Fuels of Opportunity: Characteristics and Uses In Combustion Systems PDF Download

Author: David Tillman
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080532063
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 323

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Book Description
As electricity generators and process industries are increasingly seeking less expensive fuels for the generation of electricity and process heat, there is an ever-increasing industry-led emphasise on exploring the possibility of utilising opportunity fuels. Fuels of Opportunity: Characteristics and Uses In Combustion Systems considers a diverse range of opportunity fuels and their application by addressing the following fundamental issues: What are the specific fuel properties of these opportunity fuels? What are the combustion/conversion characteristics of these fuels fired alone or in combination with conventional fossil fuels? How are they best applied in energy settings? What are the technical and environmental consequences of their use? In considering these fuels the book presents detailed updated information on fuel characterization approaches and fuel utilization technologies. Explores environmental considerations associated with opportunity fuels, such as, how their utilisation of opportunity fuels can reduce airborne emissions Provides professionals in energy generation/energy use industries, a clear definition of fuels of opportunity, evaluates their composition, highlights the modern characteristics, and considers the technologies appropriate for their utilisation in energy applications Offers in-depth analysis of opportunity fuel usage, with a strong concentration on the relationship between the combustion processes and subsequent consequences to the structure, reactivity, and related properties of opportunity fuels

Author: Bruce G. Miller
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080558054
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 521

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Book Description
Design, construct and utilize fuel systems using this comprehensive reference work. Combustion Engineering Issues for Solid Fuel Systems combines modeling, policy/regulation and fuel properties with cutting edge breakthroughs in solid fuel combustion for electricity generation and industrial applications. This book moves beyond theory to provide readers with real-life experiences and tips for addressing the various technical, operational and regulatory issues that are associated with the use of fuels. With the latest information on CFD modeling and emission control technologies, Combustion Engineering Issues for Solid Fuel Systems is the book practicing engineers as well as managers and policy makers have been waiting for. Provides the latest information on CFD modeling and emission control technologies Comprehensive coverage of combustion systems and fuel types Addresses policy and regulatory concerns at a technical level Tackles various technical and operational issues

Author: Mansour Al Qubeissi
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789855357
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 189

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Book Description
Amongst concerns about climate change, energy security decline and depletion of fossil fuels, this book explores the high importance of and interests in alternative energy resources. Many studies have shown that biomass fuels are sustainable, environmentally friendly and can be the most appropriate replacement to the depleting crude oil. Additionally, they can expand green landscapes, create new job opportunities, be directly utilised in standard power systems and improve combustion performance. Biomass fuels can be limited due to production cost and competition with food. Therefore, plant and food wastes play an important role in reducing these costs and recycling dump bio-materials. Production of biofuels from non-food biomass has emerged as a sustainable option to tackle the problems associated with growing demands for energy.

Author: L.Douglas Smoot
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475797214
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 450

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Book Description
The use of coal is required to help satisfy the world's energy needs. Yet coal is a difficult fossil fuel to consume efficiently and cleanly. We believe that its clean and efficient use can be increased through improved technology based on a thorough understanding of fundamental physical and chemical processes that occur during consumption. The principal objective of this book is to provide a current summary of this technology. The past technology for describing and analyzing coal furnaces and combus tors has relied largely on empirical inputs for the complex flow and chemical reactions that occur while more formally treating the heat-transfer effects. GrOWing concern over control of combustion-generated air pollutants revealed a lack of understanding of the relevant fundamental physical and chemical mechanisms. Recent technical advances in computer speed and storage capacity, and in numerical prediction of recirculating turbulent flows, two-phase flows, and flows with chemical reaction have opened new opportunities for describing and modeling such complex combustion systems in greater detail. We believe that most of the requisite component models to permit a more fundamental description of coal combustion processes are available. At the same time there is worldwide interest in the use of coal, and progress in modeling of coal reaction processes has been steady.

Author: Exxon Research and Engineering Company. Government Research Laboratories
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Combustion
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description

Author: Wilfrid Francis
Publisher: Pergamon
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 740

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Book Description
Descripción del editor: "Fuels and Fuel Technology: A Summarized Manual provides concise and accurate summary of existing knowledge and literature concerning fuel technology. The book discusses several kinds of fuels and topics relating to them, such as their properties, theories, composition, types, and classifications. The manual is organized into sections that cover a specific kind of fuel. Section A covers solid fuels, which includes wood, peat, and coal. Section B deals with liquid fuels, such as petroleum oils, diesel fuels, gasoline, and kerosene. Section C discusses gaseous fuels such as natural gas, and Section D tackles alternative energy, which includes wind power, water power, wave power, and solar power. Section E talks about energy planning, while section F covers fuel technology. This book will be of great interest to students and researchers alike who concern themselves with the aspects of different kinds of fuels." (Elsevier).

