Fracture Characterization of the Hydraulic Fracture Test Site HFTS2 with X-ray Microtomography PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Fracture Characterization of the Hydraulic Fracture Test Site HFTS2 with X-ray Microtomography PDF full book. Access full book title Fracture Characterization of the Hydraulic Fracture Test Site HFTS2 with X-ray Microtomography by Javier Orlando Guerrero. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Javier Orlando Guerrero Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Fractures are regular features in subsurface porous media. Fractures are a critical factor in the rock’s strength, stiffness and the creation of preferential flow pathways. Although fractures are an intrinsic feature of the subsurface, current understanding of the geometry and the extent of natural and hydraulic fracture networks in unconventional reservoirs is fairly limited. Measurements such as microseismic surveys, distributed acoustics and strain sensing offer indirect evidence of fracture location and geometry. However, this information is not entirely conclusive. Recent studies have sought direct evidence of hydraulic fracture geometry through coring of the stimulated reservoir. The objective of this project is to obtain three dimensional images of core sections recovered from a hydraulically fractured reservoir located in the Wolfcamp shale in the Delaware Basin obtained through the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site 2 project (HFTS-2). The preserved cores, three and a half inches in diameter, were moved into the micro-tomograph to ensure minimal disruption. Then, we used micro computerized tomography (micro-CT) to scan different sections of the reservoir in order to create digital models that allowed us to determine parameters such as the fracture shape and orientation. The resulting images have a resolution of 40 microns per pixel/voxel which compared with the resolution of medical-CT logs (200 microns approx.) already represent an improvement of 500%. The high resolution images makes possible to observe microfractures and shale heterogeneity at the micro-scale. We used image analysis methodologies to differentiate the fractures from the rock matrix
Author: Javier Orlando Guerrero Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Fractures are regular features in subsurface porous media. Fractures are a critical factor in the rock’s strength, stiffness and the creation of preferential flow pathways. Although fractures are an intrinsic feature of the subsurface, current understanding of the geometry and the extent of natural and hydraulic fracture networks in unconventional reservoirs is fairly limited. Measurements such as microseismic surveys, distributed acoustics and strain sensing offer indirect evidence of fracture location and geometry. However, this information is not entirely conclusive. Recent studies have sought direct evidence of hydraulic fracture geometry through coring of the stimulated reservoir. The objective of this project is to obtain three dimensional images of core sections recovered from a hydraulically fractured reservoir located in the Wolfcamp shale in the Delaware Basin obtained through the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site 2 project (HFTS-2). The preserved cores, three and a half inches in diameter, were moved into the micro-tomograph to ensure minimal disruption. Then, we used micro computerized tomography (micro-CT) to scan different sections of the reservoir in order to create digital models that allowed us to determine parameters such as the fracture shape and orientation. The resulting images have a resolution of 40 microns per pixel/voxel which compared with the resolution of medical-CT logs (200 microns approx.) already represent an improvement of 500%. The high resolution images makes possible to observe microfractures and shale heterogeneity at the micro-scale. We used image analysis methodologies to differentiate the fractures from the rock matrix
Author: Bethany Grace Rysak Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 274
Book Description
The 6TW slant core is part of the multidisciplinary Hydraulic Fracture Test Site (HFTS1) project in the Midland Basin. The slant core made a close pass by two horizontal wells on an 11-well pad and has yielded new insight into fracture networks created by the hydraulic fracturing process. Approximately ~600 ft of core was recovered through the Wolfcamp A and B, with fracture characterization identifying 375 hydraulic fractures (trending E-W), and 309 calcite-sealed natural fractures (Set 1 trending NE-SW; Set 2 trending WNW-ESE). Initial observations showed that the number of hydraulic fractures found in core was higher than the number estimated to have been created via the completion processes. This abundance may be closely tied to the examples of twist-hackle segmentation, diversion, and bifurcation seen in core. These features can be used to determine propagation direction and help build a clearer picture of fracture network growth and geometry. To further investigate the impact of these features on our current understanding of hydraulic fracture propagation, this research was divided into four parts, those being: 1) Analysis of hydraulic fractures in the slant core, 2) Observation of lab-generated hydraulic fracture morphology, 3) Observation of natural hydraulic fracture morphology in the field, and 4) Building of a 3D reservoir model for the HFTS1 pad to run fracture forward modeling. The key implications of this work provide a greater understanding of hydraulic fracture network propagation in the subsurface, and could have wider applications for evaluation, completion, production, and fracture modeling techniques in unconventional reservoirs
