Forest Atmosphere Carbon Transfer and Storage (FACTS-II) the Aspen Free-air CO2 and O2 Enrichment (FACE) Project PDF Download

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ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric carbon dioxide
Languages : en
Pages : 304

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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric carbon dioxide
Languages : en
Pages : 68

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Author: Josef Nösberger
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540312374
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 480

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This book provides an up-to-date review of the effects of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide on agroecosystems, forests, and grasslands. It summarizes the main findings from 13 experiments with annual crops, permanent pastures and plantation forests at 11 sites throughout the world during the past ten years. The results significantly alter our perception of how rising CO2 will directly affect these managed ecosystems.

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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 21

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Author: Kurt S. Pregitzer
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128055626
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 27

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The Aspen free-air carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment (FACE) experiment tested how three developing forest communities responded to elevated concentrations of CO2 and/or tropospheric ozone (O3). Throughout the 11-year experiment, elevated CO2 increased aboveground productivity, whereas the initial negative effects of elevated O3 on aboveground productivity became insignificant over time. During the first 2 years, fine root biomass and soil respiration responded positively to elevated CO2 and negatively to elevated O3. However, after 5 years, O3 effects on fine root biomass were weakly negative or positive and effects on soil respiration were positive. Despite altering litter inputs, neither elevated O3 nor elevated CO2 affected overall soil C storage at the end of the experiment, consistent with observations that elevated CO2 increased and elevated O3 tended to decrease the activity of litter-degrading extracellular enzymes. Overall, our understanding of belowground processes is still insufficient to predict how ecosystems will respond to global change.

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Category : Aspen
Languages : en
Pages : 50

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This publication is an additional source of metadata for data stored and publicly available in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Research Data Archive. Here, we document the development, design, management, and operation of the experiment. In 1998, a team of scientists from the U.S. Forest Service, Department of Energy (DOE), Michigan Technological University, and several other institutions initiated the Aspen Free Air CO2 and Ozone Enrichment (Aspen FACE) Experiment. Using technology developed at DOE's Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), the experiment fumigated model aspen forest ecosystems with elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), or ozone, or both in a full factorial design with three replicates. The Aspen FACE Experiment was one of several free-air CO2 enrichment experiments at the time, but was the only one that incorporated ozone treatment into the BNL design. The experiment operated for 13 years, involved more than 70 researchers from 9 countries, has produced 126 scientific publications to date, held numerous tours and scientific conferences, and was the subject of many reports in the public news media. Findings from the experiment contributed to the supplement to the U.S. President's 2002 budget, Our Changing Planet; and to the 2006 rewriting of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ozone pollution criteria document. Data and archived plant samples from the experiment continue to be used in many ways, including meta analyses, global change modeling, and studies examining tree characteristics affected by the treatment gases.

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Category :
Languages : en
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Two of the most important and pervasive greenhouse gases driving global change and impacting forests in the U.S. and around the world are atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3. As the only free air, large-scale manipulative experiment studying the interaction of elevated CO2 and O3 on forests, the Aspen FACE experiment was uniquely designed to address the long-term ecosystem level impacts of these two greenhouse gases on aspen-birch-maple forests, which dominate the richly forested Lake States region. The project was established in 1997 to address the overarching scientific question: "What are the effects of elevated [CO2] and [O3], alone and in combination, on the structure and functioning of northern hardwood forest ecosystems?" From 1998 through the middle of the 2009 growing season, we examined the interacting effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on ecosystem processes in an aggrading northern forest ecosystem to compare the responses of early-successional, rapid-growing shade intolerant trembling aspen and paper birch to those of a late successional, slower growing shade tolerant sugar maple. Fumigations with elevated CO2 (560 ppm during daylight hours) and O3 (approximately 1.5 x ambient) were conducted during the growing season from 1998 to 2008, and in 2009 through harvest date. Response variables quantified during the experiment included growth, competitive interactions and stand dynamics, physiological processes, plant nutrient status and uptake, tissue biochemistry, litter quality and decomposition rates, hydrology, soil respiration, microbial community composition and respiration, VOC production, treatment-pest interactions, and treatment-phenology interactions. In 2009, we conducted a detailed harvest of the site. The harvest included detailed sampling of a subset of trees by component (leaves and buds, fine branches, coarse branches and stem, coarse roots, fine roots) and excavation of soil to a depth of 1 m. Throughout the experiment, aspen and birch photosynthesis increased with elevated CO2 and tended to decrease with elevated O3, compared to the control. In contrast to aspen and birch, maple photosynthesis was not enhanced by elevated CO2. Elevated O3 did not cause significant reductions in maximum photosynthesis in birch or maple. In addition, photosynthesis in ozone sensitive clones was affected to a much greater degree than that in ozone tolerant aspen clones. Treatment effects on photosynthesis contributed to CO2 stimulation of aboveground and belowground growth that was species and genotype dependent, with birch and aspen being most responsive and maple being least responsive. The positive effects of elevated CO2 on net primary productivity NPP were sustained through the end of the experiment, but negative effects of elevated O3 on NPP had dissipated during the final three years of treatments. The declining response to O3 over time resulted from the compensatory growth of O3-tolerant genotypes and species as the growth of O3-sensitive individuals declined over time. Cumulative NPP over the entire experiment was 39% greater under elevated CO2 and 10% lower under elevated O3. Enhanced NPP under elevated CO2 was sustained by greater root exploration of soil for growth-limiting N, as well as more rapid rates of litter decomposition and microbial N release during decay. Results from Aspen FACE clearly indicate that plants growing under elevated carbon dioxide, regardless of community type or ozone level, obtained significantly greater amounts of soil N. These results indicate that greater plant growth under elevated carbon dioxide has not led to "progressive N limitation". If similar forests growing throughout northeastern North America respond in the same manner, then enhanced forest NPP under elevated CO2 may be sustained for a longer duration than previously thought, and the negative effect of elevated O3 may be diminished by compensatory growth of O3-tolerant plants as they begin to dominate forest communities ...

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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12

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Forest ecosystems constitute an important part of the planet's land cover. Understanding their exchanges of carbon with the atmosphere is crucial in projecting future net atmospheric CO2 increases. It is also important that experimental studies of these processes be performed under conditions which are as realistic as possible, particularly with respect to photosynthesis and evapotranspiration. New technology and experimental protocols now exist which can facilitate studying an undisturbed forest canopy under long-term enriched CO2 conditions. The International Geosphere Biosphere Program of the International Council of Scientific Unions has established a subprogram on Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems (GCTE). This program is driven by two major concerns: to be able to predict the effects of global change on the structure and function of ecosystems, and to predict how these changes will control both atmospheric CO2 and climate, through various feedback pathways. Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has developed a system for exposing field-grown plants to controlled elevated concentrations of atmospheric gases, without use of confining chambers that alter important atmospheric exchange processes. This system, called FACE for Free Air CO2 Enrichment. This paper focuses on the fluid mechanics of free-air fumigation and uses a numerical simulation model based on superposed gaussian plumes to project how the present ground-based system could be used to fumigate an elevated forest canopy.

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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5

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Author: George R. Hendrey
Publisher: CRC PressI Llc
ISBN: 9780849387227
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 250

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Book Description
FACE provides a compendium of information on Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment, the latest advance in technology for exposing field-grown plants to changes in atmospheric chemistry. The book presents the justification and mission of the DOE/USDA FACE Program, the historical development of various types of fumigation equipment and of FACE-type systems, a cost comparison for the set-up and execution of experiments using FACE and other types of systems, FACE design and performance data, and results of FACE experiments on cotton.