Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Hyperpolarized 129Xe PDF Download

Author: Agilo Luitger Kern
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : de
Pages :

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Author: Nikhil B. E. Kanhere
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 190

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Spirometry and plethysmography provide gold standard measurements of obstructive lung disease, although these are global measurements of lung function made at the mouth, of a highly regionally heterogeneous disease. Hyperpolarized 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive, non-radiation-based imaging tool for visualizing regional lung structure and function. However, the reproducibility of 129Xe MRI measurements has not yet been studied or determined. Hence, in this thesis, we evaluated the reproducibility of 129Xe MRI using quantitative measurements such as ventilation defect percent (VDP). We showed that 129Xe VDP had high intra-observer and inter-observer reproducibility for repeated scans acquired on the same-day and after 1-week and its reproducibility was comparable to that of 3He VDP. 129Xe VDP showed strong and significant correlations with pulmonary function tests. These results suggested that 129Xe VDP is reproducible over short periods of time and can be a reliable measurement to study pulmonary function in imaging studies.

Author: Mitchell S. Albert
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128037040
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 334

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Hyperpolarized and Inert Gas MRI: Theory and Applications in Research and Medicine is the first comprehensive volume published on HP gas MRI. Since the 1990's, when HP gas MRI was invented by Dr. Albert and his colleagues, the HP gas MRI field has grown dramatically. The technique has proven to be a useful tool for diagnosis, disease staging, and therapy evaluation for obstructive lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. HP gas MRI has also been developed for functional imaging of the brain and is presently being developed for molecular imaging, including molecules associated with lung cancer, breast cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. Taking into account the ongoing growth of this field and the potential for future clinical applications, the book pulls together the most relevant and cutting-edge research available in HP gas MRI into one resource. - Presents the most comprehensive, relevant, and accurate information on HP gas MRI - Co-edited by the co-inventor of HP gas MRI, Dr. Albert, with chapter authors who are the leading experts in their respective sub-disciplines - Serves as a foundation of understanding of HP gas MRI for researchers and clinicians involved in research, technology development, and clinical use with HP gas MRI - Covers all hyperpolarized gases, including helium, the gas with which the majority of HP gas MRI has been conducted

Author: Brandon Zanette
Publisher:
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Languages : en
Pages :

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Hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the lungs allows for the visualization of the spatial distribution of gas in the pulmonary airspaces upon inhalation by taking advantage of the 100,000 fold increase in signal. This technique yields high quality anatomical and functional images of the lungs that is otherwise difficult with conventional MRI. Direct imaging of lung ventilation is useful for the detection and quantification of obstructive lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, and asthma. An added advantage of 129Xe is its solubility in bodily tissues such as the lung parenchyma and red blood cells, allowing for the detection of signals from beyond the airspaces. This property of 129Xe may be exploited to probe gas exchange upon inhalation, making HP 129Xe MRI a powerful tool for the investigation of terminal airway dysfunction in a variety of pulmonary diseases. However, the inherent challenges associated with dissolved 129Xe MRI has caused development of these techniques to lag ventilation (gas-phase) HP 129Xe MRI. The work in this thesis is focused on the technical development of dissolved 129Xe imaging techniques for use in both human and rodent experiments. A particular focus is given to radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), a serious and debilitating consequence of radiotherapy that affects a subset of patients. A new rat model of RILI that better represents regional injury is developed and tested. Temporally-resolved dissolved 129Xe imaging techniques for gas exchange mapping are developed and applied to the study of RILI in this model. Changes in lung physiology associated with radiation injury are quantified by parametrically mapping gas exchange. Finally, the techniques developed preclinically are modified and improved for clinical use. Parametric gas exchange mapping is demonstrated in humans. Accelerated dissolved 129Xe MRI with parallel imaging is also demonstrated. The results of this work will aid in the translations of dissolved 129Xe MRI into a clinically useful technique for a variety of lung diseases affecting gas exchange in the lungs, such as RILI.

Author: Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354034618X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 315

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During the past decade significant developments have been achieved in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), enabling MRI to enter the clinical arena of chest imaging. Standard protocols can now be implemented on up-to-date scanners, allowing MRI to be used as a first-line imaging modality for various lung diseases, including cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension and even lung cancer. The diagnostic benefits stem from the ability of MRI to visualize changes in lung structure while simultaneously imaging different aspects of lung function, such as perfusion, respiratory motion, ventilation and gas exchange. On this basis, novel quantitative surrogates for lung function can be obtained. This book provides a comprehensive overview of how to use MRI for imaging of lung disease. Special emphasis is placed on benign diseases requiring regular monitoring, given that it is patients with these diseases who derive the greatest benefit from the avoidance of ionizing radiation.