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Sandia Laboratories has continued the development and field testing of the surface electrical potential system. Several experiments have demonstrated the ability of this technique to determine fracture orientation and asymmetry. Applicability to deeper, smaller, multi-zone, and other types of fracturing is continuing to be evaluated. Surface seismic recording as a tool to evaluate fracturing has been discontinued; however, close-in seismic recording appears to be quite valuable. Two different types of experiments revealed a preponderance of seismic events associated with hydraulic fracturing. Geophones had been grouted into the formation at the Nevada Test Site in close proximity to the fracturing experiments in Hole 6. A downhole, wall-clamped three-axis seismic system was tested on two experiments in the Wattenburg field. All these experiments indicate that seismic recordings made close to or in the fracture system potentially can be of significant value to assist in fracture mapping.
Author: Xinpu Shen Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351796283 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 259
Book Description
The expansion of unconventional petroleum resources in the recent decade and the rapid development of computational technology have provided the opportunity to develop and apply 3D numerical modeling technology to simulate the hydraulic fracturing of shale and tight sand formations. This book presents 3D numerical modeling technologies for hydraulic fracturing developed in recent years, and introduces solutions to various 3D geomechanical problems related to hydraulic fracturing. In the solution processes of the case studies included in the book, fully coupled multi-physics modeling has been adopted, along with innovative computational techniques, such as submodeling. In practice, hydraulic fracturing is an essential project component in shale gas/oil development and tight sand oil, and provides an essential measure in the process of drilling cuttings reinjection (CRI). It is also an essential measure for widened mud weight window (MWW) when drilling through naturally fractured formations; the process of hydraulic plugging is a typical application of hydraulic fracturing. 3D modeling and numerical analysis of hydraulic fracturing is essential for the successful development of tight oil/gas formations: it provides accurate solutions for optimized stage intervals in a multistage fracking job. It also provides optimized well-spacing for the design of zipper-frac wells. Numerical estimation of casing integrity under stimulation injection in the hydraulic fracturing process is one of major concerns in the successful development of unconventional resources. This topic is also investigated numerically in this book. Numerical solutions to several other typical geomechanics problems related to hydraulic fracturing, such as fluid migration caused by fault reactivation and seismic activities, are also presented. This book can be used as a reference textbook to petroleum, geotechnical and geothermal engineers, to senior undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students, and to geologists, hydrogeologists, geophysicists and applied mathematicians working in this field. This book is also a synthetic compendium of both the fundamentals and some of the most advanced aspects of hydraulic fracturing technology.
Author: Kan Wu Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 9780323953627 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Distributed fiber optic strain measurements, revolutionizing subsurface monitoring and hydraulic fracture characterization, offers a pivotal resource for geophysicists, reservoir engineers, and completion engineers. This cutting-edge technology leads the way in innovation with its ability to detect rock deformation and changes in strain along optical fibers, providing exceptional spatial resolution and measurement sensitivity. Its applications are broad and impactful, ranging from monitoring subsurface carbon storage and enhancing geothermal systems to advancing unconventional reservoir development. Despite the technology's advancements, accurately interpreting data of strain measurement from the hydraulic fracturing process poses a significant challenge due to the complex conditions in the Earth's surface. This book presents a comprehensive approach for analyzing strain responses from both horizontal and vertical monitoring wells to quantify hydraulic fracture propagation and the evolution of fracture geometry. The development of a forward geomechanics model significantly enhance the understanding of the field data. The introduction of a groundbreaking inversion model allows for in-depth data analysis and maximizes the dataset's value. Moreover, this book applies its findings through two field studies in typical unconventional reservoirs, illustrating the practical application of the technology. These case studies highlight effective field data interpretation and the critical insights that can be obtained. This book aims to elucidate data interpretation and analysis of complex subsurface measurements related to hydraulic fracture propagation, providing engineers with a novel perspective on subsurface exploration.