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 196

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Book Description
This report estimates the potential for opportunity fuel combined heat and power (CHP) applications in the United States, and provides estimates for the technical and economic market potential compared to those included in an earlier report. An opportunity fuel is any type of fuel that is not widely used when compared to traditional fossil fuels. Opportunity fuels primarily consist of biomass fuels, industrial waste products and fossil fuel derivatives. These fuels have the potential to be an economically viable source of power generation in various CHP applications.

Author: John M. Brupbacher
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 35

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Book Description
For tactical systems operating within the atmosphere, ramjet propulsion offers significant advantages over conventional rocket propulsion systems (i.e., those which carry both fuel and oxidizer). The principal advantages -- increased range or greater payload at fixed range -- result from the intrinsic high specific impulse (Isp) associated with ramjets, which only need to carry fuel (the oxidizer being obtained from the atmosphere) for their propulsion.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
The purpose of this program was to develop low-emissions, efficient fuel-flexible combustion technology which enables operation of a given gas turbine on a wider range of opportunity fuels that lie outside of current natural gas-centered fuel specifications. The program encompasses a selection of important, representative fuels of opportunity for gas turbines with widely varying fundamental properties of combustion. The research program covers conceptual and detailed combustor design, fabrication, and testing of retrofitable and/or novel fuel-flexible gas turbine combustor hardware, specifically advanced fuel nozzle technology, at full-scale gas turbine combustor conditions. This project was performed over the period of October 2008 through September 2011 under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-08NT05868 for the U.S. Department of Energy/National Energy Technology Laboratory (USDOE/NETL) entitled "Fuel Flexible Combustion Systems for High-Efficiency Utilization of Opportunity Fuels in Gas Turbines". The overall objective of this program was met with great success. GE was able to successfully demonstrate the operability of two fuel-flexible combustion nozzles over a wide range of opportunity fuels at heavy-duty gas turbine conditions while meeting emissions goals. The GE MS6000B ("6B") gas turbine engine was chosen as the target platform for new fuel-flexible premixer development. Comprehensive conceptual design and analysis of new fuel-flexible premixing nozzles were undertaken. Gas turbine cycle models and detailed flow network models of the combustor provide the premixer conditions (temperature, pressure, pressure drops, velocities, and air flow splits) and illustrate the impact of widely varying fuel flow rates on the combustor. Detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms were employed to compare some fundamental combustion characteristics of the target fuels, including flame speeds and lean blow-out behavior. Perfectly premixed combustion experiments were conducted to provide experimental combustion data of our target fuels at gas turbine conditions. Based on an initial assessment of premixer design requirements and challenges, the most promising sub-scale premixer concepts were evaluated both experimentally and computationally. After comprehensive screening tests, two best performing concepts were scaled up for further development. High pressure single nozzle tests were performed with the scaled premixer concepts at target gas turbine conditions with opportunity fuels. Single-digit NOx emissions were demonstrated for syngas fuels. Plasma-assisted pilot technology was demonstrated to enhance ignition capability and provide additional flame stability margin to a standard premixing fuel nozzle. However, the impact of plasma on NOx emissions was observed to be unacceptable given the goals of this program and difficult to avoid.

Author: E. M. Goodger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 456

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Book Description
Transport is fundamental for today's lifestyles. Speed and reliability demand powered propulsion, which is why suitable fuels are so vital. This volume contains preliminary reviews of the basic sciences, followed by in-depth discussions of the sources, processing, properties, handling, combustion performance, and emissions of both conventional and alternative fuel types. It concludes with a reasoned assessment of transport prospects for the future. 8 Chapters Cover: **Hydrocarbon Chemistry**--outlines the configurations of the various groups of hydrocarbon molecules, illustrating the structural bonding involved and demonstrating the influence of these factors on fuel properties and reactions. **Engineering Thermodynamics**--details the construction of cyclic processes that can be followed by gases in order to accept heat and then convert a substantial proportion of it to mechanical work. **Combustion Principles**--examines the principles underpinning combustion processes and the concept of flammability. **Conventional Fuels**--discusses conventional fuels such as gasoline for spark-ignition piston engines; kerosine for gas turbine engines in large aircraft; gas oil for high-speed compression ignition piston engines; diesel fuel and residual fuel for low-speed compression-ignition engines in ships and for the generation of electrical power; and coal in regard to its use in power stations and its potential for conversion to liquids. **Combustion Performance**--draws together the main features of the first three basic chapters by illustrating the combustion performance of fuels burnt in heat engines. **Alternative Fuels**--examines the remaining lifetimes of the major hydrocarbon sources, such as petroleum, natural gas and coal. It also outlines the manufacture, properties, and performance of various alternative fuels. **Overview of Conventional Fuels**--provides a review of the conventional fuels used in various sectors of light vehicle transport, motor racing, aerospace, fleet operation and rail transport, and the marine world. **Global Issues Affecting Transport**--presents methods of energy prediction that reflect the dynamics of global supply and the influence of new technologies. Transport Fuels Technology: Mobility for the Millennium