Author: Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319426176
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 519

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This book provides a comprehensive overview of how to use MRI for the imaging of lung disease. Special emphasis is placed on routine applications and the clinical impact of MRI in each setting. In addition, current technological developments are reviewed and information presented on dedicated applications of MRI in preclinical and translational research, clinical trials, and specialized institutions. During the past two decades, significant advances in the technology have enabled MRI to enter and mature in the clinical arena of chest imaging. Standard protocols are now readily available on MR scanners, and MRI is recommended as the first- or second-line imaging modality for a variety of lung diseases, not limited to cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and lung cancer. The benefits and added value of MRI originate from its ability to both visualize lung structure and provide information on different aspects of lung function, such as perfusion, respiratory motion, ventilation, and gas exchange. On this basis, novel quantitative surrogates for lung function and therapy control (imaging biomarkers) are generated. The second edition of MRI of the Lung has been fully updated to take account of recent advances. It is written by an internationally balanced team of renowned authors representing all major groups in the field.

Author: Ozkan Doganay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 302

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Lung cancer is the largest contributor to cancer-related mortality worldwide. Only 20% of stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients survive after 5-years post radiation therapy (RT). Although RT is an important treatment modality for lung cancer, it is limited by Radiation-Induced Lung Injury (RILI). RILI develops in two phases: (i) the early phase (days-weeks) referred to radiation pneumonitis (RP), and (ii) the late phase (months). There is a strong interest in early detection of RP using imaging to improve outcomes of RT for lung cancer. This thesis describes a promising approach based on 129Xe gas as a contrast agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the lung airspace due to the large increase in signal possible by spin exchange optical pumping, or hyperpolarization (Hp). Additionally, 129Xe provides unique functional information due to its relatively high solubility and significant chemical shift in pulmonary tissue (PT) and red blood cell (RBC) compartments. In this thesis, a specialized Hp 129Xe MRI method was developed for detection of gas exchange abnormalities in the lungs associated with thoracic RT. In particular, the feasibility of quantifying the early phase of RILI is demonstrated in a rat model of RILI two weeks post-irradiation with a single fraction dose of 18 Gy. The challenge of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the dissolved phases was addressed in this work by development and construction of a Transmit-Only/Receive-Only radiofrequency coil. Another challenge addressed in the thesis was the lack of imaging techniques that provide sufficient spatial and temporal information for gas exchange. Therefore, a novel Hp 129Xe MRI technique was developed based on the multi-point IDEAL pulse sequence. The combination of these two developments enabled investigation of regional gas exchange changes associated with RP in the rat lung two weeks post-irradiation to assess the feasibility of early detection of RILI. Theoretical analysis of the gas exchange curves enabled measurements of average PT thickness (LPT) increases consistent with histology and relative blood volume (VRBC) reductions in the irradiated animal cohort compared to a non-irradiated cohort, and between irradiated right lungs compared to unirradiated left lungs in the irradiated cohort.

Author: Yoshiharu Ohno
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030435393
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 363

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This book reviews the basics of pulmonary functional imaging using new CT and MR techniques and describes the clinical applications of these techniques in detail. The intention is to equip readers with a full understanding of pulmonary functional imaging that will allow optimal application of all relevant techniques in the assessment of a variety of diseases, including COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer and pulmonary nodule. Pulmonary functional imaging has been promoted as a research and diagnostic tool that has the capability to overcome the limitations of morphological assessments as well as functional evaluation based on traditional nuclear medicine studies. The recent advances in CT and MRI and in medical image processing and analysis have given further impetus to pulmonary functional imaging and provide the basis for future expansion of its use in clinical applications. In documenting the utility of state-of-the-art pulmonary functional imaging in diagnostic radiology and pulmonary medicine, this book will be of high value for chest radiologists, pulmonologists, pulmonary surgeons, and radiation technologists.

Author: Yurii Shepelytskyi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Multinuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently under extensive development. Although conventional proton MRI is mostly known as an anatomical medical imaging modality with an excellent soft tissue contrast, multinuclear MRI proves that MRI can provide researchers and clinicians with information about the internal organs function. This class of MRI techniques relies on imaging different nuclei than protons. A large part of multinuclear MRI includes fluorine-19 (19F) and hyperpolarized (HP) xenon-129 (129Xe) MRI. 19F MRI is used for functional imaging of the lungs, molecular imaging of fluorinated biosensors, cell labeling, and drug metabolism investigation. On the other hand, HP 129Xe can be used for functional brain imaging along with perfusion imaging of the brain and kidneys. This thesis is focused on the development of HP 129Xe Time-of-Flight (TOF) perfusion imaging technique, functional lung imaging using octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB), and colorectal adenocarcinoma resistivity detection to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) using 19F MRI. HP 129Xe TOF pulse sequence is capable to map and measure perfusion quantitively was developed and evaluated in phantoms and healthy volunteers. As a representative application, HP 129Xe TOF perfusion imaging was used to detect hemodynamic response to motor and visual stimuli in healthy brains. The performance of OFCB as a contrast agent has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo and compared to perfluoropropane, which is the most commonly used inhalation agent for 19F lung MRI. Theoretical comparison between both gases was conducted as well. Finally, resistivity detection of human colorectal adenocarcinoma to 5-FU was performed using 19F chemical shift imaging to access chemotherapy retention in the colorectal cancer. This work expands the arsenal of multinuclear MRI techniques with completely new approaches that can be readily applied for the current needs of neurology, pulmonology, and oncology.

Author: Fred A. Mettler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 344

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