shewry
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Author: Marcelo Larramendy
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