Author: Sudhish Kumar Bakku Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 227
Book Description
Fracture characterization is important for optimal recovery of hydrocarbons. In this thesis, we develop techniques to characterize natural and hydraulic fractures using seismic measurements in a borehole. We first develop methods to characterize a fracture intersecting an open borehole by studying tubewave generation and attenuation at the fracture. By numerically studying the dispersion relation for fluid pressure in the fracture, we show that the tubewave measurements made in the transition regime from low to high frequency can constrain fracture compliance, aperture and length, while measurements made in the high-frequency regime can place a lower bound on fracture compliance. Analysis of field data suggest a large compliance value (10- 0m/Pa) for a meter-scale fracture and supports scaling of fracture compliance and applicability of scattering based methods for fracture characterization on a reservoir scale. We next study Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), a novel Fiber Optic (FO) cable based seismic acquisition technology. We relate DAS measurements to traditional geophone measurements and make a comprehensive study of factors that influence DAS measurements. Using a layered borehole model, we analytically compare the sensitivity of DAS measurements to P- and S-wave incidence at arbitrary angles for the cases when the FO cable is installed in the borehole fluid or when cemented outside the casing. In addition, we study the azimuthal placement of the cable, the effect of cable design, and the effect of environmental conditions on time-lapse measurements. We show that DAS is a reliable tool for time-lapse monitoring. Finally, we analyze time-lapse DAS Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) data collected during a multi-stage hydraulic fracture treatment of a well drilled into a tight gas sandstone reservoir. We develop a processing workflow to mitigate the unique challenges posed by DAS data and propose methods for DAS depth calibration. We observe systematic and long-lived (over 10 days) time-lapse changes in the amplitudes of direct P-waves and nearly no phase changes due to stimulation. We argue that the time-lapse changes cannot be explained by measurement factors alone and that they may be correlated to the stimulated volume. Though the current geometry is not ideal, DAS is promising for hydraulic fracture monitoring.
Author: Joanna Garland Publisher: Geological Society of London ISBN: 1862393508 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 309
Book Description
Carbonate reservoirs contain an increasingly important percentage of the worlds hydrocarbon reserves. This volume presents key recent advances in carbonate exploration and reservoir analysis.
Author: Yu-Shu Wu Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing ISBN: 0128129999 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 568
Book Description
Hydraulic Fracture Modeling delivers all the pertinent technology and solutions in one product to become the go-to source for petroleum and reservoir engineers. Providing tools and approaches, this multi-contributed reference presents current and upcoming developments for modeling rock fracturing including their limitations and problem-solving applications. Fractures are common in oil and gas reservoir formations, and with the ongoing increase in development of unconventional reservoirs, more petroleum engineers today need to know the latest technology surrounding hydraulic fracturing technology such as fracture rock modeling. There is tremendous research in the area but not all located in one place. Covering two types of modeling technologies, various effective fracturing approaches and model applications for fracturing, the book equips today’s petroleum engineer with an all-inclusive product to characterize and optimize today’s more complex reservoirs. Offers understanding of the details surrounding fracturing and fracture modeling technology, including theories and quantitative methods Provides academic and practical perspective from multiple contributors at the forefront of hydraulic fracturing and rock mechanics Provides today’s petroleum engineer with model validation tools backed by real-world case studies
Author: Javier Orlando Guerrero
Author: Javier Orlando Guerrero
Author: Bethany Grace Rysak
Author: Jesse Clay Hampton
Author: 
Author: Xinpu Shen
Author: Kan Wu
Author: Kamran Imam
Author: Sudhish Kumar Bakku
Author: Joanna Garland
Author: Yu-Shu Wu