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Author: Richard H. Ragle Publisher: ISBN: Category : Ice Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
The formation of lake ice in a temperate continental climate was studied during the winter of 1956-1957 at Post Pond, Lyme, New Hampshire. In the thirty-six blocks of ice studied, four textures and three structures were observed. The textures, tabular, columnar, granular, and crenulate, are discussed in terms of relative growth velocity. The structures were Forel striations, Tyndall figures, and bubbles. Strain shadows, a structural feature, were also observed. The average crystal area increased with increasing ice thickness. Generally the rate of increase was greater toward the center of the lake. However, within a pronounced bubble layer, which was continuous through a horizontal plane in the lake-ice sheet, the average crystal area ceased to enlarge. (Author).
Author: Richard H. Ragle Publisher: ISBN: Category : Ice Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
The formation of lake ice in a temperate continental climate was studied during the winter of 1956-1957 at Post Pond, Lyme, New Hampshire. In the thirty-six blocks of ice studied, four textures and three structures were observed. The textures, tabular, columnar, granular, and crenulate, are discussed in terms of relative growth velocity. The structures were Forel striations, Tyndall figures, and bubbles. Strain shadows, a structural feature, were also observed. The average crystal area increased with increasing ice thickness. Generally the rate of increase was greater toward the center of the lake. However, within a pronounced bubble layer, which was continuous through a horizontal plane in the lake-ice sheet, the average crystal area ceased to enlarge. (Author).
Author: Lars Bengtsson Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9781402056161 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 954
Book Description
Lakes and reservoirs hold about 90% of the world's surface fresh water, but overuse, water withdrawal and pollution of these bodies puts some one billion people at risk. The Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs reviews the physical, chemical and ecological characteristics of lakes and reservoirs, and describes their uses and environmental state trends in different parts of the world. Superbly illustrated throughout, it includes some 200 entries in a range of topics, including acidification, artificialisation, canals, climate change effects, dams, dew ponds, drainage, eutrofication, evaporation, fisheries, hydro-electric power, nutrients, organic pollution, paleolimnology, reservoir capacities and depths, sedimentation, water resources and more.
Author: John M. Melack Publisher: University of California Press ISBN: 0520278798 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 219
Book Description
The Sierra Nevada, California’s iconic mountain range, harbors thousands of remote high-elevations lakes from which water flows to sustain agriculture and cities. As climate and air quality in the region change, so do the watershed processes upon which these lakes depend. In order to understand the future of California’s ecology and natural resources, we need an integrated account of the environmental processes that underlie these aquatic systems. Synthesizing over three decades of research on the lakes and watersheds of the Sierra Nevada, this book develops an integrated account of the hydrological and biogeochemical systems that sustain them. With a focus on Emerald Lake in Sequoia National Park, the book marshals long-term limnological and ecological data to provide a detailed and synthetic account, while also highlighting the vulnerability of Sierra lakes to changes in climate and atmospheric deposition. In so doing, it lays the scientific foundations for predicting and understanding how the lakes and watersheds will respond.
Author: W. H. Parrott Publisher: ISBN: Category : Ice on rivers, lakes, etc Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
The temperature structure of Post Pond, a small (46.6 hectares), mid-latitude, dimictic lake in west-central New Hampshire, was studied during autumn, winter and spring of 1968-1969. The lake was instrumented over its maximum depth (11.7 m) with a string of 24 thermocouples which recorded hourly temperatures. Temperatures in 9 m of sediments underlying the lake were measured with a thermistor probe. Secondary and tertiary thermocline development in the epilimnion occurred during short warming periods in the early autumn. The autumn overturn lasted 25 days, whereas the spring overturn lasted only 4 days. The entire lake mixed isothermally in the autumn to 3.2C. During the period of ice cover, the lower 5 m of water gained approximately 51.5 cal/sq cm, which was supplied by stored heat in the bottom sediments. A steady-state thermal gradient of 0.07C/m was found for the deeper sediments underlying the lake during ice cover. Late winter cooling of bottom water under the ice cover may be the result of snowmelt in areas adjacent to the lake causing activation of groundwater influx. Melting of the clear ice portion of the ice cover was primarily the result of heat supplied to the lake from snowmelt water, and occurred on the underside of the ice sheet. Thermal instability of the water mass persisted for 9 days during peak snowmelt runoff; this can be partially explained by an increase in dissolved solids with depth. (Author).
Author: Wilford Frank Weeks Publisher: ISBN: Category : Fracture mechanics Languages : en Pages : 92
Book Description
The increased activity in cold regions has made a thorough understanding of fracture in lake and sea ice quite desirable, inasmuch as this information has application to a number of problems of geophysical as well as engineering importance. This survey starts with a discussion of the structure of ice I and the macro- and microstructure of sea and lake ice as well as their chemistry and phase relations. Recent work on the direct observation of dislocations as well as the formation of cracks in ice is summarized. Formal ice-brine-air models for analyzing variations in ice strength are also reviewed. The results of the different types of tests are discussed and compared (compressive, indentation, direct and ring-tension, small beam flexure and in situ cantilevers and simple beams, shear, and impact). Scale effects are considered as well as the rapid strength deterioration experienced by ice sheets in the spring. Finally, a number of recommendations are made concerning future research in this field. (Author).
Author: Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3038973882 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 211
Book Description
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "River and Lake Ice Processes—Impacts of Freshwater Ice on Aquatic Ecosystems in a Changing Globe" that was published in Water
Author: Martin Bell Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317904796 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 377
Book Description
Late Quaternary Environmental Change addresses the interaction between human agency and other environmental factors in the landscapes, particularly of the temperate zone. Taking an ecological approach, the authors cover the last 20,000 years during which the climate has shifted from arctic severity to the conditions of the present interglacial environment.
Author: Richard H. Ragle
Author: Richard H. Ragle
Author: Lars Bengtsson
Author: 
Author: John M. Melack
Author: W. H. Parrott
Author: 
Author: Roy E. Bates
Author: Wilford Frank Weeks
Author: Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt
Author: Martin Bell